人流术后服用优思明对子宫内膜的修复效果观察

目的探讨优思明对人工流产手术后子宫内膜的修复作用。方法选择行人流术终止妊娠的育龄妇女200例,随机分为对照组和实验组（优思明组）。对照组常规口服抗菌素,实验组在常规口服抗菌素基础上口服优思明3个疗程,观察两组阴道出血量、出血时间及月经转归时间、尿HCG转阴时间、术后子宫内膜厚度和有无盆腔炎性疾病以及宫腔粘连发生。结果对照组妇女阴道出血量、子宫内膜厚度与实验组相当,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;但对照组阴道出血时间及月经转归时间均长于实验组,2周内尿HCG转阴率低于实验组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;盆腔炎性疾病、宫腔粘连发生差异两组相比无统计学意义。结论人流术后口服优思明可以减少术后阴道流血时间、预防盆腔感染及宫腔粘连,促进月经恢复,有利于妇女身心健康。     

人工流产术后口服避孕药妈富隆的疗效观察

目的：探讨人工流产术后口服避孕药妈富隆减少术后出血和促进子宫内膜修复的临床疗效观察。方法在我院2012年1月-2013年1月收治的人流病例中,随机抽取180例分为两组,对照组术后休息,给予抗炎和助宫缩治疗;实验组术后则在对照组的基础上,给予避孕药妈富隆口服,1片/ d,连续21 d,观察比较两组术后阴道流血和月经恢复情况。结果术后阴道流血在7 d 内干净：实验组82例（91.11％）,对照组68例（75.55％）;25 d 内恢复月经：实验组78例（86.67％）,对照组61例（67.78％）,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。结论人工流产术后口服妈富隆,可减少阴道流血,加快月经恢复正常,有利于术后康复,值得推广。     

人工流产术后即时口服屈螺酮炔雌醇效果观察

目的：观察人工流产术后即时口服屈螺酮炔雌醇的临床效果。方法：选择妊娠早期要求行人工流产术92例,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。两组均在超声监测下行人工流产术,对照组术后即时口服抗生素及新生化颗粒,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上口服屈螺酮炔雌醇治疗3个周期。术后3周、4周、8周、3个月门诊及电话随访,比较两组阴道出血持续时间、术后3周子宫内膜厚度、月经复潮时间,以及较术前月经量增减情况和3个月内重复妊娠情况等。结果：观察组在阴道出血持续时间、术后3周子宫内膜厚度及月经复潮时间改善方面,均显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）;月经量减少者构成比及3个月内重复妊娠率,均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）籀i论：人T流产术后即时口服屈螺酮炔雌醇效果较好,有助于促进子宫内膜修复。     

人工流产后口服复方短效避孕药的临床研究

目的 探讨人工流产后服用复方短效口服避孕药对阴道流血量、阴道流血时间,月经恢复时间及月经恢复的影响.方法 272例人工流产者分为两组,治疗组130例,于人工流产后立即服用复方短效口服避孕药尤思敏、抗生素及益母草胶囊 对照组142例仅在人流术后使用抗生素和益母草胶囊.结果 治疗组阴道流血量及阴道流血时间与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,术后月经恢复正常比例明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）.结论 人流术后使用口服避孕药既可做到有效避孕,又能明显的减少阴道流血时间和流血量.促进月经周期的恢复.     

人工流产术后即服优思明对月经不调的疗效观察

目的 观察优思明(屈螺酮炔雌醇片)治疗人工流产术后月经不调的疗效.方法 选取收治的人工流产术后患者200例作为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各100例.术后两组常规抗生素治疗3天,对照组给予中药(益母草)治疗,观察组给予优思明治疗,观察两组患者的疗效.对比两组各时间点、阴道出血情况、月经复潮情况、子宫内膜厚度以及术后并发症等.结果 观察组阴道持续出血时间以及阴道流血量均显著低于对照组(P>0.05);观察组月经复潮时间显著低于对照组,并且观察组首次月经复潮月经量似正常月经量患者比例显著高于对照组,而少于月经量、多于月经量患者比例均显著低于对照组(P>0.05);观察组出现并发症比例为2.00%,显著低于对照组的12.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后3周宫内膜厚度观察组子显著大于对照组(P>0.05);观察组宫腔粘连等并发症总计比例均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05) .结论 针对人工流产术后即用优思明,大大减少月经不调发生,减少阴道出血症状,能促进患者恢复月经,提高生活质量.     

