内脏动脉狭窄闭塞侧支循环的多层螺旋CT血管成像

目的:探讨腹腔动脉(CA)、肠系膜上动脉(SMA)、肠系膜下动脉(IMA)狭窄闭塞侧支循环在多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)中的表现.方法:搜集CA、SMA、IMA慢性狭窄闭塞行MSCTA检查的患者80例,采用容积再现(VR)血管添加技术(AV)对侧支血管进行选择性重建.结果:80例慢性期内脏动脉狭窄闭塞患者中SMA...     

MSCTA对腹腔干狭窄及侧支循环的应用价值

目的:分析腹腔干狭窄的MSCTA表现,探讨MSCTA在诊断和评估腹腔干狭窄及侧支循环方面的价值。方法:回顾性分析经MSCTA的30例腹腔干狭窄患者的影像学资料,男23例,女7例,平均年龄53.7岁。所有病例临床病史均未提示腹腔干血管病变。分别对腹腔干血管狭窄的程度、侧支循环及有无并发腹腔内脏动脉瘤或肠系膜上动脉狭窄进行评估。结果:30例患者腹腔干起始段均狭窄,狭窄率45%～95%。22例伴有侧支循环(73.3%,22/30),共有28个侧支交通,其中胰十二指肠动脉弓型17个(60.7%,17/28),胰背动脉型6个(21.4%,6/28),肝内型1个(3.6%,1/28),肠系膜下动脉型4个(14.3%,4/28)。8例无侧支循环(26.7%,8/22)。30例腹腔干狭窄患者中合并肠系膜上动脉狭窄4例,合并腹腔动脉瘤3例。结论:MSCTA能够准确诊断和评价腹腔干狭窄及其伴发的侧支循环或腹腔内脏动脉瘤,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography in the diagnosis of celiac axis stenosis and its collateral circulation

目的:分析腹腔干狭窄的MSCTA表现,探讨MSCTA在诊断和评估腹腔干狭窄及侧支循环方面的价值.方法:回顾性分析经MSCTA的30例腹腔干狭窄患者的影像学资料,男23例,女7例,平均年龄53.7岁.所有病例临床病史均未提示腹腔干血管病变.分别对腹腔干血管狭窄的程度、侧支循环及有无并发腹腔内脏动脉瘤或肠系膜上动脉狭窄进行评估.结果:30例患者腹腔干起始段均狭窄,狭窄率45％～95％.22例伴有侧支循环(73.3％,22/30),共有28个侧支交通,其中胰十二指肠动脉弓型17个(60.7％,17/28),胰背动脉型6个(21.4％,6/28),肝内型1个(3.6％,1/28),肠系膜下动脉型4个(14.3％,4/28).8例无侧支循环(26.7％,8/22).30例腹腔干狭窄患者中合并肠系膜上动脉狭窄4例,合并腹腔动脉瘤3例.结论:MSCTA能够准确诊断和评价腹腔干狭窄及其伴发的侧支循环或腹腔内脏动脉瘤,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

主-髂动脉闭塞侧支循环形成的CTA表现

目的 探讨主-髂动脉闭塞伴侧支血管形成的多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)表现. 资料与方法 分析9例主-髂动脉闭塞伴侧支血管形成的MSCTA表现. 结果 9例主-髂动脉完全性闭塞,CTA显示侧支血管主要通过以下三条通路吻合:下位肋间后动脉与旋髂深动脉吻合、腹壁上动脉与腹壁下动脉吻合以及肠系膜下动脉(IMA)远段通过迂曲扩张的Riolan动脉弓与肠系膜上动脉(SMA)形成吻合. 结论 MSCTA可显示主-髂动脉闭塞患者的主要侧支血管情况.     

