楮实提取物体外抗氧化活性的研究

目的 探讨楮实提取物的体外抗氧化活性.方法 先用80%乙醇,然后用蒸馏水对楮实进行提取.其中醇提取物依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,水提部分经醇沉、干燥后得到楮实粗多糖.运用羟基(·OH)自由基体系、二苯代苦味基肼(DPPH·)自由基体系和对Fe~(3+)的还原能力实验,比较楮实各提取物的抗氧化活性.结果 楮实提取物对·OH自由基和DPPH·自由基均有较好的清除作用,其中总醇提取物对·OH自由基的清除能力最强,其IC_(50)值为0.28 mg/ml;乙酸乙酯提取物对DPPH·自由基的清除效果最好,其IC_(50)值达到0.08 mg/ml;各提取物对Fe~(3+)均有较强的还原能力,乙酸乙酯提取物还原效果最为明显.结论 楮实提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,在抗衰老方面有广泛的应用前景.     

光枝勾儿茶提取物的抗氧化活性

目的 探讨光枝勾儿茶提取物的抗氧化活性.方法 采用80%乙醇进行回流提取,其中醇提浸膏依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取.分别考察光枝勾儿茶各提取物对羟基自由基 (·OH)、二苯代苦味基肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除率以及对Fe3+的还原力.结果 与抗坏血酸(Vc)比较,光枝勾儿茶提取物对自由基均有较强清除作用,对·OH的清除率Vc>乙酸乙酯萃取物>石油醚萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>水层部分,半清除率浓度(IC50,mg/ml)分别为0.061、0.099、0.344、0.770、1.709;对DPPH·的清除率Vc>正丁醇萃取物>乙酸乙酯萃取物>水层部分>石油醚萃取物,其半清除率浓度(IC50,mg/ml)分别为0.004 6、0.011 1、0.019 2、0.028 3、0.058 6.不同提取物对Fe3+有较强还原能力,还原力大小为:Vc>乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>石油醚萃取物>水层部分.结论 光枝勾儿茶具有明显的抗氧化活性,在抗衰老方面有广泛应用前景.     

藏荆芥不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH活性的研究

目的通过DPPH自由基清除实验研究藏荆芥提取物的体外抗氧化活性。方法将藏荆芥提取物依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙醇进行萃取,各组分都配制成适当稀释倍数的溶液,采用DPPH法测定各组分的抗氧化活性,并计算各组分的IC50。结果藏荆芥二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、正丁醇、石油醚提取部分都具有明显清除DPPH自由基的作用。结论藏荆芥提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率与样品浓度存在较明显的量效关系,藏荆芥具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

鸡骨草不同提取部位体外抗肿瘤活性筛选

目的 阐明鸡骨草体外抗肿瘤活性及明确其活性部位。方法 广西鸡骨草全草乙醇提取物经石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取后,采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度的鸡骨草石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位和水部位体外对3种肿瘤细胞株生长的抑制作用及对肿瘤细胞形态的影响,从而确定抗肿瘤活性部位;通过Hoechst33258荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡形态来评价鸡骨草乙酸乙酯部位BEL-7404肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。流式细胞术检测鸡骨草乙酸乙酯提取物对BEL-7404肿瘤细胞周期的影响;膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素(Annexin V-FITC)/碘化丙啶(PI)检测鸡骨草乙酸乙酯提取物对BEL-7404肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。结果 4种提取物均具有与浓度相关的体外抗肿瘤作用(P<0.05),作用强弱依次是鸡骨草乙酸乙酯提取物>鸡骨草正丁醇提取物>鸡骨草水提取物>鸡骨草石油醚提取物,鸡骨草乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、水部位对上述3种肿瘤细胞的生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,且均能显著改变细胞形态,其中乙酸乙酯提取物作用最强;而鸡骨草石油醚提取物对上述3种细胞株生长抑制作用最弱,对细胞形态的改变较小。H...     

桉树叶提取物杀灭钉螺筛选试验

目的观察广东5种桉树叶提取物的杀灭钉螺效果。方法采用有机溶剂萃取法和水提醇沉法分别得到5种桉树叶的挥发油、水溶性挥发成分、醇提流浸膏和醇沉物样品,设置不同浓度处理液,以去氯水作为对照组,按WHO推荐的室内浸杀法进行杀螺药效试验,观察比较钉螺死亡率。结果5种桉树叶挥发油在浓度为100 mg/L时,浸杀48 h后钉螺死亡率均80.0%,其中经柠檬桉和尾叶桉挥发油浸杀的钉螺死亡率均为93.3%;在浓度为10 mg/L时,浸杀48 h钉螺死亡率亦>60.0%;尾叶桉叶醇提流浸膏及其石油醚萃取物和氯仿萃取物浸杀钉螺48 h的死亡率65%,其中氯仿萃取物浸杀钉螺死亡率高达95%,且其浓度在10 mg/L时钉螺死亡率也高达60%。结论广东5种桉叶挥发油和尾叶桉的醇提流浸膏均有较好的杀钉螺效果,且尾叶桉醇提流浸膏氯仿萃取物的杀钉螺效果好于其他有机溶剂萃取物。     

