MRI联合CT对卵巢性索间质肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI联合CT对卵巢性索间质肿瘤(OSCST)的诊断价值.方法 收集手术病理证实的OSCST 29例,回顾性分析CT和MRI影像特征.结果 纤维卵泡膜细胞瘤19例,均为单发界清、类圆形肿块,实性12例(63.1％),囊实性7例(36.9％),CT显示钙化2例,T1WI呈等信号,T2 WI呈低或稍高信号,轻度强化.颗粒细胞瘤9例,均为单发囊实性肿块,壁厚,无壁结节,轻度强化.支持间质细胞瘤1例,单发实性肿块,T1WI呈稍高信号,T2 WI呈较高信号,明显强化.结论 OSCST的CT及MRI表现有一定的特征性,二者结合有助于提高诊断准确性.     

3.0T MRI对四肢神经鞘瘤的诊断价值(附12例报告)

目的 分析3.0 T MRI对四肢神经鞘瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术和病理证实的四肢神经鞘瘤病例资料,12例行MRI平扫,6例行MRI增强.总结四肢神经鞘瘤的MRI表现.结果 病灶位于大腿5例,小腿后部1例,踝关节后部1例,前臂2例,肘部1例,上臂1例,手掌1例.单发10例,多发2例,12例共14个病灶.14个病灶均位于四肢肌间神经血管束走行区内,表现为沿神经干走行的梭形或椭圆形肿块(14/14),“靶征”(12/14),“神经出入征”(12/14),“脂肪分离征”及“脂肪尾征”(14/14).T1WI病灶呈等或稍高信号.T2 WI呈不均匀高信号,12个病灶见靶征.增强后4个病灶见靶征；2个病灶不均匀强化；1例呈环状强化.14个病灶均包膜完整.结论 沿神经干走行的梭形或椭圆形肿块、“神经出入征”、“靶征”、“脂肪分离征”和“脂肪尾征”是MRI四肢神经鞘瘤的特征性表现,MRI对四肢神经鞘瘤的诊断和治疗具有重要价值,是四肢神经鞘瘤的首选检查方法.     

脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的MRI表现

目的 探讨脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化(SANT)的MRI特征.方法 回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的脾脏SANT患者的MRI资料,总结其影像特征.10例均行MR平扫及多期增强扫描,其中7例行扩散加权成像(DWI)及双回波同反相位磁共振成像(IP/OP).结果 (1)单发9例,均为类圆形肿块,4例(44.4％)见假包膜;T1WI呈等或低信号;T2WI呈不均匀低信号8例(88.9％),不均匀稍高信号1例(11.1％);动态增强扫描均为向心性、渐进性强化,其中辐条轮状强化7例(77.8％),明显结节样强化2例(22.2％),延迟期呈等或高信号,内均见裂隙;7例DWI检查中,低信号6例(85.7％),等信号1例(14.3％);病灶内出血2例(22.2％),均未见坏死囊变.(2)多发1例,表现为脾内弥漫分布的类圆形小结节(＞10个),T1WI均为等信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描渐进性强化.结论 单发脾SANT的MRI表现有一定的特征性,特别是病灶周围假包膜有助于本病的诊断;多发SANT与脾脏其他脉管性肿瘤鉴别困难.     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现特征

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HEA)的CT、MRI表现特征,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例肝脏HEA患者的CT、MRI资料,其中4例接受CT平扫+增强扫描,2例接受MRI平扫+增强扫描,2例接受CT、MRI平扫+增强扫描.结果 8例患者中,7例为女性,均为单发病灶,病灶最大径42～68 mm,边界均清楚.6例CT表现稍低密度,其中1例可见脂肪密度,2例片状低密度囊变区.4例病灶MRI表现为T1 WI呈稍低信号,1例在反相位可见信号减低,T2 WI呈稍高、高信号.8例增强扫描,7例动脉期明显不均匀强化,5例呈"快进慢出",2例呈"快进快出",1例呈"延迟强化".6例增强扫描见"中心血管征",2例见不完整假包膜.结论 HEA影像表现具有一定特征,动脉期明显不均匀强化、中心血管征、"快进慢出"强化方式及无假包膜表现有助于提示诊断,其确诊仍有赖于组织病理学及免疫组化检查.     

体部表皮样囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 表现

目的：探讨体部表皮样囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 影像特征。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的78例患者共81个病灶的临床、影像及病理资料,其中75例行 CT 扫描,17例行 MRI 检查。结果75例单发,3例多发。病灶主要发生于头面部(26/78)和躯干部(37/78),其次为四肢(14/78),盆部(3/78)和腹膜后(1/78)者较少。53例56个病灶(69.1%)CT 图像表现为类圆形或椭圆形囊性低密度肿块,囊壁菲薄,无强化,MRI 图像上 T1 WI 呈低信号或等低信号、T2 WI 呈高信号影,DWI 呈高信号。25例(30.9%) CT 表现不典型,其中囊壁增厚并强化者15例,呈片状软组织密度影者5例,呈高密度结节者3例,呈完全钙化者2例。结论典型体部表皮样囊肿影像表现具有明显特征性,CT 及 MRI 能够反映病灶炎症、感染、钙化等病理变化,有助于加深对体部表皮样囊肿少见征象的认识。     

节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨CT和MRI在诊断节细胞神经瘤中的价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经病理证实的节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI影像学表现及临床资料,其中15例行CT增强扫描,4例行MRI扫描(3例增强).结果 所有病灶均为单发.1例位于颈部,7例位于后纵隔,3例位于腹膜后间隙,8例位于肾上腺.边界均清楚,形态多呈椭圆形或不规则形.CT平扫呈均匀或不均匀低密度,动脉期无明显强化,静脉期呈渐进性不均匀强化.4例病灶内见斑点状、结节状钙化.MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI不均匀高信号为主,增强后不强化或轻度强化.2例病灶内呈现"漩涡征".结论 节细胞神经瘤的生长方式及影像学表现具有一定的特征性,CT延迟增强及MRI扫描对其诊断和鉴别诊断有很大的价值.     

腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI特点

目的 探讨腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的CT和MRI的影像特点(6例CT检查,3例MR检查).9例中男4例,女5例,中位年龄58岁(40～79岁).对肿瘤的部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号及强化形式进行分析.结果 9例患者均为单发肿瘤,8例位于腮腺浅叶,1例位于腮腺深叶.9个肿瘤中7个为类圆形,无分叶;2个为长椭圆形,有浅分叶.9个肿瘤边缘均光滑清楚;MR检查3例,2个肿瘤周边见T2wI低信号的包膜,1个肿瘤周边见一较薄的T2WI高信号环.3个肿瘤MRI均表现为长T1、短T2信号,增强后呈不均匀轻、中度强化,内见裂隙样、小片状低信号,并出现延迟强化,1例见壁结节;CT检查6例,平扫肿瘤均表现为低密度,其中4个肿瘤CT强化共同特点均为薄壁环形强化,且有大小不等的壁结节,肇结节呈中～重度强化(平均CT值增加为65.5 HU),另外2个呈均匀中度强化.结论 老年女性患者腮腺浅叶内单发边界清楚病灶,CT增强表现为薄壁环形强化且有壁结节,MRI表现为长T1、短T2信号,强化内见裂隙样、小片状低信号且出现延迟强化,要考虑基底细胞腺瘤的可能.     

儿童不典型肾上腺肿瘤的影像学分析

目的 分析7例儿童不典型的肾上腺肿瘤的CT和MRI表现,以提高对儿童肾上腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断水平. 资料与方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的儿童肾上腺肿瘤7例,复习其CT和MRI表现并与手术病理对照分析.结果 Ⅰ级神经母细胞瘤1例,CT表现为均匀稍低密度肿块;单纯肾上腺囊肿1例,表现为均匀低密度囊性肿块,无强化;囊肿伴出血1例,囊壁嗜铬母细胞增生,表现为T1WI及T2WI高信号,增强后囊壁环形强化;肾上腺髓外造血1例,表现为均匀低密度肿块,轻度强化;皮质腺瘤1例,表现为均匀软组织密度肿块,增强后动脉期明显强化,静脉期强化减弱;肾上腺皮质癌2例,1例密度不均匀,增强后肿瘤实性成分强化持续时间较长,另1例MRI表现为轻度均匀强化.结论 除单纯囊肿外,儿童肾上腺肿瘤影像学表现缺乏特异性,确诊需与临床及病理结合.     

盆部孤立性纤维瘤的影像学表现与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨盆部孤立性纤维瘤(PSFT)的CT及MRI特点,以提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的PSFT的CT、MRI表现,并与病理对照.结果 6例中3例位于直肠膀胱间隙,直肠右旁间隙、骶骨前间隙、右侧腹股沟区各1例.3例病灶单发,3例多发.5例边界清楚,1例不清.肿块呈分叶状3例,圆形/椭圆形2例,不规则形1例.平均最大径约14.7 cm(4.9～35 cm).CT平扫密度不均匀伴有斑片状低密度区,未见钙化、出血.MRI T1WI呈等信号,2例T2WI呈稍高信号,1例呈高信号,2例散在长T1、长T2信号区,病灶内及周围见点线状血管流空信号.3例增强扫描动脉期明显不均匀强化,瘤内及周围见增粗血管强化;静脉期和延迟期呈进行性或持续强化,且强化范围扩大,内有斑片状无强化区.结论 当盆部病变表现为单发或多发肿块,边界清楚,密度或信号不均匀,特别是增强后动脉期明显不均匀强化、静脉期和延迟期持续强化时,应考虑到PSFT的可能.     

混合型肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(hepatic angiomyolipoma,HAML)CT和MRI的诊断价值.资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的8例肝脏HAML的CT和MRI表现.8例均行CT平扫和多时相动态增强扫描,其中4例同时行MRI平扫和多时相动态增强扫描.结果 8例均为单发混合型HAML,CT平扫均表现为低于周围正常肝组织的混杂低密度,灶内含有不同程度的脂肪密度,CT值-40～40HU.4例MRI平扫表现为稍长T1(含短T1)、稍长T2混杂信号,T1WI上高信号在使用脂肪抑制技术后完全消失.CT与MRI多时相动态增强扫描显示动脉期病灶均呈显著不均匀强化,门静脉期6例CT、3例MRI病灶呈持续或渐进性中重度强化,高于周围正常肝实质,2例CT、1例MRI病灶轻中度强化;3例HAML见假包膜,且在门静脉期及延迟期有轻度强化.结论 CT和MRI能显示混合型HAML的特征性表现并可在术前做出准确诊断.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.