黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的螺旋CT表现

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的螺旋CT表现及其病理基础.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的16例XGC患者的CT和手术病理资料,着重观察胆囊壁的厚度、胆囊壁的强化方式、胆囊壁内低密度结节、胆囊内壁黏膜线、邻近肝脏组织受累情况,胆囊内有无结石,以及胆囊周围变化.结果 16例中均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及壁内低密度结节,12例胆囊增大,4例胆囊缩小,12例显示胆囊内完整黏膜线,11例伴有胆囊结石或胆总管结石,10例胆囊周围炎性浸润,4例累及肝脏,3例伴有胆管不同程度扩张.结论 胆囊壁增厚、增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节和较完整的胆囊内壁黏膜线是诊断XGC较具特征性的表现.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT诊断(附11例报告)

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的CT表现,以提高黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎诊断水平.方法 分析经手术、病理证实的11例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT、临床及手术病理资料.观察胆囊壁厚度、壁内低密度结节、胆囊内壁、黏膜线、胆囊壁及受累肝组织强化程度、胆囊内有无结石,以及胆囊周围的变化.结果 11例均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及壁内结节,9例胆囊壁内面光滑,6例显示黏膜线,3例胆囊增大,4例缩小,4例发现胆囊结石,6例侵犯肝脏,3例胆囊周围炎性浸润,6例伴有胆道扩张.结论 增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节(三明治征)和完整的黏膜线较具特征性.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与厚壁型胆囊癌的螺旋CT鉴别诊断

目的 比较黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)和厚壁型胆囊癌(GBC)的螺旋CT特点,旨在提高两者鉴别诊断中的准确率.方法 搜集临床或病理确诊的22例XGC和25例GBC的临床和螺旋CT资料进行对照研究.结果 CT征象对照中,胆囊壁内低密度结节、胆囊壁内黏膜线完整情况以及胆道梗阻情况、淋巴结肿大等差异有显著统计学意义(P =0.000,0.002,0.010,0.031),而胆囊壁最大厚度,厚壁范围、强化方式、强化程度、邻近肝脏浸润、合并胆囊、胆管结石以及周围脂肪间隙清晰征象差异无显著统计学意义(P =0.826,0.595,0.820,0.064,0.798,0.062,0.110).结论 增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节和完整的胆囊内壁黏膜线是诊断XGC较具特征性CT表现,胆囊壁内低密度结节具有很高的敏感性和准确度,有利于两者的鉴别.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎CT诊断和误诊原因分析(附9例报告)

目的 分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecytitis,XGC)的CT表现和误诊原因,以进一步提高XGC的诊断准确性.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的9例XGC的CT特征.结果 CT提示慢性胆囊炎5例,胆囊癌4例.所有病例均有不同程度的胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性增厚4例,弥漫性增厚5例,增强扫描增厚的胆囊壁内见低密度结节5例,显示完整黏膜线7例.术后病理均证实为XGC.结论 XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊炎性疾病,影像表现有一定特征,其中增强扫描示增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节和完整的胆囊黏膜线是提示XGC诊断的重要征象.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT诊断

目的:探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC)的CT表现特点,提高XGC的诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的XGC 7例的临床表现特点。结果:7例中术前诊断正确2例,5例误诊。6例胆囊不同程度增大,7例囊壁均增厚,4例增厚胆囊壁内均可见形态不规则的低密度灶,4例黏膜线完整,胆囊结石3例,胆总管结石1例,胆囊床清晰6例,肝脏局部性受侵1例;增强扫描呈"夹心饼干征"2例,低密度结节环形强化3例。结论:CT增强扫描后的"夹心饼干征"、黏膜完整、低密度结节和胆囊床清晰等征象,对XGC的诊断有重要价值。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的影像学表现