茉莉花根醇提物体外抗氧化作用

目的探讨茉莉花根醇提物体外抗氧化活性。方法测定茉莉花根醇提物对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的抑制作用,及其还原力能力,研究其体外抗氧化活性,并与Vc抗氧化能力进行对比。结果不同浓度茉莉花根醇提物,对自由基的清除率不同,且随浓度的增高清除率增强,但清除能力均低于Vc对照组。结论茉莉花根醇提物具有一定的抗氧化能力,但均低于Vc的抗氧化能力。     

桦褐孔菌的不同提取物对胃癌BGC-823细胞株生长抑制作用的体外观察

目的 研究桦褐孔菌不同提取物对人胃癌BGC-823细胞株生长的抑制作用.方法 制备桦褐孔菌水提取物、石油醚提取物(醚提物)、乙酸乙酯提取物(酯提物)后,采用MTT法,测定3种提取物作用下的胃癌BGC-823细胞株生长的抑制作用.结果 桦褐孔菌水提取物、醚提取物、酯提取物对胃癌BGC-823细胞株的生长均有抑制作用,终浓度在80 g/ml、48 h,体外最大抑制率分别达到51％、60％、62％.结论 桦褐孔菌的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物对人胃癌BGC-823细胞株生长抑制作用高于水提取物.     

蒙药阿嘎如·朱吉克提取物的抗氧化活性

目的研究蒙药阿嘎如.朱吉克的抗氧化作用。方法采用80%乙醇和蒸馏水分别对蒙药阿嘎如.朱吉克进行超声波提取,检测提取物对于二苯代苦味酰肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用,以及对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用。结果阿嘎如.朱吉克乙醇提物和水提取物对DPPH自由基有较好的清除作用,其达到50%清除率所需浓度IC50值分别为0.7和1.2g/L。并且对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系有明显的抑制作用,其IC50值分别为1.2和4.8g/L。结论阿嘎如.朱吉克的乙醇提取物及水提取物具有抗氧化活性,水提取物的抗氧化作用明显高于乙醇提取物。     

红松针叶提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的 探讨红松针叶提取物的抗氧化活性.方法 采用无水乙醇和蒸馏水分别对红松针叶进行提取,观察其对于1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用,.以及对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用,以此来评价红松针叶提取物的抗氧化活性.结果 红松针叶醇提物和水提取物对DPPH自由基有较好的清除作用,其IC 50值分别为2.03 g/L和6.49 g/L.而对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化体系有明显的抑制作用,其IC 50值分别为3.14 g/L和9.14 g/L.乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于水提取物.结论 红松针叶的乙醇提取物及水提取物在抗衰老、抗炎症等方面有广泛的应用前景.     

贯众中活性组分对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用的研究

目的 分离贯众中活性组分,并研究其对老年肺部感染金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用.方法 采用pH3的95%乙醇进行回流提取,制成粗提液,并以石油醚、乙酸乙酯萃取,纸片法筛选活性部分,低压液相色谱做精分离,根据分离图谱的不同吸收峰位置来收集不同组分.采用三氯化铁+铁氰化钾多酚定性实验和Folin-酚法进行组分的总多酚定量,以液体试管稀释法测定不同组分对老年肺部感染患者痰中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用.结果 贯众95%乙醇粗提液和乙酸乙酯萃取部分都具有较强的抑制作用,将后者经低压液相色谱分离后共获得13个组分,组分2、3、4、8、9、11、12和13均具有较强的抑菌及杀菌作用,其组分13的抑菌作用最强,其MIC为4.29 μg/ml,MBC为8.58 μg/ml.结论 贯众经乙醇粗提并且乙酸乙酯萃取部分中含有多种活性组分,具有较强的抑制及杀灭金黄色葡球菌作用.     

