腹腔镜下括约肌切开胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 报道腹腔镜下括约肌切开(Heller术)胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症l例，手术190min，失血50ml，术后l周食管形态恢复正常，无残余食物，术后1月食管静息压和残余压基本正常，松弛率升高，自发性蠕动和逆蠕动消失，随访6月，症状无反复。     

改良三孔法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失迟缓症的效果及优势。方法回顾性分析我院2006年7月～2011年10月完成的26例腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠术的临床资料。手术采用三孔法,术中使用自制简易拉钩,行Heller肌切开联合Dor胃底折叠,观察术中及术后相关指标并随访。结果所有手术均获得成功,无中转开腹,手术时间65—260min,平均110．6rain。出血量25～100ml,平均53．2ml。术后住院时间3～7d,平均5．8d。1例术中食管黏膜破裂,修补后无食管漏。术后随访18～72个月,平均34．7月,无复发,饮食无明显不适。结论三孑L法腹腔镜下Heller肌切开联合胃底折叠治疗贲门失弛缓症具有手术部位显露效果好,创伤小,恢复快,治疗效果确切,安全,并发症少等优点,术后病人腹部美观,是治疗贲门失弛缓症的良好微创途径。     

Heller术附加胃底前壁黏膜折叠覆盖治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的探讨Heller术附加胃底前壁黏膜折叠覆盖治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床效果。方法切除食管下段肌层周径1/2~2/3及胃底前壁浆肌层,上至狭窄部上方3~4cm,下方至胃底前壁4~6cm;然后以贲门部为轴线折叠覆盖,将食管肌层与胃浆肌层边缘缝合。结果折叠后抗反流活瓣形成,全部患者吞咽顺利,无反流性食管炎发生。随访2~8年,21例患者均能进普通饮食,无吞咽不适及哽噎,并能正常生活及劳动。结论Heller术附加胃底前壁黏膜折叠覆盖治疗贲门失弛缓症效果良好。     

经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法及其优势。方法:经腹腔镜行食管贲门括约肌切开术(改良Heller手术)加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症1例。结果:手术顺利,手术时间140m in,术中出血量30m l。患者术后第3天进软食无异常后出院。术后3个月食管下括约肌(LES)残留压、松弛率以及食管基础压均恢复正常,钡餐结果显示为正常食管影像,24h食管pH值测定正常,未见返流。随访6个月,症状无反复。结论:经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有创伤小,术后康复快,疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜食管下段贲门肌层切开联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜食管下段贲门肌层切开联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析31例行腹腔镜食管下段贲门肌层切开联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗的贲门失弛缓症患者术前与术后3个月的临床数据。结果:31例均成功行腹腔镜手术,27例术前与术后3个月吞咽困难评分(1.10±0.18与0.91±0.12,P<0.01)、术前与术后胸骨后疼痛评分(0.38±0.04与0.36±0.03,P<0.05)症状得到有效缓解,体质量指数(21.32±1.26与20.47±1.34,P<0.05)及生活质量指数(85.69±7.78与80.43±9.19,P<0.05)明显优于术前。结论:腹腔镜食管下段贲门肌层切开联合Dor胃底折叠术对于改善贲门失弛缓症患者临床症状及提高生活质量具有重要的意义。     

腹腔镜食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛症的护理

目的总结贲门失弛症在腹腔镜下行食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术的护理经验。方法对7例贲门失弛症患者采用单腔气管插管静吸复合麻醉,人工CO2气腹后腹腔镜下行食管肌层切开加胃底折叠术;术前加强患者的心理护理,改善营养状况,完善各项术前检查和术前准备;术后加强各种引流管的护理,鼓励患者早期活动,进行饮食指导,注重并发症的观察及处理。结果患者手术过程顺利,平均手术时间175.7min;术中平均出血45.7mL;无手术及护理相关的并发症,平均住院时间5.4d。术后随访1～10个月,体质量增长平均5.4kg;手术效果优5例,良2例。结论腹腔镜应用于贲门失弛症的治疗可行及有效,加强围术期护理,是保证手术顺利进行和减少术后并发症的重要环节。     

腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨采用腹腔镜微创手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性及临床效果。方法：对5例患者在术中行胃镜定位、监视下行腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗。结果：4例手术顺利,1例患者由于粘连严重,术中分破远端食管,经胃镜证实后即行腹腔镜下修补术,术后1d,4例症状明显改善,1例术后1周吞咽困难症状逐渐改善。随访5～17个月,均未再发生吞咽困难、返流、胸骨后疼痛等症状。结论：腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症创伤小、恢复快,并可作为内科治疗失败后的补救治疗。     

腹腔镜胃镜联合下括约肌切开胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症诊治体会

贲门失弛缓症是一种神经食管肌肉失调所致的运动障碍性疾病,食管体部正常蠕动消失,食管下端括约肌张力增高及食管下段括约肌在吞咽时松弛障碍,临床上以吞咽闲难、胸骨后疼痛、不同程度呕吐、体重下降为主要症状。20l1年3～5月我们应用腹腔镜胃镜联合行Heller术联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门迟缓症2例,现报道如下。     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication for achalasia straightens the esophagus and relieves dysphagia

BACKGROUND: A standard procedure for the treatment of achalasia remains to be established. We assessed the usefulness of a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with a Toupet fundoplication (LHT). METHODS: LHT was performed in 30 patients (12 men, 18 women; mean age, 41.8 y) who had esophageal achalasia with severe dysphagia. Caution was exercised when the esophagus was pulled downward and straightened. Symptoms and esophageal function were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The esophagus was straightened surgically in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with esophageal curvature on preoperative esophagography. The dysphagia score decreased to 1.7 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD) points from a preoperative value of 10. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased significantly. Two patients (7%) had esophageal diverticula as postoperative sequelae. Pathologic acid reflex was noted in 3 patients (12%). CONCLUSIONS: LHT is a useful procedure for straightening the esophagus, reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and relieving dysphagia in patients with achalasia.     

Long-term results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia

BACKGROUND: Treatment options for achalasia include medications, endoscopic balloon dilation, injection of botulinum toxin, or surgery. METHODS: The clinical course of 75 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication for achalasia between 1991 and 2001 was reviewed by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 5.3 (range .8 to 10.9) years. Sixty-four percent of questionnaires were returned. Thirty-seven patients (84%) felt much better and 6 (14%) slightly better; 1 (2%) rated the result as unchanged. Twenty-six patients (59%) experienced weight gain. Seven patients (16%) had persistent swallowing problems and 5 (11%) reported frequent reflux. Twenty-five percent underwent additional therapy, including dilation (n = 8, 18%), repeat surgery (n = 2, 5%), and botulinum toxin injection (n = 2, 5%). Eighteen patients (41%) were using a proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker, three were on a calcium channel blocker (7%), and 1 was using nitroglycerine (2%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy can achieve short- and long-term results comparable to open surgery and should be considered the treatment of choice for patients suffering from achalasia. Despite the frequent need for further therapy, patient satisfaction is good.     

腹腔镜改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜改良Heller术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床应用价值。方法:2004年2月至2008年4月我们为6例贲门失弛缓症患者行腹腔镜改良Heller术并随访。结果:手术时间45~122min,平均(74.0±29.0)min;术中出血5~65ml,平均(23.7±22.7)ml;无一例中转开腹及并发症发生;住院3~8d,平均(5.5±1.8)d。术后随访3~46个月,平均(26.8±16.2)月,5例症状缓解,1例轻度吞咽困难。结论:腹腔镜改良Heller手术具有术野清晰、并发症少、患者创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,是治疗贲门失弛缓症首选方法之一。     

