胺碘酮和普罗帕酮急诊转复阵发性室上性心动过速60例疗效分析

探讨胺碘酮和普罗帕酮急诊转复阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效及安全性;选取急诊收治的阵发性室上性心动过速患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予胺碘酮治疗,对照组给予普罗帕酮治疗,观察记录两组即时复律时间、24h复律情况、72h室上性心动过速复发率及不良反应等情况。胺碘酮转复PSVT总有效率为93.33%,普罗帕酮为95.00%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),胺碘酮与普罗帕酮转复PSVT起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组72h PSVT复发率及药物不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胺碘酮可作为急诊转复PSVT的首选药物。     

静脉应用胺碘酮和普罗帕酮转复阵发性房颤的临床观察

目的对比胺碘酮和普罗帕酮治疗阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效及安全性。方法 40例阵发性房颤患者分别静脉用胺碘酮(胺碘酮组,20例),普罗帕酮(普罗帕酮组,20例),观察各组房颤的转复情况、复律时间及药物不良反应。其中对用普罗帕酮无效者再次予胺碘酮治疗,3例房颤转复,但未计入胺碘酮治疗有效组。结果胺碘酮组转复有效率优于普罗帕酮组(84.6%vs50.0%,P<0.05),普罗帕酮组转复时间短于胺碘酮组〔(103±67)vs(172±51)min,P<0.01〕。结论对于阵发性房颤,胺碘酮转复疗效优于普罗帕酮,安全性相似,但转复时间明显短于胺碘酮。     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的临床研究

目的:探讨胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的临床疗效.方法:将2007年1月至2010年12月收治的阵发性室上性心动过速62例随机分为胺碘酮组和普罗帕酮组各31例,分别应用胺碘酮和普罗帕酮治疗,比较两组的临床疗效.结果:胺碘酮组和普罗帕酮组的总有效率分别为90.3%(28/31)和83.9%(26/31),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速均可取得较好的临床疗效,但胺碘酮更好.     

宽QRS波群心动过速应用胺碘酮静脉注射治疗的即时疗效和安全性研究

目的:观察和比较静脉注射胺碘酮、普罗帕酮治疗宽QRS波群心动过速的即时疗效和安全性。方法:40例宽QRS波群心动过速患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例,治疗组和对照组分别用胺碘酮150mg(3～5mg/kg)稀释于20mL生理盐水中和普罗帕酮70mg加入10%葡萄糖20mL中5～10min内静脉注射完毕,其后以1mg/min静滴,观察15min,若无效,则分别再予75mg和35mg静注。结果:治疗组和对照组治疗宽QRS波群心动过速的总有效率分别为90%和60%,平均起效时间分别为(12.6±5.8)min和(8.3±4.2)min。两组均未见有心衰加重和促心律失常作用表现。结论:静脉注射胺碘酮能迅速、安全、有效地治疗宽QRS波群心动过速。     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗阵发性心房颤动对比观察

目的:观察胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效。方法:60例心房颤动患者随机分为观察组(胺碘酮组)和对照组(普罗帕酮组),每组各30例,胺碘酮组口服胺碘酮0.2/次,3次/d,连服2周;普罗帕酮100 mg/次,3次/d,疗程同胺碘酮组。结果:胺碘酮组总有效率(90.0%)明显优于普罗帕酮组总有效率(56.6%),两组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动的有效率较普罗帕酮更有效,安全。     

静脉注射胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗心房颤动的临床对比观察

目的　观察静脉应用胺碘酮与普罗帕酮对阵发性快速心房颤动 (房颤 )的疗效。方法　选择 4 9例患者按就诊顺序随机分为两组 ,胺碘酮组 (2 5例 ) :胺碘酮 15 0mg+生理盐水 10ml,静脉注射 ,10分钟注射完毕 ;普罗帕酮组 (2 4例 ) :普罗帕酮 70mg +生理盐水 10ml,静脉注射 ,5～ 10分钟注射完毕。观察 10～ 2 0分钟若未转复可重复应用 ,最大累积量胺碘酮为 4 5 0mg ,普罗帕酮为 2 10mg。 结果　转复率 :胺碘酮组 76 % (19/ 2 5 ) ,普罗帕酮组 75 % (18/2 4 ) ,两组转复率比较差异无统计学意义 (χ2 =0 .0 0 4 2 ,P >0 .0 5 )。转复时间 :胺碘酮组 (4 8.1± 15 .9)分钟 ,普罗帕酮组 (38.7± 14 .9)分钟 ,两组比较差异有统计学意义 (t=2 .13,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对阵发性快速房颤均有较高的转复率 ,但转复时间普罗帕酮短于胺碘酮     