自发孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的MSCTA诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对自发孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SIDSMA)的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析24例SIDSMA患者的MSCTA资料,应用多种重组方法对图像进行重建,并对患者影像资料进行综合分析。结果:24例SIDSMA患者均显示破口,夹层破口距离肠系膜起始部距离0.4-4.3cm不等;17例显示内膜片,20例病变肠系膜上动脉(SMA)管径有不同程度增粗,其中2例伴SMA动脉瘤形成;4例患者清楚显示SMA分支受累,3例患者SMA远端分支闭塞,2例患者局部肠道可见缺血性改变。结论:MSCTA有助于SIDSMA的诊断,并能准确地对夹层进行评估,给临床提供有治疗价值的信息。     

肠系膜上动脉夹层的MSCTA诊断及平扫管径变化的临床意义

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像MSCTA诊断肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISMAD)的价值及SISMAD在MSCT平扫时管径变化。方法 选取25例SISMAD患者的CT影像资料,对病变进行MSCTA形态学分型; MSCT平扫时在胰头钩突水平测量肠系上动脉(SMA)管径大小。选取腹部MSCT正常的20例作为对照组,比较MSCT平扫时SISMAD组与对照组SMA管径大小,并与肠系膜上静脉(SMV)比较。结果 SISMAD分型包括:Ⅰ型4例(16%),Ⅱa型6例(24%),Ⅱb型13例(52%),Ⅲ型2例(8%); 4例在SMA与肠系膜下动脉(IMA)之间见侧支循环动脉。平扫SISMAD组和正常组SMA管径分别为(11.75±1.29) mm和(7.10±0.97) mm,前者明显大于后者,二者差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),且略大于SMV管径,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.142)。结论 MSCTA能很好地显示SISMAD的形态特征,且能准确地显示侧支循环血管情况,为治疗方案选择提供依据; SMA管径扩大是SISMAD在MSCT平扫中的重要征象,SMV管径可作为判断SMA管径扩大的参考值。     

MSCT血管成像对孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT血管成像诊断孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层(SISAMD)的临床应用价值.方法:对7例急性肠缺血患者行MSCT血管成像,采用容积再现(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)及最大密度投影(MIP)重组图像,由两位经验丰富的心血管影像医师评估夹层的部位和范围.结果:SISAMD与主动脉夹层CT血管成像(CTA)表现相同,CTA清晰显示撕裂内膜5例,破裂口均位于肠系膜上动脉(SMA)近心端.根据Yun分型:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱa型3例,Ⅱb型2例,Ⅲ型1例.SMA直径增粗2例,SMA周围脂肪间隙模糊2例,局部回肠壁增厚、水肿2例,升结肠扩张、积液1例,腹腔及盆腔内少量积液2例.结论:MSCTA能清晰显示病变特征和累及范围,是孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层首选的检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在体部动脉病变中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在体部动脉性病变诊治中的应用价值.方法 68例经手术病理证实的体部动脉病变患者行MSCTA检查,其中颈部35例,胸腹主动脉及其分支23例,双下肢动脉10例.应用多平面重建(MPR),曲面重建(CPR),最大密度投影(MIP),容积显示技术(VRT)以及血管分析(VA)软件进行图像重建及分析.结果 68例体部动脉病变中,CTA 显示颈动脉钙化斑块伴狭窄25例,颈内动脉闭塞1例,颈总动脉假性动脉瘤1例,颈动脉鞘内神经源性肿瘤伴血管推移2例,椎动脉钙化狭窄5例,椎动脉瘤1例.胸、腹主动脉瘤5例,假性动脉瘤8例,主动脉夹层10例,双下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症9例及下肢血管动静脉瘘1例.结论多层螺旋CT血管成像对体部动脉病变的临床诊治具有重要指导意义.     