药物流产后阴道流血清宫时机的选择

目的：探讨药物流产后阴道流血清宫的时机。方法：选择药物流产后阴道流血≥10 d,腹部B超示宫腔内膜未见异常回声者100例,愿意接受清宫术的50例作为研究组,不愿意接受清宫术的50例作为对照组,观察两组的治疗结局。结果：研究组阴道流血量、流血时间、尿HCG转阴时间、月经复潮时间及子宫内膜炎发生率明显低于对照组,P〈0.05。两组不全流产率差异无显著性,P〉0.05。结论：药物流产后出血时间≥10 d者尽早行清宫术,可减少药物流产并发症,有助于患者的迅速恢复。     

宫腔粘连两种手术方式疗效比较

 目的 比较宫腔镜下冷刀分离手术与电切手术治疗宫腔粘连的临床效果。方法 选择2015-01至2016-12在广东省中医院大学城医院妇科诊断为宫腔粘连患者92例,根据术中分离方法的不同,使用微型或硬性剪刀分离的42例为冷刀组,使用电针电环分离的50例为对照组。术后3个月再次行宫腔镜检查,对比两组患者宫腔粘连好转情况、宫腔创面的子宫内膜上皮化过程,月经改善情况并随访妊娠结局。结果 冷刀组的完全治愈率高于对照组,分别为(72.9％、56.0％),冷刀组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,分别为(90.6％、80.0％)。比较两组患者的治愈率、有效率,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。术后3个月再次宫腔镜检查宫腔内膜创面修复程度,冷刀组与电切组内膜上皮化程度比较,不满意者更少,差异有统计学意义。术后3个月月经前复查妇科B超,比较两组患者的子宫内膜厚度,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。月经改善情况:两组的月经改善率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。妊娠率:比较两组患者的妊娠率,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 宫腔粘连使用冷刀治疗可以提高宫腔粘连松解术疗效。     

宫腔粘连分离术后预防再粘连方法分析

目的探讨宫腔粘连分离术后预防再粘连的方法及联合应用的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2010年6月至2015年6月于中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科住院手术的201例宫腔粘连患者的临床资料。根据预防再粘连方法不同分为3组:A组患者术后宫腔留置球囊导尿管+几丁糖,B组患者宫腔单留置球囊导尿管,C组患者宫腔单留置几丁糖,每组患者各67例,术后均使用人工周期治疗促进子宫内膜生长。比较3组患者术后的月经情况、宫腔形态、妊娠情况、子宫内膜厚度等。结果在宫腔形态方面,A组患者术后的治愈率及有效率均高于B组及C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在月经恢复方面,A组患者的临床有效率(90.3%)高于B组(72.4%)及C组(76.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在术后妊娠方面,3组妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者术后3个月、术后6个月子宫内膜厚度与本组术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);但3组同一时期组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论宫腔粘连分离术后联合使用球囊导尿管及医用几丁糖预防宫腔再粘连的临床效果优于单使用球囊导尿管或医用几丁糖,值得临床推广应用。     

阴道内镜诊治绝经后阴道流血的应用

目的：评价阴道内镜对绝经后阴道流血的诊断和治疗价值。方法：对我院2010-02～2011-11间收治的86例绝经后阴道流血患者进行阴道内镜检查。结果：子宫内膜息肉16例,萎缩宫腔29例,宫颈炎症10例,宫颈管息肉13例,子宫内膜增殖症6例,子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜癌2例,节育器7例,子宫黏膜下肌瘤3例。结论：阴道内镜检查是诊治绝经后阴道流血的有效方法,特别适用于生殖器萎缩严重者。     

