Correlates of HIV vaccine trial participation: an Indian perspective

Successful conduct of HIV vaccine trials in a population of great cultural diversity like India could be a challenge. Concerns, knowledge gaps and willingness to participate in future HIV vaccine trials were studied among 349 patients attending three sexually transmitted infections clinics and one reproductive tract infections clinic. Overall willingness to volunteer for HIV vaccine trials was 48%. Women and men at risk of HIV infection were willing to participate in the HIV vaccine trials. Factors associated with increased willingness to participate in these trials were awareness of current HIV vaccine efforts, realization of importance of vaccine for self, concern about adverse events and altruism.     

Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine clinical trials among Chinese men who have sex with men

HIV vaccine trials require volunteers. Little is known about willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV vaccine trials among Chinese MSM. A survey of 550 MSM was conducted from March to June 2008, in Beijing, China. Data were collected on demographics, behaviors, perceptions about HIV/AIDS and HIV vaccines, and concerns about participation in HIV vaccine clinical trials. Of study participants, 35.8% were definitely willing to participate, 35.1% were probably willing, 16.4% were probably not willing, and 12.7% were definitely not willing. Analyses suggest that perceived family support, perceived protection against HIV infection and fear that participation would result in social distancing were associated with WTP. MSM in China may be good candidates for HIV vaccine trials. Further studies are needed to evaluate actual enrollment.     

北京市丰台区高校新生艾滋病认知与检测意愿调查

  目的  了解北京市丰台区大学新生艾滋病认知情况与检测意愿,为进一步开展大学生防艾教育提供参考依据。  方法  采用整群抽样方法,从北京市丰台区4所高等院校中的新生军训营中,各随机抽取2个连,被抽取到的连队中的全部学生共1 248名参与调查问卷,内容包括学生基本情况、艾滋病知晓情况、艾滋病检测意愿等。  结果  87.18%的学生知晓艾滋病相关知识,62.98%具有检测意愿。外地生源的学生艾滋病检测意愿(67.39%)高于北京生源学生(55.65%)(χ2=17.32,P < 0.05)。知晓艾滋病相关知识的学生检测意愿(65.26%)强于不知晓者(47.50%)(χ2=18.87,P < 0.05)。接受艾滋病检测的主要顾虑是担心泄露隐私(23.24%)和费用问题(18.59%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,艾滋病基本知识8道题目中,提高其中5道题目的知晓率有助于提升检测意愿(P值均 < 0.05)。多数学生更倾向在医院和疾病预防控制中心获取艾滋病检测服务,接受率分别为68.51%和42.79%。  结论  有针对性地对大学生艾滋病认知的薄弱环节开展相关健康教育活动,有助于提升艾滋病检测意愿。     

有无临床实/见习经历的医学生为艾滋病患者提供医疗服务意愿的对比研究

目的 调查有无临床实/见习经历的医学生关于艾滋病的相关知识、态度及医疗服务意愿的差别,为消除艾滋病歧视提供科学依据。 方法 采取分层整群随机抽样方法对某医科大学的600名医学生进行问卷调查。 结果 301名参加过实/见习的医学生对艾滋病知识的得分高于274名未实/见习医学生(t=6.05,P<0.05),但在态度及医疗服务意愿方面无差异(t=0.71,P>0.10)。 结论 应该对医学生加强关于艾滋病知识的教育以及普及,特别是在医疗防护知识方面。     

Are young injection drug users ready and willing to participate in preventive HCV vaccine trials?

Trials to evaluate the efficacy of preventive HCV vaccines will need participation from high risk HCV seronegative injection drug users (IDUs). To guide trial planning, we assessed willingness of young IDU in San Francisco to participate in HCV vaccine efficacy trials and evaluate knowledge of vaccine trial concepts: placebo, randomization and blinding. During 2006 and 2007, a total of 67 participants completed the survey. A substantial proportion (88%) would definitely (44%) or probably (44%) be willing to participate in a randomized trial, but knowledge of vaccine trial concepts was low. Reported willingness to participate in an HCV vaccine trial decreased with increasing trial duration, with 67% of participants surveyed willing to participate in a trial of 1 year duration compared to 43% of participants willing to participate in a trial of 4 years duration. Willingness to enroll in HCV vaccine trials was higher in young IDU than reported by most at-risk populations in HIV vaccine trials. Educational strategies will be needed to ensure understanding of key concepts prior to implementing HCV vaccine trials.     