目的：探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的CT和MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的XGC,总结其CT和MRI表现。结果：术前诊断为XGC2例,误诊为胆囊癌6例。CT表现：8例均有胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性增厚表现为动脉期环形强化1例,弥漫性增厚表现为夹心饼干征3例,4例表现为胆囊黏膜线完整;伴胆囊结石5例,胆总管结石1例,右肝内胆管细胞癌1例。MRI表现：3例T2WI表现为胆囊壁内高信号结节,2例门脉期及延迟期清晰显示明显强化的完整的胆囊黏膜线。结论：CT增强扫描表现环形强化和夹心饼干征;MRI扫描T2WI表现为胆囊壁内高信号结节,增强扫描显示明显强化的完整的胆囊黏膜线等表现,是提示XGC诊断的重要征象。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的临床表现、实验室检查情况、影像学检查表现特点,旨在提高XGC的术前诊断率.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实XGC患者的临床表现、实验室指标及病变的超声、CT及MRI表现特点,例如,胆囊壁内结节、黏膜线、胆囊壁增厚情况及强化方式、是否合并结石、胆囊周围脂肪及肝实质是否受累以及胆道梗阻情况.结果 12例患者均出现右上腹痛,11例白细胞及粒细胞不同程度升高;7例CA 199轻度升高但低于正常值5倍,CEA轻度升高1例;超声、CT、MRI表现为胆囊壁增厚,其中弥漫性增厚9例,8例见多发壁内结节,部分结节超声表现为低回声（带）、CT为低密度、MRI呈较长T1长T2.CT及MRI增强结节未见明显强化,6例增强CT、MRI粘膜线完整强化,11例病例合并胆囊结石,仅1例出现胆道梗阻,1例邻近肝实质受累.结论 综合分析患者临床表现、实验室指标及影像学检查结果,能明显提高XGC诊断准确率,为手术方案选择提供有力依据.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎多层螺旋CT增强扫描临床分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)多层螺旋CT增强扫描的特征。方法选取黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎患者72例为观察对象,根据CT扫描图像,观察胆囊壁的厚度、胆囊壁的强化情况、胆囊壁内低密度结节、黏膜线是否完整、胆囊内有无结石,胆囊周围变化及邻近肝组织受累情况。结果所有患者的胆囊壁均有增厚,最大厚度为(22.62±7.24)mm,其中呈局限性增厚的20例(27.78%),弥漫性增厚的52例(72.22%);胆囊内壁低密度结节45例(62.50%);黏膜线中断10例(13.89%)、连续62例(86.11%),轻度强化39例(54.17%)、重度强化的33例(45.83%);合并有胆管、胆囊结石26例(36.11%)。胆囊周围炎性浸润59例(81.94%)。结论 XGC影像学分析常规现为胆囊壁增厚、胆囊壁内有结节产生、黏膜线连续、周围脂肪模糊较多且有炎性浸润等特点。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的特征性影像表现及文献复习

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的特征性影像表现及诊断要点。方法分析1例XGC病人的增强CT表现及临床病理特征,并复习相关文献。结果 CT平扫及增强检查示胆囊轮廓毛糙,胆囊壁弥漫性增厚,腔内可见环形高密度影,与周围肝实质分界欠清,增强后胆囊壁呈明显分层样强化,邻近肝实质于动脉期呈一过性强化。病理诊断为黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎。结论黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎表现具有一定特征,包括胆囊壁增厚,胆囊壁呈"三明治"样或"夹心饼干"样强化、黏膜线多连续、胆囊壁内结节、胆囊或胆管结石等,有助于本病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT诊断(附九例报告及手术、病理所见)

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的ＣＴ表现以及与手术、病理所见的关系。方法分析了经ＣＴ诊断并经手术、病理证实的９例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的ＣＴ、临床及手术病理资料。观察胆囊壁厚度、壁内低密度结节、粘膜线、胆囊壁强化程度以及胆囊内有无结石,同时观察胆囊周围的变化。结果９例均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及壁内结节,４例显示粘膜线,３例胆囊增大,３例缩小,６例发现胆囊结石,２例侵犯肝脏,３例胆囊周围炎性浸润,３例伴有胆道扩张。结论胆囊壁增厚及壁内低密度结节是诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的特征性ＣＴ表现。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.