兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块中高表达热激蛋白70细胞与细胞凋亡的关系

目的:探讨热激蛋白(HSP)的高表达和细胞凋亡在兔动脉粥样硬化斑块中的作用。方法:取兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块28例,镜下将斑块分为4个区,分别为纤维帽区、脂核区、肩部区和中膜平滑肌区;采用免疫组化技术检测各区不同细胞HSP70的高表达情况、原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测各区不同细胞凋亡情况。结果:纤维帽区与肩部区HSP70的表达阳性炎性细胞数均显著高于脂核区、中膜平滑区,纤维帽区平滑肌细胞HSP70的阳性表达显著高于其他3个区。脂核区TUNEL阳性细胞数明显高于其他3个区。纤维帽区与肩部中表达HSP70的阳性细胞数大于TUNEL阳性细胞数(P<0.05,P<0.01);脂核区内TUNEL阳性细胞数明显大于表达HSP70的阳性细胞数(P<0.01)。结论:易损斑块内HSP70的高表达主要在纤维帽区及肩部区,而细胞凋亡主要在斑块脂核周围。     

The expression of heat shock protein 60 in patients with dilated cardiomyophathy

Objective: Heat shock proteins (hsps) have been shown to be important antigens in a number of autoimmune diseases. We have previously shown the presence of autoantibodies against hsp60 in a high proportion of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study set out to investigate the expression of hsp60 in the myocardium of 30 patients with DCM and a control group of 30 normal donors. Design: The expression of hsp60 was quantitated at the protein and mRNA level by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively, and its distribution was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Results: Quantitation of hsp60 showed a 5-fold increase in the DCM hearts over that in the donor hearts. By immunocytochemistry 13 patients with DCM showed increased positive staining localised to the connective tissue. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of hsp60 showed a significantly increased amount of hsp60 at the mRNA level in the DCM hearts than in the controls. Conclusions: These results unequivocally demonstrate a raised level of expression of endogenous hsp60 in the myocardium of patients with DCM. The increased expression of hsp60 in the myocardium of patients with DCM may render such cells susceptible to react with circulating autoantibodies to hsp60 and hsp65 found in a high proportion of patients with this disease. Received: 15 July 1998, Returned for revision: 10 September 1998, Revision received: 30 September 1998, Accepted: 16 October 1998     

Susceptibility of AML cells to in vitro apoptosis correlates with heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells from some individuals rapidly undergo apoptosis during in vitro culture. We have analysed this mode of cell death in AML cells harvested from patients at initial presentation and during subsequent treatment/relapse. Using flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells and quantitation of the subdiploid apoptotic peak, we observed that leukaemic cells from patients with AML displayed a heterogenous susceptibility to apoptosis in terms of the rate of accumulation of apoptotic cells. After 48 h incubation in the absence of added serum or exogenous growth factors the percentage of apoptotic cells ranged from 3% to 99%. This susceptibility to apoptosis correlated significantly with intracellular expression of hsp70 ( P =0.009), but not hsp90, and was also associated with the presence of p53 and low levels of expression of bcl-2.     

The expression of heat shock protein 60 in myocardium of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation

Objective Cardiomyocytes respond to stress with the expression of different heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP60 is induced by various stress factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of HSP60 in human atrial fibrillation (AF). Method Right atrial samples from 14 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were excised and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Eight patients had chronic AF and six patients were in sinus rhythm. The HSP60 protein level was determined by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and quantified by optical densitometry according to the immunoreactive bands of actin. Results In myocardial samples from patients with chronic AF, we found a more than 2.5-fold increase in HSP60 expression compared to atrial myocardium of patients in sinus rhythm. Conclusion This result indicates an up regulation of HSP60 in response to chronic atrial fibrillation Received: 31 October 2001, Returned for 1. revision: 20 Novemver 2001, 1. Revision received: 12 December 2001, Returned for 2. revision: 3 January 2002, 2. Revision received: 25 January 2002, Accepted: 6 February 2002     

