应用DWI鉴别系统性淋巴瘤与淋巴结转移瘤

目的 探讨扩散加权成像(DWI)对系统性淋巴瘤与淋巴结转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 对36例系统性淋巴瘤及26例恶性肿瘤腹腔淋巴结转移患者行常规MRI及多b值的DWI.观察DWI信号强度,并测量病变淋巴结的表观扩散系数(ADC)值及指数表观扩散系数(eADC)值,应用独立样本t检验分析两种病变间的ADC值、eADC值差异.结果 淋巴瘤与淋巴结转移瘤在DWI上均呈高信号,但各b值组二者间ADC值及eADC值均存在统计学差异(P<0.05).其中b=1000 s/mm2时,其间差异最显著,淋巴瘤与淋巴结转移瘤的ADC值分别为(0.67±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s和(1.03±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,eADC值分别为(0.52±0.07)×10-2和(0.36±0.05)×10-2,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线得出鉴别二者的ADC值及eADC值的诊断阈值分别为0.834×10-3mm2/s和0.439×10-2,敏感性和特异性分别为96.2%、94.4%和91.7%、96.2%.结论 DWI的ADC值及eADC值有助于区分系统性淋巴瘤与淋巴结转移瘤.     

注射钆剂后弥散加权成像对乳腺肿瘤诊断的影响

目的：评估1.5 T MRI中乳腺肿瘤患者使用钆对比剂是否对弥散加权成像（DWI）有显著性影响。方法行乳腺MRI检查的女性患者40例（共计44个病灶）,分别测量增强前后DWI图像信噪比（SNR）和对比噪声比（CNR）、病灶增强前后的表观扩散系数（ADC）及指数表观扩散系数（eADC）。结果给药前后DWI图像的SNR及CNR差异无统计学意义。乳腺癌给药前后的ADC值（t=-4.023, P=0.001）及eADC值（t=4.082, P=0.001）差异有统计学意义,良性肿瘤给药前后的ADC值（t=-1.700, P=0.103）及eADC值（t=1.341, P=0.194）差异无统计学意义。结论增强后行DWI是可行的,并且有助于提高其鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的能力。     

ADC值在常见脑转移瘤原发灶寻找中的价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在常见脑转移瘤原发灶寻找中的价值。方法回顾性分析105例经手术病理或临床及影像随诊证实的脑转移瘤患者,其中来源于肺癌53例,乳腺癌23例,消化道肿瘤29例。分别测量肿瘤实质区及瘤周水肿区ADC值,对不同来源脑转移瘤ADC值进行统计学分析,评价其是否具有临床价值。结果肺癌脑转移瘤,乳腺癌脑转移瘤和消化道肿瘤来源脑转移瘤实质区ADC值分别为(0.693±0.120)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(0.857±0.088)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(0.782±0.150)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,三组间ADC值差异具有统计学意义(F=15.321,P0.001),两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);瘤周水肿区ADC值分别为:(1.630±0.158)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.590±0.238)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.601±0.181)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,差异无统计学意义(F=0.462,P=0.631)。结论常见脑转移瘤实质区ADC值与原发灶类型相关。因此,对于难以明确原发灶的脑转移瘤患者,可通过ADC值推测肿瘤来源,从而为临床治疗提供帮助。     

3.0T磁共振扩散张量成像对高级别脑胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨3.0T磁共振扩散张量成像参数中的各向异性分数(FA)值、表观扩散系数(ADC)值对高级别脑胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法分析经手术病理或临床随访证实15例高级别脑胶质瘤和19例脑转移瘤,术前行常规MRI扫描、增强扫描、DWI及DTI扫描,选取感兴趣区(肿瘤囊变区、肿瘤实质区、肿瘤边缘区、瘤周水肿区、肿瘤周围正常脑实质区),分别测量其ADC值及FA值,比较两种肿瘤不同部位ADC值及FA值的差异,采用t检验。结果高级别脑胶质瘤与脑转移瘤的肿瘤实质区(t=4.09,P=0.001)、肿瘤边缘区(t=3.34,P=0.002)的FA值差异显著(P<0.05)。两种肿瘤周围水肿区(t=4.79,P=0.000)的ADC值差异显著(P<0.05)。结论扩散张量成像可以作为高级别脑胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断方法。     