2009年郴州市某医院实习护生艾滋病相关职业暴露知识、态度与护理意愿调查

[目的]了解实习护生对艾滋病相关职业暴露的认知、害怕心理以及护理意愿,为开展进一步的宣传教育提供依据。[方法]2009年12月,对郴州市第一人民医院的实习护生114人进行问卷调查。[结果]调查114人,艾滋病职业暴露相关知识总知晓率为63.94%,其中本科生为67.38%,专科生为59.83%(P<0.05);在给出假想的与艾滋病感染者发生日常接触9种情况下,99.12%的人至少有1项回答害怕,对9项问题的平均惧怕率,本科生为49.46%,专科生为39.74%;如果有手外伤的艾滋病感染者,64.91%表示看情况再作决定是否帮他处理,有1.75%表示拒绝。[结论]实习护生AIDS相关职业暴露知识知晓率不高,对日常接触传染艾滋病存在害怕心理,护理意愿低。     

农民接受艾滋病病毒检测意向和结果告知范围的研究

目的 研究农村居民接受艾滋病病毒(HIV)自愿检测意向和检测结果告知范围。方法 运用两阶段整群抽样方法,调查l057名15-49岁的农村居民,采用匿名问卷表,面对面和耳机听问题答卷的方式。结果 在听说过HIV的653名调查对象中,575名(88．1％)有接受HIV检测的意向。其中,90．2％愿意将检测结果告知配偶,77．1％愿告诉其他家庭成员,54．8％愿告诉朋友,50．8％愿告诉邻居。logistic回归分析提示,与接受检测意向有关联的因素为男性,HIV／AIDS知识水平较高。结论 HIV／MDS知识知晓程度影响居民接受HIV检查意向,应开展HIV／AIDS知识的健康教育,提高农村居民对AIDS的警觉性。     

广州市中学生艾滋病知识知晓情况及其影响因素

了解广州市中学生艾滋病相关知识的知晓情况及影响因素,为学校开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据.方法 采用分阶段整群抽样方法,对广州市25所中学的4 096名中学生进行问卷调查,获取艾滋病相关知识和行为等信息.结果 广州市中学生艾滋病知识总体知晓率为58.69%(2 404/4 096).48.12%(1 971/4 096)的学生近1年接受过预防艾滋病的宣传服务,学生知识的主要来源是艾滋病教育处方(63.48%)、艾滋病知识宣传栏/海报(60.63%)和专家专题讲座(43.75%).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.04~ 1.36)、学校提供过艾滋病防治知识教育(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.56~2.17)、近1年接受过预防艾滋病的宣传服务(OR=2.54,95%CI=2.21 ~ 2.92)的学生艾滋病知识知晓率较高(P值均<0.05).结论 广州市中学生艾滋病知识知晓水平较低,尤其对艾滋病流行形势、主要传播途径和新型毒品危害方面的知识缺乏.学校应加强针对流行新形势的艾滋病防治宣传教育.     

某医科院校学生艾滋病KAP现况调查

目的：了解某医科院校学生艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为（KAP）,为进一步有针对性地开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据。方法：随机抽取三、四年级本科生及研究生共400名,采用自行设计的问卷进行现况调查。结果：总体上医学生对艾滋病的三大传播途径普遍知晓,但对三大传播途径具体细节问题的答对率相对较低;对艾滋病非传播途径和预防艾滋病具体方法的认识存在误区：认为＂昆虫叮咬＂、与HIV感染者＂共用浴池＂和＂共用坐式马桶＂会感染HIV的学生比例分别为47.8%、38.8%和36.3%;认为＂锻炼身体＂、＂吃保健品和营养品＂能预防艾滋病的学生比例分别为55.7%和20.1%;学生对HIV感染者普遍存有歧视;预防专业学生对艾滋病相关知识的知晓好于临床和卫生管理专业学生。结论：医学生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握不够全面深入,医科院校应结合学生未来职业的特殊性,充分利用其医学教育资源可及性好的特点,重视发挥各种资源优势,全面系统地向学生进行艾滋病相关知识的传授。     

汶川县中学生艾滋病知识态度调查

目的 了解汶川县中学生艾滋病相关知识及态度,为进一步开展青少年学生艾滋病健康教育工作提供科学依据.方法 采取整群随机抽样方法抽取汶川县2所中学初一至高三年级学生500名,进行艾滋病相关知识及态度的统一问卷调查,对调查结果进行描述性分析.结果 被调查中学生艾滋病基本知识总知晓率为43.2％,其中初中和高中学生对艾滋病基本知识的知晓率有统计学差异,男女学生的知晓率无统计学意义;对艾滋病态度正确率44.8％;获取艾滋病防治知识的途经从高到低依次是报刊杂志、广播电视、互联网、医务人员、老师、同学或朋友、家人.结论 汶川县中学生对艾滋病基本知识掌握不够全面,对艾滋病存在歧视、恐惧心理,应进一步加强中学生艾滋病防治知识的健康教育工作.     