肝细胞癌热休克蛋白70过表达与自发性癌细胞凋亡

目的探讨肝细胞癌（hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)热休克蛋白70（heatshockproteins70,HSP70）的表达及其与自发性癌细胞凋亡的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法和原位末端转移酶标记法（TUNEL）检测68例HCC手术标本中HSP70表达和细胞凋亡指数,以癌旁肝组织作为对照。结果HCC和癌旁组织中HSP70阳性率分别为71%和28%,过表达分别为53%和21%,两组之间差异有非常显著意义（P＜0.01),HSP70阳性率和凋亡指数有正相关关系（r＝0.8765,P＜0.05),两者都随HCC组织学分级增高而增加。结论HCC组织中存在HSP70过表达和自发性癌细胞凋亡,两者正相关性机理尚不明了,可能是HCC生物学恶性行为的标志。     

热休克蛋白70对供心细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对大鼠供心心肌细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠18只,分为两组:对照组(C,n=9),腹腔注射生理盐水0.5ml,24h后取离体心脏灌注HTK心脏保护液,4℃保存3h后建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注KH液2h;实验组(E,n=9)腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素(溶于生理盐水中)3.1μmol/kg(0.53mg/kg),腹腔注射24h后取离体心脏,处理方法同C组。运用免疫组化SP法测定心肌HSP70含量、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的含量以及相关生化指标并进行统计学处理。结果HSP70含量E组(17.78±1.82)较C组(5.22±1.05)明显增高(P<0.01),Bcl-2的表达E组(41.88±5.09)较C组(31.36±3.27)明显增多(P<0.01),Bax的表达E组(22.61±3.49)较C组(40.52±4.17)明显减少(P<0.01),Bcl-2/Bax比值E组(1.86±0.11)较C组(0.77±0.01)明显增高。生化指标E组明显优于C组。结论心肌HSP70高表达对供心具有明显的保护效应,其促进心肌抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,减少促凋亡蛋白Bax表达,增加Bcl-2/Bax比率,以此抑制心肌细胞凋亡,从而发挥其对供心心肌细胞保护作用。     

Induction of heat shock protein 70 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the postischemic gerbil hippocampus

Immunohistochemical changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated in the gerbil hippocampus 1 h-7 days after 10 min of cerebral ischemia. Transient cerebral ischemia caused HSP 70 expression in GFAP-positive astrocytes in a delayed fashion, as compared with a rapid induction in vulnerable neurons such as hilar neurons. The present results may offer clues to elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic neuronal damage.     

热激蛋白70(HSP70)及血吸虫HSP70研究进展

热激蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSP)是细胞或生物体受到外界各种刺激时产生的一种具有重要生物学功能和具有高度保守性的多肽类蛋白质分子家族,其中HSP70是最受关注且研究较为深入的一种.该文阐述了HSP及血吸虫HSP70的研究进展,并对其研究意义作一综述.     

Aging abolishes the cardioprotective effect of combination heat shock and hypoxic preconditioning in reperfused rat hearts

Hypoxic preconditioning (HP) does not improve post-ischemic function in the hearts of aging rats secondary to failure of protein kinase C (PKC) activation, but the effect of heat shock (HS) or preconditioning has not been studied. We studied whether HS increases tolerance to ischemia and whether its combination with HP would restore the cardioprotective effect in aging rat hearts. HS was performed in 12- and 50-week-old rats. Hearts were isolated and subjected to HP by 10 min hypoxic perfusion before 25 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion 48 h after HS. Both HP and HS improved recovery of left ventricular function with translocation of PKC-δ from the cytosol to the nuclear fraction and induction of heat shock proteins, HSP27, HSP70, and αB-crystallin. The combination of HS and HP enhanced the translocation of PKC-δ in young rats, resulting in further improvement in functional recovery. In older rats, HP translocated PKC-δ from the membrane to the cytosol fraction, but did not improve functional recovery, although the combination of HS with HP induced HS proteins and translocated PKC-δ from the cytosol to the nuclear fraction. HS provided cardioprotection and had additive effects to HP with additional PKC-δ activation in young rats. However, in hearts from aging rats, HS alone was not cardioprotective, nor was its combination with HP, despite the induction of HS proteins and the activation of PKC-δ, resulting in its translocation to the nuclear fraction. Received: 14 March 2002, Returned for revision: 8 April 2002, Revision received: 24 May 2002, Accepted: 11 June 2002 Correspondence to: M. Tani, MD, PhD, FJCC, FACC, FAHA     

