应用染色体涂染技术检测慢性粒细胞白血病少见Ph易位的初探

为了对４例先经染色体Ｒ显带检查，初步诊断为少见Ｐｈ易位的慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）患者的骨髓染色体异常，又采用染色体涂染技术作了进一步研究。结果显示，２例为简单变异易位，核型分别是４６，ＸＸ，ｔ（５；２２）（ｑ３４；ｑ１１）和４６，ＸＸ，ｔ（１９；２２）（ｑ１３；ｑ１１）；１例为隐匿易位，核型是４６，ＸＹ，ｔ（１；２２）（ｑ４１；ｑ１１）；另１例为涉及３条染色体异常的复杂易位，核型是４６，ＸＹ，ｔ（７；９；２２）（ｑ３１；ｑ３４；ｑ１１）。本研究表明，染色体涂染技术可作为显带染色体检测ＣＭＬ少见Ｐｈ易位的一种辅助手段     

Prader—Willi综合征的临床与细胞遗传学研究—附2例报道

Ｐｒａｄｅｒ－Ｗｉｌｉ综合征（ＰＷＳ）是比较常见的邻近基因微缺失综合征，主要表现为肌张力低下，智能减退、性腺发育不良和肥胖。其临床特征随年龄不同而有所改变。本文２例ＰＷＳ患儿临床特征典型，经外周血淋巴细胞培养，Ｇ、Ｃ、Ｒ显带染色体核型分析，结果：１例存在１５号染色体的微缺失。核型为４６，ＸＹ，ｄｅｌ（１５）（ｑ１１．２－ｑ１３），１例未发现缺失。本文就ＰＷＳ的临床特征、细胞分子遗传学及遗传咨询与优生进行讨论     

一例46，XX，t（2;10）（q23;q22），t（4;12）（q35;q2103）

一例４６，ＸＸ，ｔ（２；１０）（ｑ２３；ｑ２２），ｔ（４；１２）（ｑ３５；ｑ２１０３）龙志高李麓芸夏家辉患者女，３５岁。智力正常，结婚５年，自然流产１次。体查：生长发育正常，表型正常。细胞遗传学检查：外周血淋巴细胞培养，Ｇ显带，核型为４６，ＸＸ，ｔ（...     

一例染色体平衡易位t(13；16)伴流产

患者男，２９岁，表型正常，外生殖器及精液检查均正常，结婚４年，妻子３次怀孕均在２～３个月自然流产，妇科检查正常，非近亲结婚。细胞遗传学检查：外周血淋巴细胞培养，Ｇ显带分析，妻子染色体核型正常，患者染色体核型为４６，ＸＹ，ｔ（１３；１６）（１３ｐｔｅｒ...     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血浆血栓素B_2和6－酮－前列腺素F_（1α）含量的变化及其与肺动脉高压的关系

为了探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者血栓素Ａ_２（ＴＸＡ_２）和前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）与肺动脉高压的关系，我们对伴有和不伴有肺动脉高压的３０例缓解期ＣＯＰＤ患者血浆中血栓素Ｂ_２（ＴＸＢ_２）及６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１α）（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α））的含量变化进行了观察，还对７例伴肺动脉高压的ＣＯＰＤ患者不同病期的肺动脉平均压（ＰａＰ）、血浆ＴＸＢ_２及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）．水平作了对比分析。结果发现，缓解期ＣＯＰＤ患者中，伴肺动脉高压者血浆ＴＸＢ_２明显增高，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）显著下降，ＴＸＢ_２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）明显增大，与不伴肺动脉高压者比较，差异非常显著（Ｐ均＜０．０１），而不伴肺动脉高压者的这些指标与正常人的比较，则无统计学意义（Ｐ均＞０．０５）；与急性期比较，ＣＯＰＤ患者缓解期ＰａＰ明显下降，ＴＸＢ_２亦显著降低，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）明显升高，ＴＸＢ_２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）缩小（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；相关分析发现，伴肺动脉高压者ＰａＰ与ＴＸＢ_２呈明显正相关，与６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１α）呈负相关（ｎ＝２８，ｒ＝＋０．４６、－０．３９，Ｐ均＜０．０５）     