Young men who have sex with men’s awareness,acceptability, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials: Results from a nationwide online pilot study

BackgroundNew cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) underscore the need to examine their willingness to use biomedical prevention methods, including an acceptable and efficacious HIV vaccine. We examined whether YMSM’s vaccine altruism and vaccine-related socials concerns factors were associated with HIV vaccine acceptability across two vaccine efficacy scenarios, and their awareness and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research.MethodsThis secondary analysis uses data from a mHealth trial with YMSM at heightened HIV risk (N = 137; 50% racial/ethnic minority; M = 21.7 years). Most YMSM (91.2%) had tested for HIV, and 17.5% (N = 24) reported a prior STI. We used paired-samples t-test to compare differences in efficacy acceptability (50% vs 85%), followed by multivariable regressions examining whether vaccine attitudes (altruism and social concerns) were associated with vaccine acceptability and awareness and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials. We controlled for age, education, race/ethnicity, prior HIV testing, and STI diagnosis in our analyses.ResultsAcceptability for the HIV vaccine with 85% efficacy (M = 8.86; SD = 1.76) was greater than acceptability in the 50% efficacy scenario (M = 7.60; SD = 2.58). Altruistic attitudes were associated with greater vaccine acceptability at 50% (β = 0.62) and 85% (β = 0.59) efficacy. Higher educational attainment was negatively associated with a vaccine with 50% efficacy (β = −0.20, but not for 85% efficacy. Greater vaccine-related social concerns were negatively associated with HIV vaccine research awareness (AOR = 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.67). Willingness to participate in a HIV vaccine trial was positively associated with age (β = 0.18) and altruism (β = 0.60), and negatively associated with education (β = −0.21).ConclusionsYMSM find HIV vaccines as an acceptable prevention modality and are willing to participate in HIV vaccine trials. Findings highlight the need to consider YMSM's altruistic and social concerns attitudes in HIV vaccine research and explore how to leverage these attitudes in research campaigns.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02842060.     

Local knowledge and experiences of vaccination: implications for HIV-preventive vaccine trials in South Africa.

This study forms part of the preparation of communities for HIV-preventive vaccine trials in South Africa. On the basis of the assumption that attitudes to any HIV vaccine or vaccine trials will partly be influenced by experiences of vaccination in general, this study aimed to investigate knowledge of, attitudes to, and experiences of vaccination in a small semirural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study also sought to investigate the effect of traditional, cultural, and religious beliefs on attitudes to vaccination, as well as to get some indication of willingness to participate in potential HIV vaccine trials. Overall, the findings reveal a good knowledge of, and positive attitudes to, vaccination, with little negative effect of traditional, cultural, and religious beliefs. The findings also reveal a generally positive attitude to HIV vaccines and vaccine trials. Barriers identified, such as anxiety about safety, were not surprising.     

广州高校大学生艾滋病知识、态度现况及其影响因素分析

目的了解广州高校大学生艾滋病(AIDS)知识、态度的现状及其相关影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法在广州市选取4所高等院校,每院校每年级随机选取20名学生,采用统一调查问卷,调查AIDS传播途径及预防知识以及对待AIDS/HIV感染者的态度。采用Logistic回归分析方法筛选AIDS相关知识、态度的影响因素。结果共调查351名大学生,AIDS知识总知晓率为88.0%,其中传播途径知识总知晓率为91.3%,预防知识知晓率为80.6%;对待AIDS/HIV感染者正确态度率为44.9%。知识分值与态度分值呈正相关(r=0.121,P<0.05)。医学院校生知识得分高于非医学院校生(Z=-2.448,P<0.05);大学3~5年级学生知识得分高于1~2级学生(Z=-2.944,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,专业、年级、父亲文化程度、了解AIDS等是影响对待AIDS/HIV感染者正确态度的主要因素。获得AIDS相关知识的主要途径是书刊或报纸(占76.6%),其次是广播或电视(占68.9%)、互联网(占51.3%)。结论广州大学生掌握AIDS知识并不全面,对待AIDS/HIV感染者正确态度率较低,应进一步改进高等院校AIDS预防知识健康教育工作。建议开展学校健康促进活动,共同促进与实现有效的AIDS预防与控制。     

Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials among high risk men and women from fishing communities along Lake Victoria in Uganda

Introduction

HIV vaccine efficacy trials conducted in suitable populations are anticipated in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the willingness to participate in future vaccine trials among individuals from fishing communities along Lake Victoria, Uganda.

