变应性真菌性鼻窦炎累及眼部的CT诊断

目的 探讨变应性真菌性鼻窦炎累及眼部的CT表现。资料与方法回顾性分析6例经病理组织学证实的变应性真菌性鼻窦炎，均出现眼部症状，包括突眼5例，眼球移位4例，视力减退3例；鼻部主要症状为奶酪状黏涕、鼻塞。结果6例变应性真菌性鼻窦炎均累及双侧多个鼻窦。CT平扫示受累鼻窦窦腔充满软组织影，伴有多发条状、葡行性或斑片状高密度影(软组织窗)，边界清楚，也可伴有磨玻璃状高密度影(骨窗)，边界较模糊；鼻窦膨胀．窦壁骨质变形、变薄、连续中断。病变累及眼眶，4例侵犯眶内壁，1例侵犯眶上壁，1例同时侵犯眶内、上壁．与邻近眼外肌分界不清；眶尖容积变小2例，6例眼球均不同程度突出。结论双侧鼻窦充满软组织影，伴有条状或葡行高密度影是诊断本病的特征性CT征象，根据此征象可提出本病的诊断；本病进展期常侵犯眼眶，有时患者可能以眼部症状首先就诊，应引起临床及影像科医师的重视。     

CT诊断真菌性鼻窦炎100例分析

目的回顾性总结真菌性鼻窦炎CT影像表现,并结合临床,探讨CT检查对诊断真菌性鼻窦炎的临床价值。方法收集100例确诊为真菌性鼻窦炎的病人资料并结合临床检查结果,与CT检查进行分析比较。鼻窦CT扫描采用骨窗和软组织窗扫描。结果 100例患者均为单侧鼻窦发病,其中真菌球型68例,慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎4例,变应性真菌性鼻窦炎28例。CT扫描影像特点为鼻窦腔散在较均匀毛玻璃特征或极不规则的线状,有星状分布的钙化点;伴不同程度骨质吸收或结构不清;窦壁骨质侵蚀15例。病变延伸到邻近结构3例,其中1例累及眼眶。有2例侧颅底骨质吸收。鼻腔或鼻窦内分布黏蛋白与CT显示毛玻璃样高密度影一致。结论真菌性鼻窦炎的鼻窦CT扫描显示与其他鼻窦炎不同。CT检查有助于准确诊断真菌性鼻窦炎。     

变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析12例经术后组织病理证实的变应性真菌性鼻窦炎，均经过CT检查。主要临床表现包括奶酪状黏涕、鼻阻塞感及鼻区痛。鼻内镜检查：12例受累侧鼻腔内均可见息肉、黏膜水肿，鼻窦腔内均见真菌分泌物。结果 变应性真菌性鼻窦炎累及半组鼻窦3例，累及全组鼻窦9例。CT平扫12例表现为鼻窦黏膜增厚；窦腔内充满软组织影，伴有不规则条状、匍行性或斑片状高密度影(软组织窗)，边界清楚，也可伴有云雾状高密度影(骨窗)，边界模糊；CT值80～110HU，平均92．5HU。11例鼻窦膨胀，窦壁骨质变形、变薄10例，8例窦壁骨质侵蚀。8例病变延伸到邻近结构，其中4例累及眼眶，2例累及颅内，2例同时累及眼眶和颅内。结论 半组或全组鼻窦充满软组织影，伴有多发典型的高密度影是诊断本病的特征性CT征象，根据此征象可能首先提出本病的诊断。CT不但可以准确显示病变累及的范围，也能够帮助与其他病变进行鉴别。     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎CT特征性表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的霉菌性鼻窦炎CT表现。结果25例主要CT表现为病变均为单侧性,位于上颌窦或以上颌窦为主,累及其他鼻窦;病变窦腔密度不均匀增高,内有局灶性点状、絮状(9例),砂粒状、小斑片状(16例)高密度影;可有窦壁骨质破坏(13例)。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎在CT表现有特异性,CT对该病的诊断有很高的价值。     

霉菌球型鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT在霉菌球型鼻窦炎诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析27例霉菌型鼻窦炎的临床及CT资料.结果 霉菌球型鼻窦炎典型CT表现为窦腔内霉菌球形成,霉菌球内多有钙化,窦壁骨质可有硬化,窦腔变形.结论 霉菌球型鼻窦炎具有典型CT征象,CT对该病的诊断有很高的价值.     