一次性宫腔组织吸引管终止早孕临床分析

目的观察一次性宫腔组织吸引管在终止早孕中的临床应用价值。方法选择480例要求终止早孕的受术者,随机分为两组。观察组258例,采用一次性宫腔组织吸引管行人工流产术(简称微管组);对照组222例,采用传统金属吸管做人工流产术(简称传统组)。对比患者疼痛情况、术中出血量、手术时间、术中、术后并发症等,进行统计学处理。结果术中疼痛、出血量、手术时间、人工流产综合征发生率两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一次性宫腔组织吸引管术中具有无痛或减痛作用,对子宫内膜损伤小,出血少,是安全有效终止早孕的方法。     

Nandrolone excretion in sedentary vs physically trained young women

We investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle, oral contraception and physical training on exhaustive exercise-induced changes in the excretion of nandrolone metabolites [19-norandrosterone (19-NA), and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE)] in young women. Twenty-eight women were allocated to an untrained group ( n =16) or a trained group ( n =12), depending on their physical training background. The untrained group was composed of nine oral contraceptive users (OC+) and seven eumenorrheic women (OC−), while the trained group was entirely composed of OC+ subjects. Three laboratory sessions were conducted in a randomized order: a prolonged exercise test, a short-term exercise test and a control session. Urine specimens were collected before and 30, 60 and 90 min after the exercise test and at the same times of the day during the control session. Urinary concentrations of nandrolone metabolites were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Urinary concentrations of 19-NA and 19-NE ranged from undetectable levels to 1.14 and 0.47 ng/mL, respectively. Nandrolone excretion was not affected by the menstrual cycle phase (early follicular vs mid-luteal), prior physical training, oral contraception or acute physical exercise. Therefore, a urinary concentration of 2 ng/mL of 19-NA appears to be fair as the upper acceptable limit in doping control tests for female athletes.     

Influence of menstrual status on fluid replacement after exercise induced dehydration in healthy young women.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether fluid replacement after exercise induced dehydration varies over the normal menstrual cycle. METHODS--Five subjects, with a regular menstrual cycle lasting 28 (SEM 2) d, were dehydrated by 1.8(0.1)% of their pre-exercise mass by cycle exercise in the heat. Trials were undertaken 2 d before (trial -2) and 5 and 19 d after the onset of menses (trials 6 and 20 respectively). After exercise, subjects ingested a fixed volume, equivalent to 150% of mass loss, of a commercially available sports drink over a 60 min period. RESULTS--Cumulative urine output [median (range)] over the 6 h following ingestion was the same on all trials: 714(469-750) ml on trial -2; 476(433-639) ml on trial 6; 534(195-852) ml on trial 20. There was no menstrual cycle effect on urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) excretion or serum electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) concentrations. Plasma volume increased by 8-12% of the postexercise value following rehydration. The percentage of ingested fluid retained did not differ between trials at any time. Six hours after drink ingestion, net fluid balance was not different from the initial value on any of the trials. CONCLUSIONS--Acute replacement of exercise induced fluid losses is not affected by the normal menstrual cycle.     

Menstrual cycle stage and oral contraceptive effects on anterior tibial displacement in collegiate female athletes

AIM: The aim of this study was to establish if differences in anterior tibial displacement exists in collegiate female student-athletes at different stages of the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Design and setting: a 2 x 3 factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor guided this study. The first independent variable was group with 2 levels (control and oral contraceptive) and the second independent variable was menstrual cycle phase with 3 levels (follicular, ovulation, luteal). The single dependent variable was anterior tibial displacement. All data were collected in a research laboratory. Subjects: 53 female student athletes (control: n=28; oral contraceptive: n=25) with no previous history of knee injury or anomalies with a normal 28-30 day menstrual cycle participated. Measurements: anterior tibial displacement (mm) measurements were taken on days 1 (follicular phase), 13 (ovulation phase), and 23 (luteal phase) of each subject's menstrual cycle using a KT1000 knee arthrometer. RESULTS: For the entire group, statistically significant increases in anterior tibial laxity were found (F=4.49; df=52.1; P<0.05) between the follicular cycle (0+/-SD =5.14 mm) and ovulation cycle (0+/-SD=5.81 mm); and follicular cycle (0+/-SD=5.14 mm) and luteal cycle (0+/-SD=5.79 mm). A separate analysis of the non-birth control group revealed no significant difference in anterior tibial laxity throughout the stages of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that: 1) the menstrual cycle does have an influence on laxity of the anterior displacement of the knee; 2) significant increases in anterior displacement are shown during the ovulation and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle; and 3) birth control subjects tend to have increased laxity when compared to those subjects who are not on hormone therapy.     