Methods

From July to October 2012, we described a hypothetical vaccine trial to 328 (62.2% men) adults (18–49 years), at risk of HIV infection within 6 months of enrolment in a cohort and assessed their willingness to participate in the trial. Chi-square and logistic regression models were fitted to assess associations between vaccine trial attributes, participants’ characteristics and willingness to participate.

Results

Overall, 99.4% expressed willingness to participate in the hypothetical HIV vaccine trial. This decreased marginally with introduction of particular vaccine trial attributes. Delaying pregnancy for 10 months and large blood draw had the largest effects on reducing willingness to participate to 93.5% (p = 0.02) and 94.5% (p = 0.01) respectively. All the vaccine trial attributes in combination reduced willingness to participate to 90.6%. This overall reduction in willingness to participate was significantly associated with gender and exchange of gifts for sex in multivariable analysis; women were more than three times as likely to have expressed unwillingness to participate in future vaccine trials as men (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.55, 7.33) and participants who never received gifts in exchange for sex were more than four times as likely to have expressed unwillingness as those who received gifts for sex (aOR = 4.5; 95%CI 1.30, 16.70). The main motivators of participation were access to HIV counselling and testing services (31.9%), HIV education (18.0%), hope of being prevented from acquiring HIV (16.6%) and health care (12.5%).

Conclusion

Our study identifies an important population for inclusion in future HIV prevention trials and provides important insights into acceptability of trial procedures, differences in decisions of women and men and areas for further participant education.     

武汉市医学专业女大学生性病与艾滋病知识调查

[目的]了解医学专业女大学生性病及艾滋病知识的知晓状况。[方法]在武汉地区的高校医学专业大学生,分层整群抽样,对调查对象进行无记名的自填式问卷调查表进行调查。[结果]共调查了985名女大学生,她们对艾滋病、淋病和梅毒的知晓率均在95%以上,对艾滋病3大传播途径的知晓率均在91%以上。除了对同性恋知晓率较低外,医学专业女大学生对艾滋病主要高危行为和高危人群的知晓率均在85%以上。但有6.90%的学生错误地把蚊子叮咬等当作艾滋病的传播途径,知道＂100%安全套行动＂的人仅有1.50%,知道＂性行为中女性比男性更容易感染艾滋病＂的也仅有27.00%。[结论]医学专业女大学生生具有一定的性病艾滋病知识,但仍需进一步提高。     

山西省侯马市外来女性务工人员艾滋病自愿咨询检测意愿及其影响因素

目的研究山西省侯马市外来女性流动人口对艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）的接受意愿及其影响因素。方法采用配额抽样的方法在市场、饭店、宾馆等女性流动人口较为集中的工作场所里招募外来女性务工人员700名．进行匿名问卷调查。结果女性流动人口对HIV／AIDS和VCT的知晓率低,开展免费的VCT门诊点后,59．1％表示愿意接受艾滋病咨询检测：最希望接受VCT的地点或方式有：疾病预防控制中心（42．3％）、医院门诊（28.3％）、上门服务（20．8％）和计划生育门诊（8．7％）。Logistic回归分析显示,与接受艾滋病VCT意愿相关联的因素为：有较高的HIV／AIDS知识水平、不歧视HIV感染者和有过HIV检测史。结论有必要在流动人口聚集的社区开展旨在普及艾滋病防治知识、提高VCT知晓率和推动VCT的开展以及消除对HIV感染者歧视的健康教育。     

某医专新生艾滋病知识调查

目的了解漯河医学高等专科学校入学新生的艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为现状,为今后制订针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法随机抽取2009级1500名新生进行艾滋病知识问卷调查。结果艾滋病知识总体平均得分为7.56,知识较贫乏,76.30%学生对艾滋病感染者或患者持同情态度;83%的学生不赞成婚前性行为。结论应对新生尽早进行全面、系统的艾滋病知识培训讲授,提高他们艾滋病防治知识,并促进改变行为。     

