帕金森病的脑灰质体积改变的VBM研究

目的 分析帕金森病(PD)患者的全脑灰质体积的变化,探讨PD患者的脑灰质结构异常模式.方法 选取符合入组标准的46例PD患者和19例年龄、性别与之相匹配的正常对照(NC)被试者作为研究对象.46例PD患者按改良的Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y)分级标准又分为2个亚组,25例早期PD(ePD)组和21例中晚期PD(maPD)组.所有受试者在3.0T超高场磁共振仪进行常规磁共振扫描,并获取三维高分辨T1WI数据,采用VBM-DARTEL(voxel-based morphometry-diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie)方法分析比较PD组与NC组、ePD组与maPD组间的脑灰质体积差异.结果 与NC组相比,PD组双侧额叶、颞叶、岛叶、扣带回、海马、梭状回、小脑及右侧楔叶、楔前叶等脑区的灰质体积减小,全脑灰质未见体积增加.与ePD组相比,maPD组双侧额叶、颞叶、岛叶、扣带回、直回、舌回、梭状回、海马、杏仁核及小脑等脑区的灰质体积减小.结论 VBM方法客观提示了PD存在广泛的脑灰质萎缩,且随病程的进展更为显著.PD脑结构的变化存在特定的空间分布模式,可能与PD的病理基础有关.     

早期帕金森病患者脑灰质结构异常的MRI初步研究

目的:研究早期帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者全脑灰质体积异常脑区。方法:采集1.5TMRI高分辨T1WI,运用基于体素的形态学测量技术(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)对15例早期PD患者及15例健康老年人(对照组)的大脑灰质图像进行比较,并对2组数据的灰质体积差异采用国际通用的统计参数图表示。结果:早期PD患者与对照组比较,右侧部分脑区灰质体积萎缩,包括右侧颞叶中下回、枕中回、梭状回;左侧部分脑区体积增加,包括左侧楔叶、舌回、左海马旁回、梭状回、楔前叶及中央前回。结论:VBM方法能较全面、准确、定量地反映早期PD患者存在的脑灰质体积异常区域,为早期PD患者出现复杂的非运动症状提供影像学依据。     

运用VBM方法检测创伤后应激障碍患者发病前脑灰质容积的改变

目的运用基于体素的形态学方法(voxel based morphometry,VBM)分析创伤后应激障碍(posttraumaticstress disorder,PTSD)患者是否于发病前即存在脑灰质容积的改变。方法 PTSD危险人群于创伤暴露后2天内行3 T MRI全脑扫描。搜集12例最终确诊的PTSD患者及12例年龄、性别及创伤暴露与之相匹配的对照组的脑结构图像,运用基于SPM5的VBM5进行数据分析,采用双样本t检验,以P<0.001(未校正)、核团体素>35视为差异有统计学意义。结果与对照组相比,PTSD组右侧杏仁核、海马旁回、前扣带回、额上回、颞中回、颞下回,楔前叶、左侧额下回、颞上回、岛叶、中央前回及中脑的灰质容积减少,未发现PTSD组较对照组灰质容积增加的区域。结论创伤暴露初期就能探测出PTSD患者存在与情绪控制、调节及记忆等功能相关的脑灰质结构改变,推测这些改变在创伤前可能已经存在,可能是PTSD的重要致病因素之一。     

基于体素的轻度阿尔茨海默病全脑灰质MRI成像分析

目的:利用磁共振T1 WI 3D成像研究轻度阿尔茨海默病患者相对于正常老年人灰质体积改变的特点.方法:对21例轻度AD患者及18例正常老年人进行三维T1WI扫描,利用基于SPM5的DARTEL工具箱对扫描获得的结构图像进行预处理,再对轻度AD组和对照组的令脑灰质体积进行基于体素的统计学比较.结果:轻度AD组的双侧海马、海马旁回及杏仁核、双侧丘脑、双侧颞枕叶皮质、双侧顶下小叶、双侧楔前叶、左侧中央后回、右侧额下回等结构与对照组的灰质密度差异具有统计学意义[P<0.05(FDR)].结论:基于体素的形态学研究能够发现轻度AD患者中大脑灰质广泛的及细微的结构萎缩,从而能够更加早期、全面、客观地反映轻度AD患者的脑结构改变.     