B超监视引导在复杂人工流产术中的应用

目的:评价应用B超监视,引导复杂人工流产术在预防其并发症方面是不是明显优于传统人工流产术。材料与方法:观察了86例宫内带节育器并早孕妇女和62例平产后宫内有残留物妇女及9例其它妊娠妇女,其中子宫畸形并早孕4例和子宫肌瘤并早孕5例,应用B超监视引导人流术后并发症的发生情况,并与692例应用传统人流术者进行比较。结果:B超监导人流术对预防并发症,如综合反应、宫腔残留物,以及清宫次数等明显优于传统人流术,P<0.05,而且未发生1例子宫穿孔。结论:B超监导在复杂人流术中的应用,直接增强了术者的直视能力,增加了手术的准确性、安全性、该方法简便、适用,可提高手术质量且能有效预防人流术并发症的发生。     

Anaerobic power performance and the menstrual cycle: eumenorrheic and oral contraceptive users

AIM: The purpose of this project was to compare the impact of the menstrual cycle on short-term, high intensity (power) performance in active females who either had normal menstrual cycles (NOC) or who were using oral contraceptives (OC). METHODS: Subjects (7 NOC, 17 OC) completed a Margaria-Kalamen staircase test and a Wingate cycle test on 3 occasions: one for familiarization and the other two trials (random order) during menses (MEN) or luteal (LUT) phase. Phase was documented by urinary luteinizing hormone for the NOC. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between MEN and LUT in the NOC group on the Wingate test (n=7) for any of the following: peak power (P=0.33), peak power per kg body weight (P=0.37), anaerobic capacity (P=0.37), anaerobic capacity per kg body weight (P=0.42), power decline (P=0.36), power decline per kg body weight (P=0.35). Also there were no significant differences in power (P=0.95) for the Margaria-Kalamen test (n=6). There were no significant differences between MEN and LUT in the OC group for any of the following variables calculated from the subjects' performance on the Wingate test (n=17): peak power (P=0.39), peak power per kg body weight (P=0.36), anaerobic capacity (P=0.42), anaerobic capacity per kg body weight (P=0.36), power decline (P=0.57), power decline per kg body weight (P=0.66). Also there were no significant differences in power (P=0.44) for the Margaria-Kalamen test (n=11). CONCLUSIONS: For a moderately active group of women, anaerobic power performance was not influenced by menstrual cycle phase in either NOC or OC users.     

Knee and hip loading patterns at different phases in the menstrual cycle: implications for the gender difference in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates

BACKGROUND: Menstrual cycle phase has been correlated with risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in women. The mechanism by which hormonal cycling may affect injury rate is unknown. HYPOTHESES: Jumping and landing activities performed during different phases of the menstrual cycle lead to differences in foot strike knee flexion, as well as peak knee and hip loads, in women not taking an oral contraceptive but not in women taking an oral contraceptive. Women will experience greater normalized joint loads than men during these activities. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Twenty-five women (13 using oral contraceptives) and 12 men performed repeated trials of a horizontal jump, vertical jump, and drop from a 30-cm box on the left leg. Lower limb kinematics (foot strike knee flexion) and peak externally applied moments were calculated (hip adduction moment, hip internal rotation moment, knee flexion moment, knee abduction moment). Men were tested once. Women were tested twice for each phase of the menstrual cycle (follicular, luteal, ovulatory), as determined from serum analysis. An analysis of variance was used to examine differences between phases of the menstrual cycle and between groups (alpha = .05). RESULTS: No significant differences in moments or knee angle were observed between phases in either female group or between the 2 female groups or between either female group and the male controls. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of the menstrual cycle and the use of an oral contraceptive do not affect knee or hip joint loading during jumping and landing tasks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because knee and hip joint loading is unaffected by cyclic variations in hormone levels, the observed difference in injury rates is more likely attributable to persistent differences in strength, neuromuscular coordination, or ligament properties.     

