维吾尔族儿童口腔白色念珠菌的检测及与龋病的关系初探

目的:研究乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族不同龋敏感性儿童及不同性别儿童牙菌斑和唾液中白色念珠菌检出差异性,并探讨其与龋病的相关性。方法:选择新疆乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族3~5岁儿童104名,通过唾液法与菌斑法采集样本,用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基进行口腔白色念珠菌分离培养,生化及PCR分子生物学鉴定。结果:51例高龋组中菌斑法、唾液法得到的白色念珠菌的检出率分别为47.1%和27.5%(P<0.05),53例无龋组中分别为3.8%和1.9%(P>0.05),高龋组白色念珠菌的检出率高于无龋组(P=0.000);维吾尔族男、女口腔白色念珠菌的检出无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:口腔白色念珠菌可能是维吾尔族幼儿龋病的危险因素且与性别无关。     

先天性心脏病儿童牙菌斑中白色念珠菌的携带情况

目的：研究先天性心脏病儿童牙菌斑中白色念珠菌的携带情况。方法：根据WHO龋齿诊断标准,以115名2～5岁的先心病儿童作为研究对象,其中有龋组86人,无龋组29人,同时选取115例健康儿童为对照组,临床检查记录龋失补牙数（dmft）、龋失补牙面数（dmfs）及可视菌斑指数（VPI）;采集龈上菌斑及龋坏组织,应用SYBR green I荧光定量PCR方法,对各组样本中白色念珠菌含量进行检测,所获得的数据进行统计学分析。结果：先心病组患龋率为74．8％,dmft、dmfs及VPI分别为5．69±5．69、11．83±15．14、43．8％±24．1％;对照组受检儿童患龋率为67．0％,dmft、dmfs、VPI分别为3．53±4．02、5．51±7．40、36．5％±24．1％。两组dmft,dmfs,VPI的差异有统计学意义。儿童牙菌斑中白色念珠菌的含量（Log10 copies/mL）,先心病有龋组龋洞和牙颈部分别为6．71±2．92、5．64±3．11,无龋组为5．03±2．74;正常儿童有龋组龋洞和牙颈部分别为4．01±2．35、3．27±2．14,无龋组为3．43±2．56。先心病儿童与正常儿童牙菌斑中白色念珠菌含量差异具有统计学意义。结论：先心病儿童牙菌斑中白色念珠菌的含量高于正常儿童。口腔中的白色念珠菌,可能成为感染性心内膜炎的菌源之一,使先心病儿童成为感染心内膜炎的易感人群。     

配戴可摘义齿对口腔白色念珠菌的检出及基因分型的影响

目的：研究配戴活动义齿患者口腔中自色念珠菌的检出及基因分型。方法：研究对象共56例,分两组：实验组30例和对照组26例。含漱液浓缩法取样,CHROMagar Candida鉴定培养基分离鉴定白色念珠菌,PCR（聚合酶链式反应polymerase chain reaction,PCR）方法鉴定并进行基因分型,PCR产物经测序验证。结果：实验组与对照组白色念珠菌的基因型均以A型为主,其检出率分别为46．67％,7．69％,两组间差异有显著性。年龄大于60岁的患者及配戴义齿时间长于10年的患者,白色念珠菌及其它念珠菌的检出率显著增高。结论：配戴活动义齿影响口腔白色念珠菌的检出。     

母子口腔中变形链球菌基因型的对照研究

目的：分析高龋、无龋儿童及其母亲口腔中变形链球菌（S．mutans）菌株的基因型，探讨S．mutans基因型与致龋活性的关系。方法：试剂盒法提取细菌染色体DNA，对20名儿童（高龋组10名，无龋组10名）及其母亲的共800株S．mutans临床分离株进行AP—PCR基因型分析。结果：高龋儿童携带的S．mutans基因型数目多于无龋儿童（P〈0．05），高龋儿童的母亲携带的S．mutans基因型数目显著多于无龋儿童的母亲（P〈0．01），高龋儿童母亲的DMFT值显著高于无龋儿童母亲（P〈0．01），高龋组和无龋组的共有基因型数目无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：高龋个体比无龋个体携带更多的S．mutans基因型，个体携带的S．mutnm基因型数目与其致龋活性有关。     