Estimation of total phenolic content,cytotoxicity and in–vitro antioxidant activity of stem bark of Moringa oleifera

ObjectiveTo assess the phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content, cytotoxicity and in-vitro antioxidant activity of stem bark extracts of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) (Moringaceae).MethodsBrine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effects. DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was used to demonstrate antioxidant activity.ResultsPhytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and alkaloids. The LC₅₀ values were obtained for extracts as 850 μg/mL for petroleum ether extract, 800 μg/mL for chloroform extract and 900 μg/mL for methanol extract. The total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was 50.72% w/w, equivalent to gallic acid. Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extracts of M. oleifera and standard ascorbic acid were found to be scavenger of DPPH radical with an IC₅₀ of 124.75, 112.08, 54.34 and 13.86 μg/mL, respectively. Methanolic extract was found to be good scavenger of DPPH radical. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extracts of M. oleifera and ascorbic acid were found to be scavenger of nitric oxide radical with an IC₅₀ of 93.32, 65.12, 54.83 and 12.59 μg/mL, respectively. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction was found to be good scavenger of nitric oxide radical.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the crude extracts of M. oleifera is a potential source of natural antioxidants, and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.     

In vitro total phenolics, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil, various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah

ObjectiveTo detect the in vitro total phenolics, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil, various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah.MethodsThe dry powder leaves of Tetrastigma were extracted with different organic solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol and aqueous methanol. The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the essential oil and various organic extracts such as hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol and aqueous ethanol were determined by Folin - Ciocalteu method and the assayed antioxidant activity was determined in vitro models such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity using α, α-diphenyl- β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.ResultsThe total phenolic contents of the essential oil and different extracts as gallic acid equivalents were found to be highest in methanol extract (386.22 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate (190.89 mg/g), chloroform (175.89 mg/g), hexane (173.44 mg/g), and butanol extract (131.72 mg/g) and the phenolic contents not detected in essential oil. The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil and different extracts as ascorbic acid standard was in the order of methanol extract > ethyl acetate extract >chloroform> butanol > hexane extract also the antioxidant activity was not detected in essential oil.ConclusionsThe findings show that the extent of antioxidant activity of the essential oil and all extracts are in accordance with the amount of phenolics present in that extract. Leaves of Tetrastigma being rich in phenolics may provide a good source of antioxidant.     

Phytochemical analysis, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) leaf extract.MethodsVarious solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the plant A. cordifolia Mull. Arg (Fam: Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT/AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by the 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening.ResultsThe ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions, at a dose of 300 mg/kg, produced significant (P<0.05) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of the serum enzymes and bilirubin while there were marked scavenging of the DPPH free radicals by the fractions. The effects were comparable to those of the standard drugs used for the respective experiments, silymarin and ascorbic acid. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins were detected in the phytochemical screening.ConclusionFrom this study, it was concluded that the plant of A. cordifolia possesses hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activities and these activities reside mainly in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of methanol leaf extract.     

肉桂提取物对粉尘螨杀灭的实验研究

目的研究肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia Presl)不同溶剂提取组分对室内粉尘螨(Dermatophagoides farinae)的杀灭活性。方法肉桂粉碎后以石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇为提取剂,分别用索氏提取法、浸渍法提取肉桂的不同有效组分;以作用浓度和作用时间为变量,分别用直接接触法测试肉桂石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇提取组分对粉尘螨的杀灭活性,用熏蒸法测试肉桂石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取组份对粉尘螨的杀灭活性。结果直接接触法测试肉桂不同组分对粉尘螨杀灭活性的结果显示作用24h时肉桂石油醚提取组分和乙酸乙酯提取组分的LD50分别为4.64μg/cm2和1.44μg/cm2,甲醇提取组分对粉尘螨则不具有显著杀灭活性;从作用时间上看,石油醚组分作用时间最短,乙酸乙酯组分次之;熏蒸法测试结果显示肉桂石油醚、乙酸乙酯提取组分使用剂量为6.09μg/cm2和9.75μg/cm2时作用24h后对粉尘螨的致死率即达到100%。结论本文研究结果表明肉桂的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取组分对粉尘螨具有良好的杀灭活性,呈剂量、时间依赖性,且与作用方式直接相关。     

Evaluation of hypolipidemic Marrubium vulgare effect in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice

Objective: To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of four Marrbium vulgare(M. vulgare) herb extracts using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Methods: Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton(200 mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into main four groups of eight mice each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic plus tween-40 control and treated group. The fourth one was divided into four subgroups, petroleum ether extract group, chloroform extract group, ethyl acetate extract group and methanol extract treated group each of them contains two sub-sub group for treating animals with two doses at 0.1 and 0.25 LD50. Results: After 7 h and 24 h of treatment, the intragastric administration of all extracts caused a significant decrease of plasma total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were also significantly lowered by all extracts while petroleum ether produced the lowest decreasing level. Similar results were observed for LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, more polar extracts(methanol and ethyl acetate)-soluble fractions showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index(AI) and LDL/HDL-C ratios, while these atherogenic markers were not statistically suppressed by the chloroform and petroleum ether-soluble extract. Conclusion: The findings indicated that Marrubium may contain polar products able to lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.     

Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activities of Streptomyces sp.strain MJM 10778

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of soil-borne aetinobacteria.Methods:The total phenolic contents,the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity,MO scavenging activity,and ABTS radical scavenging activity in ethyl acelale extract were determined.Results:The 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp.strain MJM 10778.which was isolated from Hambak Mountain.Korea,has 99.9% similarity to Streptomyces misionensis(S.misionenis) NBRC 13063.The physiological and the morphological test revealed that the strain MJM 10778 has different characteristics from the strain NBRC.13063.The entire antioxidant assay with the ethyl acelale extract displayed good radical scavenging activity.The IC_(50) values of the strain MJM 10778 extract on DPPH,.NO.and ABTS radicals were identified to he 92.8 μg/mL,0.02 μg/ml,and 134.9 μg/mL,respectively.The ethyl acetate extract of the strain MJM 10778 showed an 81.500% of cell viability at 100 μg/mL in Raw264.7cell viability assay.Conclusions:The results obtained suggesl that the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp.strain MJM 10778 could be considered as a potential source of drug for the diseases that is caused by free radicals with its anti-oxidant activities and low cytotoxicity.     

A comparative pharmacological and phytochemical analysis of in vivo & in vitro propagated Crotalaria species

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy for phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of in vitro propagated plants and field grown plants of Crotalaria sps., for against five human pathogens.MethodsThe preliminary phytochemistry, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were evaluated using disc diffusion and DPPH radical scavenging methods.ResultsThe ethanolic extract of in vitro raised Crotalaria retusa (C. retusa) was effective on tested microorganisms and optimal ZOI values of 38 mm was obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The optimal concentration (IC50) required for 50% inhibition of the DPPH radical scavenging was 57.6 μ g/mL obtained for ethanolic extract of in vitro propagated C. retusa. The in vitro propagated C. retusa has significant pharmacological activities while the Crotalaria prostrate (C. prostrate) and Crotalaria medicaginea (C. medicaginea) has low pharmacological activites. It was cleared that ethanolic extract of in vitro regenerated plants was most effective.ConclusionsThese findings indicate compounds isolated from ethanolic extracts of Crotalaria sps., possesses pharmacological properties and potential to develop natural compounds based pharmaceutical products. The IC₅₀ values for ethanolic extracts of Crotalaria sps. was evaluated through the Linear regression analysis (R² ≤ 1).     

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of successive solvent extracts of leaves of Indigofera caerulea Roxb using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems

ObjectiveTo evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of successive solvent extracts of Indigofera caerulea Roxb using various in vitro antioxidant assay systems.MethodsTotal phenol and antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of Indigofera caerulea Roxb leaves were investigated. Extraction was done sequentially in soxhlet apparatus using various solvents (Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanol). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and Total ion reducing power assay. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were also measured.ResultsMethanolic extract had more total phenol content and more antioxidant activities, confirming to the hypothesis that phenol content and antioxidant activity has a direct correlation.ConclusionsAll the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that the methanolic extract of Indigofera caerulea Roxb leaves had notable antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The results obtained appeared to confirm the antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Indigofera caerulea Roxb.     

Composition of the non-polar extracts and antimicrobial activity of Chorisia insignis HBK. leaves

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract and the ether fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of Chorisia insignis HBK. leaves, as well as screen its antimicrobial activity.MethodsDifferent chromatographic methods were applied to investigate the non-polar extracts and the diffusion assay method was applied to study the antimicrobial activity.ResultsA total of 50 compounds from the unsaponifiable matter and 20 fatty acid methyl esters were identified from the petroleum ether extract by GC/MS analysis. n-Hentriacontane, n-tritriacontane, stigmastanol, 3-methoxy-5, 6-dihydrostigmasterol, 7,8-dihydroergosterol, 4-methylcholesterol, cholestanol, multiflorenol, cholest-5-en-3-one, cholest-6-one, 5,6-dihydroergosterol, stigmasterol, dihydroalbigenin and 11-methyl-Δ^{5,7,9,15,17,23}-triacont-hex-ene were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. Methyl heptacosanoate and quinic acid ester of rhamnose were isolated from the ether fraction of the 70% ethanol extract. Antimicrobial activity of the total alcohol extract and the successive fractions showed that the ether and the ethyl acetate fractions have potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.ConclusionsThe ether and the ethyl acetate fractions could be used in pharmaceutical formulations as antibacterial agents against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and further clinical trials should be performed in order to support the above investigations.