大动脉炎腹部内脏动脉病变及其侧支循环分析——兼论腹绞痛问题

大动脉炎病变常累及腹部内脏动脉即腹腔动脉、肠系膜上和下动脉(分别简称CA、SMA和IMA),尤其前二者。本文分析一组经腹主动脉造影诊断的CA、SMA扣IMA大动脉炎病变的造影所见、侧支循环形成及其与临床表现的联系,并讨论所谓腹绞痛问题。     

胰头和十二指肠供血动脉及吻合支MSCT血管成像

目的：探讨胰十二指肠上前动脉（ASPDA）、上后动脉（PSPDA）和胰十二指肠下前动脉（AIPDA）、下后动脉（PIPDA）及其侧支吻合在多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）中的显示情况。方法：搜集无腹腔动脉（CA）、肠系膜上动脉（SMA）、肠系膜下动脉（IMA）狭窄闭塞且行腹部MSCTA检查的病例230例,采用容积再现（VR）和血管生长技术（AV）对胰头、十二指肠区域供血动脉及吻合支进行血管重建,分析其表现。结果：230例检查者中,ASPDA、PSPDA、AIPDA、PIPDA直径分别为（1.50±0.15）mm、（1.60±0.16）mm、（1.50±0.10）mm、（1.70±0.11）mm,显示率分别为90.4%（208/230）、95.7%（220/230）、87.8%（202/230）、90.0%（207/230）。前、后动脉弓直径分别为（2.90±0.15）mm、（3.00±0.17）mm,显示率为53.0%（122/230）。胰背动脉直径（0.80±0.15）mm,显示率为74.8%（172/230）。PSP-DA、PIPDA起源变异发生率为3.0%（7/230）,其他侧支吻合发生率为5.2%（12/230）。结论：MSCTA能清楚显示胰头、十二指肠区域供血动脉的起源、变异及吻合支。     

Endovascular Treatment of Totally Occluded Superior Mesenteric Artery by Retrograde Crossing via the Villemin Arcade

Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a rare disorder that is commonly caused by progressive atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion of one or more mesenteric arteries. Endovascular treatment for symptomatic CMI represents a viable option, especially in high-operative risk patients. We report a case of acute symptomatic CMI with chronic totally occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) associated with significant stenosis of celiac trunk (CT) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) that underwent endovascular treatment of all the three mesenteric arteries: stenting of CT and IMA stenosis, and recanalization of the SMA occlusion by retrograde crossing via the Villemin arcade.     

Tumor tissue characterization evaluating the luciferase activity under the control of a hsp70 promoter and MR imaging in three tumor cell lines

Severe stenosis/occlusion of the proximal celiac trunk due to median arcuate ligament compression (MALC), arteriosclerosis, pancreatitis, tumor invasion, and celiac axis agenesis has been reported. However, clinically significant ischemic bowel disease attributable to celiac axis stenosis/occlusion appears to be rare because the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) provides for rich collateral circulation. In patients with celiac axis stenosis/occlusion, the most important and frequently encountered collateral vessels from the SMA are the pancreaticoduodenal arcades. Patients with celiac artery stenosis/occlusion are treated by interventional radiology (IR) via dilation of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. In patients with dilation of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade on SMA angiograms, IR through this artery may be successful. Here we provide several tips on surmounting these difficulties in IR including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, an implantable port system for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy to treat metastatic liver tumors, coil embolization of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms, and arterial stimulation test with venous sampling for insulinomas.     

Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of visceral arteries in patients with suspected chronic mesenteric ischemia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries in patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia compared with catheter angiography or surgery. Sixty-five patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia underwent three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) gadolinium-enhanced MRA. Correlative studies were performed on 14 patients, catheter angiography alone was performed on 12 patients, and surgery alone was performed on two patients. Six patients had mesenteric ischemia. In all patients, the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were seen well enough to evaluate; however, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) could be evaluated in only 9 of the 14 patients. MRA showed severe stenosis (>75%) or occlusion of the celiac axis in seven patients, of the SMA in six patients, and of the IMA in four patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 95%, respectively, compared with catheter angiography and surgery. The two errors were caused by overgrading the severity of IMA disease. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MRA can accurately demonstrate the origins of the CA and SMA and is useful in evaluation of patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia.     