新疆维吾尔族和汉族儿童龋病与人类白细胞抗原-DQB1等位基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DQB1等位基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族和汉族儿童龋病的相关性。方法 采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）DNA分型技术对新疆维吾尔族和汉族高龋儿童及健康无龋儿童（n=40）进行HLA-DQB1基因分型,研究HLA-DQB1基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族和汉族儿童龋病的相关性。结果 维吾尔族与汉族儿童在HLA-DQB1座位均检出5个特异性基因位点。汉族高龋组患者HLA-DQB1*02等位基因频率（12.5%）显著低于对照组（32.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05,OR=0.297）;维吾尔族高龋组患者HLA-DQB1*05等位基因频率（37.5%）显著高于对照组（17.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05,OR=2.829）。结论 新疆维吾尔族和汉族儿童龋病与HLA-DQB1等位基因多态性具有一定的相关性;HLA-DQB1*02基因可能是新疆汉族儿童龋病的保护因子;而HLA-DQB1*05等位基因是新疆维吾尔族儿童龋病的易感基因。     

免疫抑制剂对口腔白色念珠菌的分布及基因分型的影响

目的:研究服用免疫抑制剂患者口腔中白色念珠菌的分布及基因分型。方法:含漱液浓缩法取样,CHROM agar Cand ida鉴定培养基分离鉴定,PCR方法鉴定白色念珠菌和基因分型,PCR结果测序验证。结果:实验组白色念珠菌的检出率为20%,对照组7.69%,差异有显著性,实验组中多种念珠菌共存的现象多见。对照组白色念珠菌基因型以A型为主,实验组白色念珠菌基因型呈多态性。结论:长期服用免疫抑制剂影响口腔念珠菌及不同基因型白色念珠菌的检出。     

高龋者口腔中c血清型变形链球菌的基因组指纹分析

目的：确定高龋者口腔中c血清型变形链球菌的基因型分布。方法：从20例高龋者口腔中分离出c血清型变形链球菌，采用chelex法提取细菌染色体DNA，通过AP—PCR进行临床分离株的基因组指纹分析。结果：共分离获得了87株c血清型变形链球菌，不同个体所携带的变形链球菌临床分离株的基因型不同，同一个体可携带不同基因型的c血清型变形链球菌，26．7％的高龋者携带1种基因型，60．0％携带2种基因型，13．3％携带3种基因型。结论：大多数高龋者口腔中定植有2种或2种以上基因型c血清型变形链球菌。     

各年龄段儿童口腔中念珠菌的分布研究

目的 研究以白色念珠菌为代表的念珠菌群在不同年龄阶段儿童口腔中的分布情况。方法 对4个不同年龄阶段的儿童口腔中的念珠菌群进行研究，颊黏膜拭子取样，鉴定培养基培养鉴定，比较培养法和PCR法对其中一组样本的白色念珠菌检出率的影响。结果念珠菌的检出率分别是：新生儿7．5％，乳牙列儿童组70％，混合牙列儿童组56．36％，恒牙列儿童组49．12％；白色念珠菌的比例各有不同，PCR方法比培养法更加敏感。结论 各个年龄阶段儿童口腔中均有念珠菌的检出，但检出率不同，白色念珠菌是主要成分。     

萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓患者不同基因型白色念珠菌的药敏研究

目的:对萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓不同基因型白色念珠菌进行药物敏感性研究,为临床有效治疗萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓白色念珠菌感染提供依据。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对101株萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓白色念珠菌进行基因分型,然后采用微量稀释法测定白色念珠菌不同基因型对4种临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行χ2检验。结果:101株白色念珠菌中,A型39株,B型17株,C型45株。A型对5-氟胞嘧啶耐药率显著高于B、C型(P<0.05);B型对氟康唑耐药率显著高于A型(P<0.05);C型对伊曲康唑耐药率显著高于A型(P<0.05);B、C型均未出现制霉菌素耐药株,A、B、C型对制霉菌素的耐药率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓白色念珠菌不同基因型对抗真菌药物的耐药性有差异,治疗时应根据基因分型和药敏试验结果合理选用抗真菌药物。治疗萎缩糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓伴发白色念珠菌感染时,制霉菌素的临床价值应该引起充分重视。     

口腔白色念珠菌病95 例临床分析及治疗体会

目的：探讨口腔白色念珠菌病的发病原因，提出初步治疗和预防措施。方法：对95例口腔白色念珠菌患者进行分型，并采用氟康唑、多抗甲素等药物对各型口腔念珠菌病患者进行综合治疗，观察其疗效；同时进行真菌学学涂片镜检，了解所用药物对白色念珠菌的清除情况。结果：综合治疗后，白色念珠菌病患者治愈率为35．79％，好转率为57．89％；白色珠菌清除率为80．59％。结论：白色念珠菌为条件致病菌，在全身或局部因素诱导下容易发病，氟康唑等药物能有效治疗口腔白色念珠菌病。     

Oral colonization by Candida species in AIDS pediatric patients

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of factors associated with oral colonization by Candida spp. in pediatric patients with AIDS. The sample comprised of 117 children. Clinical status, medicines in use, and laboratory findings were obtained from hospital records; sociodemographic data were given by relatives. A dental examination assessed the prevalence of dental caries. The prevalence of oral colonization by Candida was 62%. Only seven children presented clinical manifestation of oral candidosis despite their high viral load index and low-for-age CD4 count. Candida colonization was directly associated with frequent use of antibiotics (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.44), sulfa drugs (PR = 1.23), alteration in the oral mucosa (PR = 1.55), and untreated dental caries (PR = 1.93). It was inversely associated with the use of antiretroviral therapies (PR = 0.65). Candida albicans was the most frequently detected species (80%); phenotypic tests did not detect C. dubliniensis strains. This study observed a low prevalence of Candida-related oral lesions in these patients, which is compatible with the hypothesis that antiretroviral medicines may have contributed to reducing oral manifestations from Candida infection. The high prevalence of Candida colonization in HIV+/AIDS children with untreated dental caries reinforces the importance of oral health care in interdisciplinary health units that assist these patients.     

龋病与口腔白色念珠菌家族传播的相关性研究

目的探讨龋病与口腔白色念珠菌家族传播的关系。方法2007年10月至2008年3月间采集35个家庭(119个样本)口腔牙菌斑,用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)检测白色念珠菌基因型,并记录龋失补(DMFT)指数。结果18个家庭(18/35,51.4%)、34个样本(34/119,28.6%)中检出白色念珠菌,其中11个家庭存在家族传播(11/18,61.1%)。呈垂直传播、垂直-水平传播和水平传播的白色念珠菌基因型一致率分别为0(0/5),66.7%(2/3),66.7%(2/3),差异有统计学意义(x2=26.571,P<0.01)。念珠菌感染与DMFT指数无显著相关(P>0.05)。结论口腔白色念珠菌的传播呈明显的基因多态性,念珠菌感染与龋病无显著相关。     

Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries

AimCandida albicans causes a wide range of infections in the oral mucosa, especially candidiasis. A strong association has been found between C. albicans and dental caries. In this study, we investigated the presence and genotypic distribution of C. albicans in the dental biofilm of Chinese children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).DesignDental biofilm samples were collected from 41 Chinese children (21 children with S-ECC and 20 children without caries) aged 3–6 years. Samples collected were cultured in CHROMagar Candida (CA) medium. Cellular DNA of typical C. albicans isolates in the CA medium was isolated, and PCR using primers reported to span a transposable intron region in the 25S rRNA gene was performed to determine genotypic subgroups.ResultsC. albicans was detected in 57.1% of individuals with S-ECC. Additionally, three genotypic subgroups of C. albicans (genotypes A, B, and C) were found in children with S-ECC, and genotype A was dominant.ConclusionsC. albicans is an important component of dental biofilm associated with S-ECC, and C. albicans genotypic subgroup A is the dominant strain in the dental biofilm of children with S-ECC.     