热休克蛋白70系列与应激性溃疡之间的相互关系

生物细胞在受到各种理化因素刺激后,可以产生一系列的应激反应,诱导热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)表达.在众多的HSP中,HSP70家族是生物进化过程中最为保守也是目前人们研究最多的一组蛋白.应激可以诱导机体胃黏膜的损伤并可以降低胃黏膜的屏障保护作用,进而导致应激性溃疡的产生,同时加速热休克蛋白的合成,而热休克蛋白反过来又可预防应激性溃疡的发生,抑制胃黏膜细胞凋亡,促进胃溃疡的愈合.本文综述了主要的热休克蛋白分子的分类、调节以及在应激性溃疡中的表达和应用,并简要论述了通过诱导热休克蛋白表达而作为胃黏膜保护剂的几种药物.     

HSP70,HSP90在结肠癌中表达及其和生物学行为的相关性

目的:探讨HSP70,HSP90在人结肠癌中的表达情况及其和结肠癌细胞生物学行为的相关性.方法:结肠癌患者手术标本40例,分别以癌组织、癌旁2cm组织和远离癌灶的正常黏膜组织作为病例组和对照组.用亲和免疫组织化学技术方法检测HSP70和HSP90,并收集该40例患者的临床Duke's分期,分析HSP70和HSP90蛋白的阳性程度和结肠癌临床分期是否存在相关性.结果:癌组织HSP70和HSP90的表达明显增高,癌组织、癌旁组织和正常黏膜组织三组之间HSP70和HSP90表达率有明显差异(HSP70:82.5%vs52.5%vs25%,χ2=26.58,P=0.000;72.5%vs42.5%vs22.5%,χ2=20.41,P=0.000);HSP70和HSP90蛋白的阳性程度和结肠癌临床分期存在相关性(HSP70:tau_b=0.392,P=0.006;HSP90:tau_b=0.396,P=0.006).结论:结肠癌细胞存在HSP70和HSP90蛋白的过度表达,HSP70,HSP90和结肠癌细胞的生物学行为存在相关性.     

肺结核患者血浆中热休克蛋白70的表达及意义

目的通过检测肺结核患者外周血中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达情况,旨在探讨HSP70与肺结核的关系。方法采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测32例活动性肺结核组患者外周血中HSP70蛋白的表达情况,并与25例稳定性肺结核组及30例健康对照组进行对照分析。结果活动性肺结核患者血浆中HSP70蛋白表达水平为(7.5±1.3)ng/ml,显著高于稳定性肺结核组(5.5±1.7)ng/ml及健康对照组(5.3±0.8)ng/m(P<0.01);稳定性肺结核组与健康对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论活动性肺结核患者存在HSP70的过度表达,提示HSP70可能通过某些未明机制参与活动性肺结核的发病,并可辅助肺结核活动性的判断。     

Expression and significance of heat shock protein 70 and glucose-regulated protein 94 in human esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) in human esophageai carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. METHODS: The expression of HSP70 and grp94 in 78 human esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues was studied by immunohistochemistry and pathology photograph analysis. RESULTS: Both esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues could express HSP70 and grp94. Of the 78 cases of esophageai carcinoma, 95.0%(72/78) showed positive HSP70, mainly stained in nuclei, while grp94 was mainly stained in cell plasma, and the positive rate was 71.8% (56/78).There was a significant difference in the expression of HSP70 and grp94 between esophageai cancer and adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01). Compared with adjacent normal tissues, there was a significant difference between differential types and HSP70 expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HSP70 and grp94 express differently in cell plasma and nuclei. The expression intensity of HSP70 is related to the differentiation of esophageai carcinoma.     