医学院校大学生HIV/AIDS知识、态度调查

目的了解医学院校学生的艾滋病知识和态度,为开展艾滋病防治工作提供依据。方法以某医科大学大二学生为调查对象,随机抽取10个班级进行调查,共计341人进行横断面现场调查。结果医学生对艾滋病的传播途径问题回答的正确率较高,超过90%,对非传播途径、艾滋病的早期临床症状问题回答的正确率较低。生源地为城市的学生得分高于农村的学生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。学校课程教育、互联网、电视、报纸杂志是学生获得艾滋病相关知识的主要途径。在对待艾滋病患者的问题上,该人群的态度较好,生源地为城市的学生得分高于农村的学生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。艾滋病相关知识得分和态度得分之间无相关性（r=0.06,P〉0.05）。结论医学生的艾滋病知识、态度较好,但仍存在不足,需要进一步开展艾滋病健康教育,尤其是农村学生的艾滋病防治知识的健康教育需进一步加强。     

某医学院校大学新生艾滋病知晓现状及相关因素的调查分析

目的 了解医学院校大学新生艾滋病知晓情况及影响因素,为今后高校开展大学生防治艾滋病健康教育提供参考。方法 对河南某医学院校大一新生进行艾滋病知晓情况调查,内容包括一般人口学特征、“艾滋病国八条”、其他艾滋病防治知识等。采用SPSS 21.0 软件对新生知晓情况进行统计描述,对影响新生艾滋病知识知晓率的因素进行单因素分析,采用 logistic 回归分析其知晓率的影响因素。结果 4 520名新生对“艾滋病国八条”以及其他艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为69.8%。单因素分析结果显示:性别(χ2=120.733,P<0.001)、生源地(χ2=236.379,P<0.001)、专业类别(χ2=34.051,P<0.001)、父母学历(χ2=51.408,P<0.001)、是否有过性行为(χ2=5.409,P<0.05)、是否愿意在学校加入宣传艾滋病学生社团(χ2=29.679,P<0.001)、是否愿意在学校参加艾滋病相关讲座(χ2=15.735,P<0.001)、艾滋病在学生群体中的形势很严峻(χ2=114.371,P<0.001)等因素影响学生知晓率,差异有统计学意义。logistic逐步回归法结果显示:性别(OR=2.574)、生源地(OR=3.740)、愿意加入艾滋病学生社团(OR=1.643)、愿意参加艾滋病知识讲座(OR=1.288)是大学新生知晓艾滋病防治知识的促进因素。结论 医学院校大一新生对艾滋病防治知识知晓水平偏低,应结合新生的特点以及学校的优势,有针对性地开展艾滋病防治健康宣教,从而为高校艾滋病预防和控制工作提供参考。     

2014－2018年长沙市青年学生艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的 了解长沙市青年学生艾滋病知识知晓、接受预防艾滋病干预服务及性行为状况,为今后制定实施青年学生艾滋病防控措施提供依据。 方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统-艾滋病防治基本信息系统及艾滋病专题调查信息管理系统导出2014－2018年长沙市青年学生艾滋病哨点监测数据,用SPSS 18.0软件分析各年度监测青年学生基本信息及艾滋病相关知信行特征。 结果 2014－2018年监测的4 000名学生艾滋病防治知识总知晓率92.6%,各年分别为87.0%、91.5%、93.4%、91.8%、99.4%,知晓率呈逐年上升趋势(χ²_趋势=72.949,P<0.001),男生与女生的知晓率水平均呈上升趋势,2016年及以前男生知晓率高于女生,2017年起两者知晓率水平无差异;最近1年接受过预防艾滋病干预服务总干预率为60.5%,历年分别为45.5%、45.1%、61.2%、65.4%、85.0%,五年干预率有明显上升(χ²_趋势=329.534,P<0.001),除2015年,不同性别干预率水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6.8%的监测对象有过性行为,首次性行为平均年龄(18.9±1.4)岁,首次性行为安全套使用率为55.5%。有性行为的监测对象中,最近1年与固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性伴和同性性伴均有性行为发生,分别为44.2%、16.0%、2.9%、1.1%。 结论 长沙市青年学生对于艾滋病防治知识的掌握已达到国家要求水平,但自我保护和防范意识有欠缺,存在感染的高危行为。建议高校艾防工作应针对学生人群特点,加大艾防工作力度。