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??Dental caries and familial transmission of oral Candida albicans. WU Fei??GONG Yan-bing, ZHANG Zhong-lin, WANG Mei-hui??JIANG Yong??ZHENG Jian-ling. Vocational Technology College of Liaoning Univercity of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110101, China Abstract?? Objective To explore the relationship between dental caries and the familial transmission of oral Candida albicans. Methods A total of 35 families (119 samples) dental plaque samples were collected. PCR ITS1-ITS2 method was preformed for identification of Candida albicans genotype. Analyze familial transmission and DMFT. Results A total of 34 samples(34??119??28.6%)in 18 families (18??35??51.4%) were found to be Candida albicans carriers, 11 families??11??18??61.1%?? showed familial transmission. The similar rate of Candida albicans genotypes in family was 0??0??5??in vertical transmission??mother??father to baby????66.7%??2??3??in vertical-horizontal transmission??66.7%??2??3?? in horizontal transmission. The difference was statistically significant in Candida albicans genetype morphology of family transmission ??x2 = 26.571, P<0.01??. The correlation between Candida albicans infection and dental caries was not statistically significant. Conclusion Candida albicans genotype shows significant polymorphism in familial transmission. The correlation between Candida albicans infection and dental caries is not statistically significant.     

Oral candidal carriage in children with and without dental caries.

OBJECTIVES: An epidemiologic study of 213 healthy children was carried out in 2 age groups (4 to 6 and 7 to 12 years) to determine the potential relationships between oral Candida and dental status. METHOD AND MATERIALS: For each child included, a dental examination and mycologic investigation were conducted. The dental examination determined the index values for decayed and filled primary teeth (df-t) and decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMF-T). RESULTS: In the 4- to 6-year age group, the frequency of oral Candida in children with moderate and high df-t indexes was statistically higher than in caries-free children. By comparison, in the 7- to 12-year age group, high frequency of Candida was observed only in children with high dental indexes (both df-t and DMF-T), but it was not significant. Generally, the intensity of candidal carriage in Candida-positive children was low, and it was not varied as a function of dental caries. Candida albicans was more frequently isolated, and it was the only species present in caries-free children. Other identified species were observed in children with different values of dental indexes. CONCLUSIONS: Mycologic examination may constitute a contributory role for epidemiologic studies of dental caries, especially in children under 7 years of age.     

口腔白色念珠菌与龋病流行因素的相关性分析

目的研究口腔白色念珠菌与龋病流行因素的关系。方法采集119名受检者的口腔牙菌斑,并记录其龋失补指数、年龄、性别、学历、吸烟、饮酒、义齿修复情况。聚合酶链反应法检测白色念珠菌、变形链球菌和发酵乳酸杆菌,计算其阳性率,分析其与龋病流行因素的关系。结果 34名受检者检出白色念珠菌阳性。白色念珠菌阳性者龋均为4.65,患龋率为79.4%（27/34）;阴性者龋均为为3.60,患龋率为68.2%（58/85）,白色念珠菌阳性与龋失补指数呈正相关（r=0.164,P=0.040）。白色念珠菌阳性者的变形链球菌检出率为47.1%（16/34）,阴性者检出率为68.2%（58/85）,差异有统计学意义,白色念珠菌阳性与变形链球菌检出率呈负相关（r=-0.197,P=0.032）。白色念珠菌阳性者中,变形链球菌阳性率高于乳酸杆菌阳性率,分别为47.1%（16/34）和14.7%（5/34）,差异有统计学意义。白色念珠菌阳性与发酵乳酸杆菌、年龄、性别、学历、吸烟、饮酒、义齿均无显著相关（P〉0.05）。结论口腔白色念珠菌可能为龋病的致病因素之一,与变形链球菌可能有拮抗作用。     