MR扩散加权成像对卵巢病变定性诊断的研究

目的 探讨扩散加权像(DWI)对卵巢病变的鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 73例81个病理证实的卵巢病变术前行常规MRI和DWI.比较不同性质病变囊性部分及实性部分间表观扩散系数(ADC)值及指数表观扩散系数(eADC)值差异.结果 良、恶性卵巢肿瘤间囊性部分ADC值和eADC值的鉴别诊断阈值分别为2.755×10-3 mm2/s和6.455×10-2,而实性部分ADC值和eADC值的最佳阈值分别为1.195×10-3 mm2/s和29.55×10-2.结论 DWI ADC值和eADC值有助于卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对恶性胶质瘤及脑转移瘤瘤周水肿的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对恶性胶质瘤及脑转移瘤瘤周水肿的鉴别诊断价值.资料与方法 42例恶性胶质瘤(Ⅲ级及Ⅲ级以上)和32例脑转移瘤,所有病例均行T_1WI、T_2WI、T_1WI Gd-DTPA增强扫描和DWI检查,均经病理或临床证实.分析肿瘤的边缘特征并测量瘤周近、远侧水肿带的表观扩散系数(ADC)和相对表观扩散系数(rADC).用统计分析软件SPSS 14.0分别对ADC值和rADC值进行统计学分析,统计结果均以哥x±s表示,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,P>0.05为差异无统计学意义.结果 DWI上36例恶性胶质瘤边缘毛糙,其中27例呈"晕"状改变;28例脑转移瘤边缘清楚,4例稍毛糙但无"晕"状改变.恶性胶质瘤近瘤水肿带的ADC.值及rADC值分别为(1.44±0.15)×10~(-3)mm~2/s和2.01 ±0.24,远瘤水肿带分别为(1.81±0.21)×10-3mm2/s和2.49±0.33.脑转移瘤近瘤水肿带的ADC值及rADC值分别为(1.70±0.22)×10~(-3)mm~2/s和2.43±0.44,远瘤水肿带分别为(1.81±0.18)×10~(-3)mm~2/s和2.54±0.41.恶性胶质瘤和脑转移瘤近瘤水肿带的ADC值和rADC值之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而远瘤水肿带间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.1);恶性胶质瘤近、远瘤水肿带的ADC值和rADC值之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);脑转移瘤近、远瘤水肿带的ADC值和rADC值之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.1).结论 在DWI上,恶性胶质瘤和脑转移瘤瘤周近、远侧水肿带的ADC值及rADC值的统计学分析以及它们的边缘特征对两者的鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

磁共振扩散加权成像的ADC值和eADC值对评价肝细胞癌生物学行为的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值和指数化表观扩散系数(exponential apparent diffusion coefficient,eADC)值等与肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的临床和病理特征之间的关系.方法 选取行手术切除并经病理证实的HCC病例46例,手术前行DWI扫描,并计算低(100 s/mm2、200 s/mm2和300 s/mm2)、中(400 s/mm2和600 s/mm2)和高(800 s/mm2、1000 s/mm2和1200 s/mm2)b值时病灶边缘的ADC值和eADC值,然后根据低、高b值时ADC和eADC值的差异计算灌注ADC和eADC值.临床资料记录患者的甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、病灶大小、病理分级、有无包膜、肝硬化、腹腔积液、门静脉癌栓及周围子灶等情况.将DWI测量参数与以上临床和病理特征进行对照分析.结果 ADC值随b值增加逐渐下降,而eADC值则逐渐增加.在腹腔积液组,中、高b值时的ADC值均大于无腹腔积液组,而高b值时的eADC值及灌注eADC值则相反(P＜0.05).在有、无肝硬化组,灌注ADC值分别为(1.36 ±0.38)×10-3mm2/s、(1.89 ±0.46)×10-3mm2/s;在AFP阳、阴性组,灌注eADC值分别为0.25±0.06、0.18±0.05;在有、无门静脉癌栓组,灌注ADC值分别为(1.17 ±0.16)× 10-3mm2/s、(1.46 ±0.36)×10-3mm2/s,均分别具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).各ADC及eADC测量值在病理分级、病灶大小、有无肝癌周边子灶及包膜之间无差异(P＞0.05).结论 灌注ADC和eADC值可在一定程度上对HCC的生物学行为进行无创性评估,有一定的临床价值.     