不同真菌所致鼻窦真菌球的CT鉴别诊断

目的 探讨不同真菌所致鼻窦真菌球的CT表现特点及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析自2007年至2009年经真菌学和病理检查,确诊为鼻窦真菌球的74例患者的临床及CT资料,男32例、女42例,年龄15～80岁,中位年龄50岁.比较曲霉菌和非曲霉菌所致鼻窦真菌球的病变范围、钙化发生率、部位、形态、窦壁骨质改变及合并症情况.统计学方法采用x2检验.结果 74例中致病菌以曲霉菌多见,共58例,其中黄曲霉菌36例、烟曲霉菌15例、杂色曲霉菌7例;非曲霉菌共16例,包括青霉菌5例、裂褶菌6例、尖端赛多孢子菌5例.所致鼻窦真菌球在病变范围(曲霉菌单窦病变29例,非曲霉菌单窦病变2例,x2 =7.245,P=0.007)、累及筛窦的阳性率[曲霉菌为39.7％(23/58),非曲霉菌为81.3％(13/16),x2 =8.685,P=0.003]、钙化发生率(曲霉菌58例中发生钙化40例,非曲霉菌16例中5例,x2=7.485,P =0.006)和钙化部位(曲霉菌40例钙化发生部位中央型26例,周围型14例,非曲霉菌5例全部为周围型,x2=7.697,P=0.006)上差异有统计学意义;而在病变侧别(x2=1.002,P=0.317),上颌窦(x2 =0.020,P=0.888)、蝶窦(x2=0.704,P=0.401)、额窦(x2=0.126,P=0.723)受累,窦壁骨质改变(x2=2.024,P=0.155),钙化形态(x2=2.045,P=0.153)以及合并鼻息肉(x2=0.018,P=0.893)或黏膜囊肿(x2=0.779,P=0.378)上差异无统计学意义.结论 鼻窦真菌球的共同特征是多单侧鼻窦受累,窦腔内密度不均匀增高并可见斑片状钙化.曲霉菌性真菌球的CT特征是不易累及筛窦,钙化多见且多位于病变中心部;非曲霉菌性真菌球的CT特征为易累及筛窦,钙化少见,多位于病变周边部.     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨CT检查对霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾分析资料完整的50例霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现。重点观察鼻窦病变的范围、密度以及窦壁的骨质改变。结果：①霉菌性鼻窦炎的病变范围多局限于单侧，以上颌窦多发，②窦腔软组织块影内散在斑点状，星芒状钙化，③霉菌性鼻窦炎受累鼻窦窦口多数明显扩大，邻近正常结构受压移位或消失，④受累鼻窦窦壁骨质增厚硬化，可见骨质吸收或破坏。结论：鼻窦窦腔软组织影内散在不规则钙化是霉菌性上颌窦炎的特征性表现，窦壁骨质增生、硬化在霉菌性鼻窦炎时多见，有骨质吸收破坏时应与上领窦癌等病变鉴别。CT检查的价值在于确定病变的范围及病变的程度，对鉴别诊断有帮助。     

霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT特征

目的探讨霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT特征。方法回顾分析20例经手术病理证实的霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现。结果单侧副鼻窦发病18例,双侧副鼻窦发病2例,全部病变均累及上颌窦,累及2个以上副鼻窦腔8例,病变侵犯后鼻孔2例。霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现主要为病变窦腔内充满软组织影,密度增高,不均匀,病灶内出现点状、条状钙化灶,窦腔骨壁增厚伴破坏,窦腔缩小。结论霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现具有单侧发病为主,窦腔内点状、条状钙化灶,窦腔骨壁增厚伴破坏以及窦腔缩小等特征。CT可为诊断本病提供重要信息,但确诊需要组织学和细菌学检查。     

真菌性鼻窦炎的CT影像特征及临床诊断

目的 分析真菌性鼻窦炎的CT影像特征,为疾病的临床诊断提供更多依据.方法 收集我院2011年10月～2013年t0月期间诊治的真菌性鼻窦炎患者56例作为研究对象,采用回顾性的方式分析患者的影像学资料,并将真菌培养和病理检查作为确诊依据,对影像诊断结果进行分析.结果 研究结果显示,真菌性鼻窦炎发病部位主要是上颌窦,其中有53名患者均存在上颌窦病变,包括32例单侧发病和21例双侧发病;在53名患者中有13例合并有筛窦病变,CT影像主要表现为腔内充满肿块样或絮状软组织阴影,窦腔粘膜增厚,另外是存在数量不等的砂粒状、斑点状等呈钙化高密度影.有11名患者为侵袭型鼻窦炎,CT诊断表现为存在邻近眶底骨质的缺损,其中有4名患者甚至侵及眶内;CT影像学检查显示窦腔内存在线状钙化或者团块影,部分患者合并有局部邻近骨质的破坏.结论 真菌性鼻窦炎通过CT检查具有很强的特征性,因此利用CT影像检查能提高该类疾病的诊断率,但真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断还需要借助于真菌培养和病理检查.     

冠状位CT扫描在霉菌性鼻窦炎术前诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨冠状位CT扫描在霉菌性鼻窦炎术前诊断中的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析34例经手术病理证实的霉菌性鼻窦炎患者的冠状位CT特征.结果 单窦或单侧鼻赛发病30例,双侧鼻窭发病4例.发现病灶38个,其中34个位于上颌窦.冠状位CT表现:窦腔内均可见软组织影充填,密度不均,其中28个病灶内可见点状、结节状、团片状钙化,29个窦壁增厚及窭腔变小,8个窦壁骨质破坏.合并窦口鼻道复合体阻塞34个;合并鼻腔、鼻窦息肉7个.34例中检出各种变异76个.结论 CT诊断霉菌性鼻窦炎主要特征是窦腔内软组织影充填,其内散在钙化并窦壁增厚.冠状位CT扫描能较好地显示鼻腔鼻窦的解剖结构和病变范围,对功能性内镜手术有一定指导意义.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.