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia

Background The significance of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) for the treatment of achalasia in relation to the severity of the lesion has not been sufficiently assessed. Methods Of patients who were diagnosed with achalasia from August 1994 to February 2004, 55 individuals who underwent LHD served as subjects. The therapeutic effects of LHD were assessed in terms of operation time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and symptom improvement in relation to morphologic type (spindle type, Sp; flask type, Fk; and sigmoid type, Sig). Degree of symptomatic improvement was classified into four grades: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Results Breakdown of morphologic type was as follows: Sp, n = 29; Fk, n = 18; and Sig, n = 8. Excluding one patient for whom conversion to open surgery was required, median average operation time for 54 patients was 160 min. As to intraoperative complications, esophageal mucosal perforation was seen in nine of the 55 patients (16%); however, conversion to open surgery could be avoided by suturing the affected area. Moreover, intraoperative bleeding of at least 100 g was seen in five of the 55 patients (9%), with one Fk patient requiring conversion to open surgery and transfusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Degree of dysphagia relief was excellent in 45 patients (83%), good in eight patients (15%), and fair in one patient (2%). Excellent improvement was obtained in 90%, 88%, and 50% in Sp, Fk, and Sig patients, respectively. Reflux esophagitis was seen in two patients, and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that classification of morphologic type is a useful parameter in predicting postoperative outcome in achalasia. In order to achieve excellent symptomatic relief, surgery for achalasia should be recommended for but not limited to Sp and Fk types.     

Single-port laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication: initial experience with a new approach for the treatment of pediatric achalasia

Purpose

The aim of this report was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (SPLHD) as treatment of pediatric esophageal achalasia.

Methods

A 9-year-old boy with a significant history of achalasia underwent SPLHD. The single-port was inserted using an umbilical incision. The falciform ligament and left liver lobe were raised using an elevating suture, providing good visualization of the operative field at the cardia. The Heller myotomy was planned to be 4 cm long, extending 1 cm onto the gastric wall.

Results

The SPLHD was successfully accomplished without the need for any skin incisions or additional ports. Oral intake was resumed on the first postoperative day, and the length of hospital stay was 8 days. The patient had complete resolution of dysphagia and regurgitation. No complications were noted, and the patient had an excellent cosmetic result.

Conclusions

The SPLHD is a safe and feasible procedure for symptomatic pediatric achalasia when performed by a surgeon experienced in laparoscopic and esophageal surgery.     

Heller myotomy for achalasia: quality of life comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches.

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a relatively rare disorder with a variety of treatment options. Although laparoscopic Heller myotomy has become the surgical treatment of choice, little data exist on the overall quality of life of patients undergoing this technique versus standard open approaches. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated all patients surgically treated for achalasia by a single surgeon. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy consisted of a long (> or = 6 cm) esophageal cardiomyotomy extending at least 2 cm onto the gastric cardia, with a concomitant Dor fundoplication. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for symptoms and quality of life using the SF-36, a standardized, generic quality of life instrument. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients were surgically treated: 15 patients had a planned laparoscopic procedure, with 3 conversions; 8 had planned open procedures. Dysphagia resolved in 20 of 21 patients, with 1 patient in the laparoscopic group requiring reoperation due to an inadequate gastric myotomy. Compared with preoperative scores, a statistically significant improvement occurred in the general health domain of the SF-36 (70 to 82, P = 0.04). Compared with that in patients undergoing open surgery, the laparoscopic group had better scores in the domains of physical functioning and bodily pain. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has comparable success to open Heller myotomy, and causes less early detriment to quality of life. This should be the primary treatment in all fit surgical patients with achalasia.     

Intraoperative manometry during laparoscopic Heller myotomy improves outcome in pediatric achalasia

Background

Achalasia is a rare disorder with less than 5% of patients diagnosed in childhood. Although Heller esophagocardiomyotomy is a proven intervention, incomplete myotomy can lead to clinical failure. Intraoperative esophageal manometry has been used to ensure adequacy of myotomies in adults. The purpose of the present study was to review our experience in the management of children with achalasia.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of patients with achalasia diagnosed between November 1999 and March 2007. Patient demographics and interventions were recorded. Outcomes after surgical intervention and esophageal dilation were assessed. Mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 0.6 years. Intraoperative manometry was used over the past 3 years.