Bare Stent Implantation in Iatrogenic Dissecting Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

Iatrogenic arterial dissection leading to the development of dissecting pseudoaneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a rare complication of angiography. Surgical and endovascular treatment options exist for this important condition. We report a case of bare stent implantation in dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the SMA that developed after angiography in a patient with acute mesenteric ischemia. Although it is rarely published, iatrogenic arterial dissection causing pseudoaneurysm can occur after diagnostic and interventional angiography. Bare stent implantation in dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the SMA could be an advantageous endovascular treatment option in selected cases due its to potential preservation of important side branches of the SMA.     

Collateral pathways in patients with celiac axis stenosis: angiographic-spiral CT correlation.

Although celiac axis stenosis is a frequently encountered occlusive vascular disease, clinically significant ischemic bowel disease caused by celiac axis stenosis is rarely reported due to rich collateral circulation from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The most important and frequently encountered collateral vessels from the SMA in patients with celiac axis stenosis are the pancreaticoduodenal arcades and the dorsal pancreatic artery. Subtypes of collateral pathways via the dorsal pancreatic artery include a longitudinal pathway between the celiac branches and the SMA or its branches and a transverse pathway to either the splenic or gastroduodenal artery. A communicating channel between the right hepatic artery and the SMA can be a route for collateral circulation. Hepatic artery variants cause the development of unique collateral pathways that have different characteristics depending on the type of variant. These collateral pathways include intrahepatic interlobar collateral vessels, right gastric to left gastric arterial anastomoses, left hepatic to left gastric arterial anastomoses, and peribiliary arterial plexuses. Major collateral pathways in patients with celiac axis stenosis can be identified with spiral CT, and knowledge concerning this collateral circulation may be important for certain medical procedures such as interventional procedures for the management of hepatic tumors, pancreaticobiliary surgery, and liver transplantation.     

肝癌合并腹腔动脉与肠系膜上动脉侧支循环通路假性闭塞(附12例报告)

目的：探讨肝癌合并腹腔动脉与肠系膜上动脉侧支循环通路假性闭塞的血管造影表现及其在介入治疗中的价值。方法：回顾性分析12例该类患者的肠系膜上动脉造影，腹腔动脉造影及介入治疗资料。结果：12例假性闭塞中，位于肝总动脉与腹腔动脉分叉处6例，肝总动脉分出胃十二指肠动脉支处5例，1例右肝动脉直接起源于腹腔动脉，并在其分叉处发生假性闭塞。在这12处假性闭塞中，于腹腔动脉造影时呈闭塞状态，而肠系膜上动脉造影却完全通畅，似静脉瓣样。并且导丝、导管能顺利通过该闭塞处。10例患者完成了肝动脉化疗栓塞术。结论：这一少见现象可能与其血液动力学改变和解剖学变异有关，了解此征象对于指导介入治疗有一定价值。     

Percutaneous Retrograde Recanalization of the Celiac Artery by Way of the Superior Mesenteric Artery for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

A 52-year-old man presented with recurrent postprandial abdominal pain, sitophobia, and progressive weight loss. Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) due to subtotal occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and flush occlusion of the celiac artery (CA) was diagnosed. Retrograde recanalization of the CA by way of a collateral channel from the SMA was performed using contemporary recanalization equipment. The CA and SMA were then stented, resulting in sustained resolution of CMI-related symptoms.     

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the abdominal aorta involving the celiac trunk origin and superior mesenteric artery occlusion: endovascular treatment

We describe a case of endovascular treatment in a 64-year-old woman affected by a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) of the abdominal aorta with a 26-mm pseudoaneurysm involving the celiac trunk (CT) origin and with superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion in the first 30 mm. The patient underwent stenting to treat the SMA occlusion and subsequent deployment of a custom-designed fenestrated endovascular stent-graft to treat the PAU involving the CT origin. Follow-up at 6 months after device placement demonstrated no complications, and there was complete thrombosis of the PAU and patency of the two branch vessels.