Decreased maximal aerobic capacity with use of a triphasic oral contraceptive in highly active women: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Oral contraceptives are commonly used by women athletes. However, their effect on athletic performance is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of a moderate dose, triphasic oral contraceptive on measures of athletic performance in highly trained women athletes. METHODS: This is a double blind, placebo controlled trial in 14 women with ovulatory menstrual cycles and maximal aerobic capacity (VO(2)MAX) >/==" BORDER="0">50 ml/kg/min. Four measures of athletic performance were tested: VO(2)MAX, anaerobic capacity (anaerobic speed test), aerobic endurance (time to fatigue at 90% of VO(2)MAX), and isokinetic strength (Cybex II dynamometer). Height, weight, and six skinfold measurements were also recorded. All these observational tests were completed during both the follicular and mid-luteal phases of an ovulatory menstrual cycle. Cycle phases were confirmed by assaying plasma oestradiol and progesterone. Participants were subsequently randomly assigned to either a tricyclic oral contraceptive or placebo and retested in identical fashion (oral contraceptive phase). RESULTS: Absolute and relative changes in VO(2)MAX from follicular to oral contraceptive phase decreased in the oral contraceptive group by 4.7%, whereas the placebo group showed a slight increase (+1.5%) over the same time period. Two of the women taking oral contraceptive had decreases of 4 and 9 ml/kg/min. In contrast, most women in the placebo group improved or maintained VO(2)MAX. There was also a significant increase in the sum of skinfolds in women taking oral contraceptive compared with those taking placebo (p<0.01). There were no significant changes in other physiological variables (maximum ventilation, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, packed cell volume) or measures of performance (anaerobic speed test, aerobic endurance, isokinetic strength) as a function of oral contraceptive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in VO(2)MAX that occurs when oral contraceptive is taken may influence elite sporting performance in some women. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms of this change.     

宫腔镜联合米非司酮预防围绝经期子宫内膜息肉复发的临床研究

目的探讨宫腔镜手术联合米非司酮预防围绝经期子宫内膜息肉(EP)复发的可行性。方法 2008年6月—2012年2月在我院行宫腔镜EP切除术的围绝经期子宫内膜息肉患者共118例,按照宫腔镜息肉电切术后是否用药分为研究组60例,行宫腔镜下EP切除术,术后口服米非司酮12.5 mg,共3个月;对照组58例于宫腔镜下行EP切除术后不做任何处置。对两组患者进行复发和不良反应方面的随访观察。结果术后随访6个月,研究组与对照组比较,前者EP复发率明显低于后者(P<0.01),且不良反应轻。结论宫腔镜手术联合米非司酮治疗围绝经期子宫内膜息肉疗效肯定,不良反应轻,能够有效地预防EP复发。     

用超声研究子宫内膜切除术后子宫修复的过程

目的: 探讨超声在观察子宫内膜切除术(TCRE)后子宫创面修复过程的应用价值.材料和方法: 研究组为35例行TCRE术的患者,在术后1、3、6个月及1年超声随访.观察子宫及子宫血流动力学的变化.对照组为34例月经周期正常的育龄妇女.结果: 子宫大小、子宫修复层厚径及修复层血管的阻力指数在术后呈现下降、上升、再下降的规律性变化;术后3个月,子宫大小及修复层厚度测值最大,修复层动脉的阻力指数增高的例数最多;术后1年,修复层厚度与对照组增殖期内膜厚度接近,修复层动脉的阻力指数与对照组相同.结论: 超声对TCRE术后子宫修复过程的观察为临床的进一步治疗提供了重要的影像学依据.