热休克蛋白70对心脏移植供心保护作用的实验研究

目的:本实验通过热休克预适应产生热休克蛋白70,研究其是否对心脏移植中的供心有保护作用。方法:建立大鼠异位心脏移植模型并随机分为6组:对照组,经热处理的R0h、R24h、R48h、R96h及R192h实验组。分别于移植后24h取出供心,测定供心中HSP70含量,同时测定受体血液中和供心组织中心肌酶学变化并观察供心组织超微结构的变化。结果:HSP70在R24h组中表达明显增高(P0.01),在R48h和R96h组中逐渐下降,在对照组、R0h组、R192h组表达无差异(P0.05)。同时,R24h组受体中的乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶浓度最低,供心的炎症损伤最小。结论:热休克预适应可能是一种临床中切实可行的减轻心肌缺血缺氧损伤的方法。热休克预适应-HSP70-心肌保护作用之间存在时间-剂量-疗效的关联。     

Elevated levels of circulating heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in peripheral and renal vascular disease

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are families of phylogenetically conserved molecules that have a range of cytoprotective and intracellular functional roles. Reactivity to heat shock proteins has been implicated in the development of autoimmune disease and tissue expression of heat shock proteins and increased levels of anti-Hsp antibodies have also been reported in vascular disease. This study compared circulating levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 and antihuman Hsp60, antihuman Hsp70, and antimycobacterial Hsp65 antibodies in peripheral (PVD) and renal (RVD) vascular disease with those in age- and sex-matched controls. Levels of Hsp70 were higher in both PVD (median 580 vs 40; P < 0.01) and RVD (median 160 vs 0; P < 0.03), whereas there were no differences in Hsp60 levels. Anti-Hsp60 antibody levels were elevated in PVD (146 vs 81 arbitrary units/ml; P < 0.04), but not RVD. This is the first study to demonstrate increased levels of circulating Hsp70 in pathological disease states; however, its physiological role remains to be determined. Received: November 10, 1999 / Accepted: May 12, 2000     

The role of apoptosis in myocardial ischemia: a critical appraisal

The role of apoptosis in cardiac ischemia is not clarified yet. Own data show that suicidal cell death is apparently not important in global ischemia where it only affects a small number of myocytes (8 %) while the majority of cells, i.e. 92 % die by oncosis. In acute regional ischemia it is most probably not a decisive factor. However, more solid data are needed to justify this statement. Human hibernating myocardium shows an activation of the apoptotic cascade, i.e., apoptosis might contribute to cell loss in this pathophysiological situation of multiple ischemic episodes. Manifold unresolved issues contribute to problems in determining the role of apoptosis in ischemia. These include 1) Uncertainty of the duration of the apoptotic cascade from activation of death receptors at the cellular membrane until DNA fragmentation occurs, 2) The role of the mitochondrial pathway, 3) The mode of removal of myocytes after cell death has occurred, 4) Technical problems such as specificity of the TUNEL method, detection of low abundance proteins such as activated caspases or cytochrome C, statistical considerations. These issues and many others should be clarified before any definite conclusion as to the role of apoptosis in ischemia may be drawn. Received: 22 January 2001, Returned for revision: 22 January 2001, Revision received: 23 January 2001, Accepted: 23 January 2001     

2型糖尿病患者热休克蛋白70基因多态性的变化

目的探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR．RFLP）方法，检测HSP70基因型在112例2型糖尿病患者和110例对照组的分布情况。结果112例2型糖尿病患者HSP70—1A／A、A／B和B／B3种基因型的分布频率分别为73．2％、23．2％和3．6％，HSP70．2A／A、A／B和B／B3种基因型的分布频率分别是55．4％、34．8％和9．8％，HSP70-hom A／A、A／B和B／B3种基因型频率分别是58．9％、37．5％和3．6％；110例对照组HSP70—1A／A、A／B、B／B基因型分布频率分别是54．5％、40．9％和4．6％，HSP70-2A／A、A／B、B／B3种基因型频率分别是52．7％，36．4％和10．9％，HSP70-hom A／A、A／B、B／B3种基因型频率分别是47．3％、47．3％和5．4％。结论112例2型糖尿病患者HSP70-1A／A、A／B和B／B3种基因型的分布与110例对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而HSP70-2和HSP70-homA／A、A／B和B／B3种基因型的分布与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。