椎间盘源性下腰痛患者脑灰质体积改变的MRI研究

【摘要】目的：采用MR基于体素的形态学测量（VBM）技术,探讨椎间盘源性下腰痛患者大脑灰质体积的变化。方法：2016年5月-10月对本院22例椎间盘源性下腰痛患者和22例健康志愿者行3.0T MRI扫描,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI和三维快速扰相梯度回波序列T1WI,经图像后处理及统计分析,获得两组受试者大脑灰质形态学差异的相关信息。结果：与对照组比较,下腰痛组患者大脑皮层多个脑区灰质体积减少,包括右侧额上回、左侧额内侧回、左侧直回、右侧颞上回、右侧颞中回、右侧岛叶以及右侧额下回（P＜0.001,FWEc校正）;无灰质体积增加的区域。结论：慢性椎间盘源性下腰痛可引起广泛的脑功能区灰质体积的减少,这些脑区主要涉及感觉、认知及情绪,一定程度上揭示了慢性椎间盘源性下腰痛神经系统病变的发生机制。     

海洛因依赖者脑灰质体积的VBM研究

目的探讨海洛因依赖对大脑灰质结构的作用,分析吸食海洛因总时间、吸食海洛因总量、每日吸食海洛因量等因素对脑灰质体积产生的影响。资料与方法采用MRI对17例海洛因依赖者和15名健康受试者行3D结构像扫描,所得数据用基于体素的形态学分析(voxel based morphometry,VBM)方法分析脑灰质体积,并比较两组之间的体积差异;分析脑灰质体积与吸食海洛因总时间、吸食海洛因总量、每日吸食海洛因量之间的相关关系。结果与健康被试者相比,海洛因依赖者右侧眶额回、中央前回、左侧岛叶、扣带回、枕叶舌回灰质体积减少(P<0.005);控制年龄、受教育程度、每日吸烟量后,脑灰质体积变化与使用海洛因总时间、海洛因总量、每日吸食海洛因量之间无显著相关关系。结论长期吸食海洛因导致脑灰质结构损害,主要涉及认知控制、情感、视觉控制等相关脑区。     

基于体素的形态学分析在缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中（IS）是一种严重的脑组织缺血坏死性疾病,其不同病程阶段的脑结构损伤、重塑与病人后期脑神经功能障碍的恢复及生活质量密切相关。基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)能定量分析全脑灰、白质间体积和密度的差异,在IS的病情评估、病程监测、治疗及康复方案选择等方面表现出独特优势。对VBM技术及其在IS运动功能、认知功能及卒中后抑郁研究等方面的进展进行综述。     

VBM、DTI和静息态BOLD-fMRI对重症抑郁障碍的联合研究进展

重症抑郁障碍(MDD)是一种慢性迁延、易复发的高患病率精神障碍疾病。近些年MRI结构性和功能性方向的研究逐渐揭示出MDD患者脑功能异常的模式及其解剖与病理学基础。本文就VBM、DTI和静息态BOLD-fMRI对MDD的病因和发病机制的研究做一综述。     

基于体素形态学研究烟瘾与脑改变的关系

目的：通过基于体素形态学(VBM)研究不同烟瘾吸烟者脑灰白质萎缩情况。方法采用病例对照研究,收集2013-01—2014-05经广告招募来医院就诊的53名健康吸烟者和53名健康非吸烟者。采集被试相关信息。进行3D-T1全脑结构像扫描,图像分析使用 SPM8软件的DARTEL工具包。以尼古丁依赖检验量表(FTND)评分将吸烟者分为轻中度烟瘾者(23人)和重度烟瘾者(30人),独立样本t检验比较不同烟瘾者脑灰白质体积与不吸烟者的区别。结果与对照组相比,不同烟瘾者均可见多发脑灰白质体积缩小脑区,主要在枕中回、后扣带回、小脑前叶、楔前叶、尾状体、岛叶。但轻中度烟瘾者灰白质缩小脑区数量和范围大于重度烟瘾者。结论轻中度烟瘾者的灰白质脑组织萎缩较重度烟瘾者范围增大。     