ADC值及eADC值在卵巢肿瘤定性诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨DWI中的ADC值及指数化表观扩散系数(eADC)值在卵巢肿瘤定性诊断中的应用价值。方法 :收集行MRI检查并经手术病理证实的65例卵巢癌患者,另选择卵巢良性肿瘤48例,比较2组的ADC值及eADC值。结果:65例卵巢癌的ADC值为(1.115±0.250)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,eADC值为(0.475±0.110) mm~2/s;48例卵巢良性肿瘤的ADC值为(1.673±0.310)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,eADC值为(0.271±0.150) mm~2/s。结论:卵巢癌与卵巢良性肿瘤的ADC值及eADC值差异有统计学意义,结合两者常规序列的MRI表现,可作出相对准确的诊断。     

3.0 T磁共振扩散加权成像及表观扩散系数在淋巴瘤诊断及随访中的应用价值

目的 观察恶性淋巴瘤的扩散加权成像(DWI)特征及表观扩散系数(ADC)值在治疗前后的变化,探讨 DWI及ADC值在淋巴瘤诊断和随访中的应用价值.资料与方法 恶性淋巴瘤初发患者15例,男8例,女7例,平均年龄48.7岁.其中10例化疗后进行复查;健康志愿者10名,男5名,女5名,平均年龄48.4岁.在3.0 T MRI上行常规MRI及DWI检查.在ADC图上分别测量恶性淋巴瘤患者及健康志愿者颈部淋巴结的ADC值.10例复查患者在初次检查相一致部位再次测量淋巴结的ADC值,并进行前后对比,同时与健康志愿者进行比较.采用PSS 11.0统计软件,对淋巴瘤患者及正常对照组淋巴结的ADC值进行独立样本的t检验.结果 DWI与常规T2WI脂肪抑制序列比较,DWI能更敏感、直观地显示淋巴结.15例恶性淋巴瘤患者平均ADC值(753.33±31.28)×10-3 mm2/s,化疗后复查,平均ADC值(1088.32±51.28)×10-3 mm2/s.化疗前后ADC值差异有统计学意义(t=5.79,P＜0.05).健康志愿者颈部淋巴结平均ADC值(1264.20±71.60)×10-3 mm2/s.15例淋巴瘤患者治疗前ADC值与健康志愿者差异有统计学意义(t=6.53,P＜0.05),治疗后ADC值与正常人差异无统计学意义(t=1.97,P＞0.05).结论 3.0 T磁共振DWI及ADC值测量为淋巴瘤的诊断及疗效的观察提供了有价值的信息.     

扩散加权成像在慢性血吸虫肝病中的应用价值

目的研究DWI不同b值的表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值、指数化表观扩散系数(exponential apparent diffusion coefficient,eADC)值、灌注ADC值、灌注eADC值在慢性血吸虫肝病中的应用价值。方法对经临床及病理证实的慢性血吸虫肝病患者35例和无肝病组38例行常规肝脏MR检查后,进行DWI扫描,设b值为0,50、600s/mm~2,测量肝ROI得到ADC值和eADC值,并计算出灌注ADC值和灌注eADC值,将其数据与病理结果进行对照分析。结果慢性血吸虫肝病组的ADC值及灌注ADC值较无肝病组低,而eADC值较无肝病组高,且均有统计学意义(P0.01);慢性血吸虫肝病组灌注eADC值与无肝病组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。慢性血吸虫肝病组表现为不同程度的纤维组织增生和假小叶形成,均可见虫卵纤维化及钙化结节。结论扩散加权成像对诊断慢性血吸虫肝病有重要价值。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.