小剂量胺碘酮与普罗帕酮预防心房颤动临床比较分析

目的　观察小剂量胺碘酮与普罗帕酮预防房颤发作的临床疗效。方法　 73例均为阵发性、持续性或慢性房颤复律后患者 ,排除甲亢所致房颤病例。服用胺碘酮组 4 2例 ,普罗帕酮组 31例。胺碘酮组服用胺碘酮 0 6 g/d ,逐渐减量 ,维持量 0 1g/d至每周 1 0 g/周 ;普罗帕酮组口服普罗帕酮 4 5 0～ 6 0 0mg/d ,维持治疗量为 15 0～ 30 0mg/d。两组病例均长期随访 ,比较两种药物预防房颤发作的疗效 ,并观察药物副作用及服药顺从性。结果　疗效 :胺碘酮组患者在 6个月、12个月及 18个月能够维持窦性心律的患者例数分别为 37、35及 32例 ,分别占该组例数的 88 1%、83 3%及 76 2 %。普罗帕酮组患者在 6个月、12个月及 18个月能够维持窦性心律的患者例数分别为 2 8、2 2及 17例 ,分别占该组例数的 90 3%、77 1%及 5 4 8%。副作用 :两组均见部分病例出现胃肠道反应 ,普罗帕酮组 2例因心衰而停药 ,未发生其他不良反应。结论　作为药物治疗手段 ,胺碘酮及普罗帕酮对于预防房颤复发均有良好的作用 ,但长期疗效胺碘酮优于普罗帕酮 ,并且副作用发生率低、耐受性良好。     

普罗帕酮和胺碘酮注射液治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的临床分析

选取86例患有阵发性室上性心动过速患者分成胺碘酮组与普罗帕酮组各43例,胺碘酮组采用胺碘酮注射液进行治疗,普罗帕酮组采用普罗帕酮注射液进行治疗,对两组临床疗效进行比较。结果胺碘酮组和普罗帕酮组总有效率分别为90.7%与86.0%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。采用普罗帕酮和胺碘酮注射液治疗阵发性室上性心动过速均能取得较理想的临床疗效,但胺碘酮注射液效果更为明显。     

胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对心律失常患者临床疗效及血清高敏C反应蛋白影响的比较

目的:探讨胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对心律失常患者临床疗效及血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响。方法:选本院收治的100例心律失常患者作为研究对象。随机分为观察组和对照组。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组总有效率(96.00%)明显高于对照组(88.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组间hs-CRP水平无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组hs-CRP水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组低血压、呕吐、头晕和肝肾功能受损的不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胺碘酮在降低心律失常患者hs-CRP水平,提高临床疗效,降低药物不良反应发生率方面比普罗帕酮更有效。     

静脉应用胺碘酮与毛花甙C治疗快速房颤的临床对比观察

目的:比较胺碘酮与毛花甙C治疗快速心房颤动的疗效。方法:选择由各种心脏病引起的48例快速房颤患者,随机分为胺碘酮组(n=25)和毛花甙C组(n=23)。胺碘酮组:给予胺碘酮负荷量150 mg静注后,以0.8~1mg/min维持静脉点滴,依心室率情况调节胺碘酮剂量。毛花甙C组:近1周未用洋地黄者,以毛花甙C0.4 mg静脉注射;近1周口服地高辛者,以毛花甙C0.2 mg静脉注射,依见效情况调节剂量。观察两组复律情况及心室率的变化。结果:胺碘酮组与毛花甙C组的有效率分别为83%(19/25)和61%(14/23);平均起效时间分别为(14±10)min和(30±5)min;用药后心室率下降幅度分别为46%和31%。两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05;P<0.05;P<0.01)。两组用药后血压均有所下降,但与治疗前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:静脉注射胺碘酮治疗快速房颤心室率,作用迅速、安全有效,不影响心功能,临床可作为急诊控制伴有心功能不全患者的快速房颤心室率的首选药物之一。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.