冻结步态帕金森病患者脑部结构fMRI:基于体素的形态学分析

【摘要】目的：应用MRI基于体素形态学分析方法探讨冻结步态帕金森病（PD-FOG）患者的脑微观结构变化，分析PD-FOG患者脑灰质异常区域及分布特征。方法：将临床确诊的20例PD-FOG患者和18例非冻结步态帕金森病（PD-nFOG）患者纳入研究，并纳入性别、年龄和教育程度与患者组相匹配的21例健康志愿者作为对照组（HCs）。采集所有受试者的全脑3D-T1WI数据，并应用基于体素的形态学分析方法进行后处理和分析。结果：与PD-nFOG患者相比，PD-FOG患者脑灰质体积异常减少（P<0.005）的区域包括右侧额叶（BA4、BA6）和右侧顶叶（BA3、BA40）；与HCs相比，PD-FOG患者脑灰质体积异常减少（P<0.005）的区域包括右侧额叶（BA4、BA6）、右侧顶叶（BA3、BA40）和左侧小脑（山顶、山坡、小脑扁桃体和蚓结节）。结论：PD-FOG患者不仅存在运动相关脑区（顶叶及小脑）的灰质体积异常减少，而且额叶脑灰质体积也有减少，提示PD患者发生FOG可能是运动和认知功能障碍相互影响、相互作用所导致。     

基于体素的形态测量学方法对慢性类风湿关节炎患者脑灰质的MR研究

目的 应用基于体素的形态测量学(VBM)方法分析慢性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者相对于健康志愿者脑灰质改变的特点及规律.方法 收集35例慢性RA患者和30例年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的健康对照者,使用GE Signa HDxt 1.5T超导MR扫描仪对所有受试者行高分辨率3D-T1全脑结构扫描,利用SPM 12软件的VBM 12方法对扫描图像进行预处理,对慢性RA患者和正常志愿者脑灰质体积采用双样本t检验,探讨慢性RA患者脑灰质改变的特点及其与临床指标的相关性.结果 与对照组相比,VBM结果显示慢性RA患者右侧豆状核,左侧额叶及左侧小脑后叶脑灰质减少,差异脑区脑灰质与临床指标之间无线性相关性.本研究未发现慢性RA组脑灰质比正常对照组增大的区域.结论 慢性RA患者脑灰质减小,提示RA可导致脑结构异常,VBM为评价RA脑形态学异常提供了客观的影像学依据.     

VBM-DARTEL法观察带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者脑灰质体积的形态学改变

目的 观察带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)患者全脑灰质形态学改变,探讨其形态学改变与PHN患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)及病程之间的相关性.方法 对17例PHN患者及17例正常对照的3D T1WI结构图像进行预处理,采用VBM-DARTEL法比较2组分割后的脑灰质体积,并分析脑灰质体积改变与PH患者VAS及病程之间的相关性.结果 相对于正常对照组,PHN患者脑灰质体积减小的脑区包括:双侧眶额区(眶回及直回)、左侧额下回、左侧岛叶、左侧尾状核、右侧扣带回、左侧颞上回、左侧楔叶、双侧小脑前后叶;PHN患者脑灰质体积增加的脑区包括:双侧额上回、左侧额中回、小脑蚓部、脑桥;PHN组两侧半球脑灰质体积改变不对称(左侧>右侧);PHN患者脑灰质体积异常脑区与VAS及病程之间均无相关性.结论 VBM-DARTEL法揭示PHN患者存在广泛脑灰质体积异常,这些改变可能在疼痛的形成及慢性状态维持中发挥重要作用.     