Results

Nineteen patients were treated for achalasia. The average age at diagnosis was 13.8 ± 0.8 years. Most patients underwent esophageal dilation (14/19), receiving on average 2.1 ± 0.3 dilations. One patient experienced a contained perforation that was treated conservatively. Eleven patients underwent myotomy, as primary therapy (n = 5) or after recurrence of symptoms after dilation (n = 6). Six patients underwent intraoperative manometry. More patients who underwent Heller myotomy without intraoperative manometry had recurrence of symptoms (80% vs 0%, P < .05).

Conclusion

Inadequate myotomy is a potential cause for recurrent symptoms after esophagocardiomyotomy in childhood achalasia. Intraoperative esophageal manometry is a safe technique that may improve the success rate of surgery by confirming the adequacy of myotomy thereby decreasing recurrence of symptoms.     

Heller myotomy vs Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication

Background The addition of a Dor antireflux procedure reduces the risk of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by ninefold following laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. It is not clear, however, how these benefits compare with the increased cost of the fundoplication. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication compared with Heller alone in patients with achalasia. Methods We conducted a cost–utility analysis using the Markov simulation model to examine the two treatment alternatives. The model estimated the total expected costs of each strategy over a 10-year time horizon. Data for the model were derived from our randomized clinical trial. The strategies were compared using the method of incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Results The incidence of pathologic GER was 47.6% (10 of 21 patients) in the Heller group and 9.1% (2 of 22 patients) in the Heller plus Dor group using an intention-to-treat analysis (p = 0.005). Heller plus Dor was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of GERD (relative risk 0.11; 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.59; p = 0.01). The cost of surgery was significantly higher for Heller plus Dor than for Heller alone (mean difference $942; p = 0.04), secondary to a longer operating room time (mean difference 40 min; p = 0.01). At a time horizon of 10 years, when proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy costs are considered, the cost–utility analysis demonstrates that Heller plus Dor surgery is associated with a total cost of $6,861 per patient and a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 9.9 years, whereas Heller-alone surgery is associated with a cost of $9,541 per patient and a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 9.5 years. Conclusions In achalasia patients, Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication is preferred to Heller alone because it is both more effective in preventing postoperative GERD and more cost-effective at a time horizon of 10 years. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) meeting, Hollywood, FL, USA, 13–16 April 2005     

Ten-year follow-up of laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia shows durability

Objective Reports of long-term outcomes for laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) are scarce. In this work, outcomes of LHM for achalasia in patients who underwent surgery more than 10 years prior were investigated. Methods A cohort of patients treated with LHM and partial fundoplication for achalasia between 1993 and 1996 was followed for long-term outcomes, which were compared to baseline data at presentation. Results Thirty-two consecutive patients were identified, and follow-up information was obtained for 20 patients (62.5%). Mean follow-up was 11.2 years (range 10.3 to 12.3 years). Three patients (9.4%) were deceased (mean of 40 months postoperation). Of the 17 living patients, dysphagia was rated as severe in one (5.9%), mild to moderate in eight (47.1%), and absent in eight (47.1%). This was a significant improvement from preoperative scores in which dysphagia was rated as severe in 42.9%, mild to moderate in 57.1%, and absent in 0% (p < 0.05). In addition, 10-year dysphagia scores were unchanged from those at short-term follow-up (mean 27 months, p = 0.84). Other symptoms of heartburn, chest pain, voice symptoms, cough, and asthma were reported in fewer than 30% of patients at 10 years. Esophageal dilation following surgery was required in three patients, and two patients required repeat operations (esophagectomy in one patient, hiatal hernia in one patient). Satisfaction with the operation was reported by 16 patients (94.1%) at 10 years. Conclusions Most patients who underwent LHM with partial fundoplication reported satisfaction 10 years after the operation. A small number of patients required additional intervention. Dysphagia scores at 10 years were not different from those collected at short-term follow-up. Our data suggest that the efficacy of LHM is sustained at 10-year follow-up.