喀什市3~5岁维吾尔族儿童婴幼儿龋相关因素的主成分分析

目的:应用主成分Logistic回归分析法研究喀什市3~5岁维吾尔族儿童口腔龋病与白色念珠菌检出情况及危险因素的相关性。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方式随机抽取喀什市397名3～5岁维吾尔族健康儿童作为研究对象,对其进行口腔检查及采集牙菌斑,通过分离纯化培养及聚合酶链反应检测白色念珠菌检出情况。同时采用问卷调查家长对儿童的喂养方式、饮食习惯等。对白色念珠菌的检出情况,是否长期使用奶瓶、是否经常吃零食等20个婴幼儿龋病相关危险因素,采用方差极大正交旋转法进行主成分Logistic回归分析。结果:主成分分析结果显示特征值大于1的因子数目有7 个,分别为:细菌因素、喂养/饮食习惯和家族史因子、宿主因素作用因子、口腔卫生习惯作用因子、社会经济背景作用因子、牙周状况作用因子、使用牙线、和性别因子,对总方差的累积贡献率为70.027%。经Logistic回归分析得出牙周状况和性别无统计学意义,其他因子均与婴幼儿龋病密切相关。结论:喀什市儿童龋病的发生是由多种因素共同作用的结果,除宿主自身因素、饮食习惯等因素外,白色念珠菌的检出也与龋病密切相关。运用主成分分析法构建的综合评价模型可以消除原始变量间的信息重叠,精简数据,客观、合理、综合地评价婴幼儿龋病危险因素的相关性,为当地儿童龋病的防治提供理论依据。     

Frequency, species and molecular characterization of oral Candida in hosts of different age in China

INTRODUCTION: Research indicates that host age is a determining factor in yeast carriage. From the neonatal period, humans go through several dentition periods, and the emergence and substitution of teeth and changes in living habits greatly change the environment of the oral cavity, and therefore influence colonization by oral commensal organisms, certainly including Candida spp. No previous study of Candida carriage by different age groups divided by dentition has been reported. This study supplies data on the geographical specificity of C. albicans genotypic subgroup distribution. METHODS: All test individuals came from a single geographical locale over a short period. Following mucosal swab sampling, CHROMagar Candida-yeast differential media were used to determine the frequency of carriage and species. All C. albicans strains were confirmed by PCR and PCR using primers reported to span a transposable intron region in the 25S rRNA gene was used to determine genotypic subgroups. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that for the tested population, the frequency of Candida species and the distribution of C. albicans genotypic subgroups varied with age group. With increasing age, the frequency of C. albicans decreases, non-C. albicans yeasts increases; Genotypic subgroup A is the dominating strain in the oral cavities of healthy young individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of dentition substitution on oral yeast carriage was minor.     

Prevalence of Candida albicans in oral cavities and root canals of children

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of C. albicans in the oral cavities and root canals of children. Twenty healthy and caries-free children and 13 children with caries, were screened. Imprint samples and sterile paper points were used to obtain the samples from oral cavities and root canals respectively. The production of germ tubes and the development of chlamydospores identified yeast cultures. Sixty-nine percent of children with caries and 5% of caries-free children were found to be Candida carriers. The difference in candidal prevalence between two groups was significant (p < 0.05). Sixty-one point five percent of children were positive for Candida in the root canal. Since, increase in the C. albicans in the oral cavity provides a potential source of the fungus particularly when resistance falls below a certain threshold, attention to strategies for the reduction of this pervasive and persistent pathogen becomes important. Therefore, reduction of caries and or introduction of antifungal agents during root canal treatment of children may be offered.