化疗辅以膀胱灌注治疗中晚期膀胱癌临床观察

目的：探讨中晚期膀胱癌化疗＋膀胱灌注疗法的临床意义。方法：将2002年一2007年92例中晚期膀胱癌（B～T4）病人随机分为：单纯化疗组46例，采用M—VAC方案，综合组46例，化疗同前组，合并膀胱灌注为DDPl20mg／次，0．5小时变化1次体位，保留2小时。结果：全部病人随访5年以上，随访率97％，局控率综合组和单化组58．5％和41．5％（P〉0．05）。综合组和单化组1、3、5生存率分别为81．1％、34．9％、20．1％和69．8％、24．6％、12．3％。3、5年生存率生存率差异有显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：中晚期膀胱癌行化疗辅以膀胱灌注优于单纯化疗，是中晚期膀胱癌治疗的有效方法。     

噻替哌和丝裂霉素C交替膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发

１９８２年１月至１９９４年１月１２ａ间，我院对８６例膀胱部分切除术膀胱癌患者，施行噻替哌与丝裂霉素Ｃ交替腔内灌注预防膀胱癌复发，随访８个月至１１ａ，６例失访，６例复发，复发率为７．５％（６／８０）。提示，膀胱部分切除术后腔内灌注化疗防止肿瘤复发效果肯定，我们认为，正规的膀胱灌注化疗和定期复查，是预防和早期发现肿瘤复发的关键。     

膀胱癌急性大出血髂内动脉栓塞治疗12例报告

目的探讨髂内动脉栓塞在膀胱癌急性大出血中的治疗价值。方法对12例膀胱癌急性大出血患者行膀胱动脉及双侧髂内动脉栓塞术,术中经动脉灌注抗癌药。结果12例患者栓塞后经膀胱镜或导尿管清除膀胱内血凝块血尿逐渐消失,其中8例患者接受后续膀胱部分切除或膀胱全切治疗。结论采用动脉化疗栓塞治疗膀胱癌急性大出血疗效显著,并且保证了后续外科治疗的安全性和彻底性。     

术前膀胱灌注鸦胆子油乳治疗浸润性膀胱癌

膀胱癌的传统根治性膀胱切除术创伤大、并发症多,术后患者生活质量差,且复发率高,5年生存率仅约50％,因此,对局部浸润性膀胱癌采用保留膀胱的新措施成为近年来的研究热点。2000年1月-2008年10月,对59例浸润性膀胱癌患者分别采用术前鸦胆子油乳膀胱灌注并双侧髂内动脉化疗栓塞联合手术及单纯双侧髂内动脉化疗栓塞后手术治疗,对两组疗效进行比较,报告如下。     

膀胱腔内灌注化疗对膀胱癌组织中P-糖蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨膀胱癌P-糖蛋白（P—gP）的表达与临床膀胱灌注化疗之间的关系。方法：用免疫组化技术检测60例初发膀胱癌组织标本及应用膀胱腔内化疗后复发的32例活组织标本中P—gP的表达。结果：60例初发膀胱癌组织中P—gp阳性率30．5％，复发的32例中P—gp阳性率为62．5％，膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注化疗失败者的P—gP阳性率明显高于初发膀胱癌。结论：P-糖蛋白介导的多药耐药是膀胱腔内灌注化疗失败、肿瘤复发的重要原因，但P—gP表达不是引起多药耐药的唯一机制。     

动脉灌注联合化疗治疗高危复发性膀胱癌3例报告(附文献复习)

目的 结合文献探讨动脉灌注联合化疗对于高危复发性膀胱癌的临床疗效.方法 对3例由于年龄大、体质差、不能耐受麻醉和手术的高危复发性膀胱肿瘤患者,采用一侧髂内动脉永久性栓塞、对侧髂内动脉永久性化疗泵置入化疗,并膀胱灌注化疗.结果 随访2年8个月.3例患者1例血尿消失、肿瘤缩小,2例肿瘤消失.结论 对于高危复发性膀胱癌在不能耐受手术的情况下,动脉灌注化疗联合膀胱灌注化疗是较为理想的选择.不但提高患者的生活质量,还延长了患者的生存期.     

髂内动脉灌注化疗加栓塞和腔内化疗联合应用治疗浸润型膀胱癌16例体会

目的 探讨动脉化疗栓塞术和腔内化疗联合应用在浸润型膀胱癌治疗中的价值.方法对 16例经病理证实的浸润型膀胱癌患者采用双侧膀胱肿瘤供血动脉化疗栓塞,化疗栓塞后 7天进行膀胱腔内灌注化疗.结果 16例患者在化疗栓塞后血尿即减轻或消失;随访 6～40个月,平均23个月,其中完全缓解率 37.5% (6/16),部分缓解率 50 % (8/16),有效率为 81.2%,死亡 2例.2年带瘤生存率达100 %.结论 动脉化疗栓塞术和腔内化疗联合应用是浸润型膀胱癌安全有效的姑息性治疗方法.     

中晚期膀胱癌的介入治疗

目的 探讨介入化疗栓塞对中晚期膀胱癌的治疗效果.方法 13例膀胱癌患者包括伴有大出血2例,行双侧膀胱上下动脉或髂内动脉栓塞化疗术,术后随访3个月～5年.结果 13例患者的出血症状于栓塞化疗术后1 d～3 d均得到有效控制,但2例患者栓塞治疗后约40 d～50 d出现血尿复发,考虑为髂内动脉再通引起,再次栓塞双侧髂内动脉...     

新辅助动脉灌注化疗联合高低氧吸入放疗对浸润性膀胱癌的疗效探讨

目的评估新辅助动脉灌注化疗联合高低氧吸入放疗对浸润性膀胱癌的有效性及安全性。方法对28例无法耐受或拒绝接受膀胱全切手术的浸润性膀胱癌患者进行保留膀胱治疗，先给予髂内动脉灌注化疗2～3次，然后给予高低氧吸入放疗。对肿瘤部分缓解以及肿瘤复发患者行部分膀胱切除术或经尿道肿瘤切除术。结果肿瘤完全缓解率为71.4％（20／28），部分缓解率28.6％（8／28）。8例患者接受了手术治疗，其中4例复发并接受了再次手术治疗。结论新辅助动脉灌注化疗联合高低氧吸入放疗为不能或不愿行全膀胱切除术的浸润性膀胱癌患者提供了一种有效的治疗方法。     

动脉灌注化疗加膀胱粘膜下注射及术后膀胱内灌注预防肿瘤复发

目的：探讨膀胱癌切除术后预防肿瘤复发的治疗方案。方法：依据抗癌药物敏感试验结果,在手术前后进行动脉灌注化疗,术中切除肿瘤后于膀胱粘膜下注射丝裂霉素C和术后定期膀胱内灌注。结果：全组65例中有60例获得3年以上的随访,随访率（92．3％）。4例分别在术后19、27、37、43个月复发,复发率（6．7％）。结论：动脉灌注化疗加膀胱粘膜下注射及术后定期膀胱内灌注,可增强抗肿瘤作用,延长无瘤间期,对预防肿瘤复发远期疗效可靠,尤其对早期浅表性非浸润癌效果显著,为预防膀胱癌术后复发提供了一种新的化疗用药途径。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.