Functional and structural changes in gray matter of parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment

Background and purposeCognitive impairment is a common non-motor complication of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To investigate cognitive-related changes of gray matter (GM) structure and function in PD using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC).Materials and methodsResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and 3D-T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained from 21 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), 11 PD patients with normal cognitive function (PD-NC), and 21 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed by defining the posterior cingulated cortex (PCC) as the seed region. VBM was performed to assess patterns of GM atrophy.ResultsIn PD-NC versus HC, results indicated decreased PCC-FC in the right temporal gyrus(TG) and increased PCC-FC in the left medial temporal lobe(MTL), bilateral precuneus(Pcu), and parieto-occipital junction(POJ), as well as GM atrophy in the bilateral prefrontal-striatal circuit(pFTSC), TG and Pcu. In PD-MCI versus PD-NC, decreased PCC-FC was found in the bilateral prefrontal cortex(PFC), left POJ, and right TG. In addition, PCC-FC of the bilateral Pcu and GM volume of the left MTL, bilateral TG, and PFC were positively associated with cognitive score.ConclusionsStructural and functional damage of the PFC and temporal lobe are associated with subtle cognitive decline in PD, while functional enhancement of the MTL and POJ is involved in normal cognitive function of PD. In addition, the combined application of rs-fMRI and VBM analysis might become an effective means to investigate cognitive impairment-related GM abnormalities in PD-MCI patients prior to development of dementia.     

Evaluation of hippocampal volume based on MR imaging in patients with bipolar affective disorder applying manual and automatic segmentation techniques

Purpose:

To compare the hippocampal volumes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls, obtained by applying different segmentation methods (manual, Freesurfer [FS], and FSL).

Materials and Methods:

The study included 27 patients with BD and 40 healthy controls. T1‐weighted images in the sagittal plane were acquired on a 3 Tesla (T) MR scanner. Hippocampal volumetry was performed using one manual and two automated methods (FS and FSL). One‐way repeated analysis of variance was applied to test the differences in hippocampal volumes using the three segmentation methods. To evaluate the agreement among the three tested volumetric segmentation methods the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.

Results:

Hippocampal volumes obtained from all methods were significantly different (P < 0.05) in BD patients after intracranial volume correction, indicating a reduction in volume, unless from the manual method of the left hippocampal volume. The ICCs of the hippocampal volume between the manual method and FS were 0.846 (right) and 0.859 (left), and between the manual method and FSL were 0.746 (right) and 0.654 (left).

Conclusion:

Both manual and automatic segmentation methods detected reductions in the hippocampal volumes in BD patients. Automated segmentation methods are a robust and reproducible option for assessing hippocampal volume. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:565–572. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Diffusion anisotropy in subcortical white matter and cortical gray matter: changes with aging and the role of CSF-suppression

PURPOSE: To determine the relevance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-suppression for the measurement of diffusion anisotropy in well-localized areas of the brain, particularly the subcortical white matter (WM) within the gyri and cortical gray matter (GM), in young and elderly subjects, and to assess the changes of water diffusivity in the brain with normal aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative measures of anisotropy in 26 regions, including subcortical WM (i.e., in the gyri), cortical GM, major deep WM, and deep GM regions of young (21-25 years, N = 8) and elderly (61-74 years, N = 10) normal volunteers, were assessed with CSF-suppressed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) relative to standard DTI. RESULTS: CSF-suppressed DTI demonstrated significant increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) of 3-12% in the young and 2-14% in the elderly groups with the largest changes being in the subcortical WM of the gyri. Furthermore, FA decreased by 10-19% in the subcortical WM of the gyri of the elderly subjects relative to the young, primarily due to increases in the perpendicular diffusivity, lambda(3), with age. CONCLUSION: CSF-suppressed DTI yields more accurate measures of quantitative anisotropy in cortical and subcortical brain regions. Reductions of anisotropy with aging were predominantly observed in subcortical WM of the gyri.