福州地区113例智力低下者的染色体检查及分析

本文对１１３例智力低下者的染色体检查结果进行分析。５０例染色体异常,异常率为４４２５％,２１－三体仍居首位,占３３７１％。１３ｑ三体２例,比较核型４６,ＸＸ／４６,ＸＸ,－１３,＋ｔ（１３ｑ;１３ｑ）及４６,ＸＸ,－９,＋ｔ（９ｑ;１３ｑ）,前者为单纯１３ｑ三体,后者除１３ｑ三体外,伴有９ｐ单体,提出造成智力低下的主要原因为１３ｑ三体,致病位点可能位于１３ｑ上。异态性７例,其中４６,ＸＸ（ＸＹ）３例,其它４例,认为染色体的异态性可能亦与中枢神经系统的发育完善有关。     

一例46,XX,-9, der(9),t(9;11)(p13;q13)

一例４６，ＸＸ，－９，＋ｄｅｒ（９），ｔ（９；１１）（ｐ１３；ｑ１３）侯玲玉符柳江刘俊范患儿女，９天，系第２胎足月顺产，出生时体重３０００ｇ。因发热、黄疸就诊。父母身体健康，非近亲婚配，怀孕时父亲年龄为４８岁，母亲年龄为２６岁，无流产史，孕６周时出现...     

t（X；4）平衡易位一例

ｔ（Ｘ；４）平衡易位一例孙俊茹患者女，２１岁，因原发性闭经来诊。体检：身高１７０ｃｍ，外耳廓大，口吃、耳聋。第２性征缺如，无阴道，条索状子宫。细胞遗传学检查：Ｇ显带，计数５０个中期分裂相，分析５个核型。核型为：４６，Ｘ，ｔ（Ｘ；４）（Ｘｐｔｅｒ→Ｘｑ...     

t(5;13;14)伴习惯性流产一例

患者女，３０岁。因连续６次自然流产就诊。查体：身高１６１ｃｍ，体重５１ｋｇ，表型、智力正常。妇科检查正常。细胞遗传学检查：取外周血常规培养，染色体制备，Ｇ显带分析，核型为４６，ＸＸ，ｔ（５；１３；１４）作者单位：４３４１００湖北省荆州市中心医院医学检...     

白细胞介素—8对大鼠失血性休克血浆6—keto—PGF1α和TXB2含量的影响

目的和方法：本文观察重组人内皮细胞衍生的白细胞介素－８（ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８）对大鼠晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量的影响，并与平均动脉血压（ＭＡＢＰ）的变化作相关性分析。结果：晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显降低（１０６７４±１２２６ｖｓ１５６８２±１１４２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高（３１８３６±２６．５４ｖｓ１７４９１±２１５８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１；给予ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８（２５０μｇ／ｋｇ）后，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显升高（３６８４７±１５６８ｖｓ１０３７６±１３１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，其血浆水平与ＭＡＢＰ变化呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．７４６，Ｐ＜００１）；ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８对血浆ＴＸＢ２含量却无明显影响。结论：ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８抗晚期失血性休克作用与其促进血管内皮细胞产生和释放ＰＧＩ２有关     

一例45,XX,-13/46,XX,r(13)/46,XX,r(13;13)/47,XX,2r(13)(p13q32.3)患者及其表型定位研究

目的　通过对 1例 13号环状染色体综合征患者的染色体分析、表型定位研究和相关文献复习比较 ,探索染色体区带与表型的关系。方法　应用染色体G带、C带、N带、高分辨显带技术、表型定位和文献复习比较分析方法 ,对 1例 13号环状染色体综合征患者进行了研究。结果　患儿双亲核型正常 ,患儿核型为 45 ,XX ,-13 /4 6,XX ,r( 13 ) /4 6,XX ,r( 13 ;13 ) /4 7,XX ,2r( 13 ) ( p13q3 2 .3 ) ;典型的 13号环状染色体综合征与 13q3 4的缺失相关 ;13号环状染色体综合征患者的手足、肾脏、骨骼、外生殖器异常及心脏杂音与 13 q3 2 q3 2 .2片段的缺失有关 ,缩颌与 13q3 2 .3 q3 3片段的缺失相关 ,肛门闭锁与 13 q2 2 q3 2的缺失相关 ,无脑畸形与 13 q13 q2 2片段的缺失相关。 结论　新的环状染色体断裂重接点在 13 p13和 13q3 2 .3 ;13号环状染色体综合征患者临床特征的差异与染色体区带缺失部位的不同密切相关。     

21号环状染色体的细胞遗传学分析

目的通过对1例21号环状染色体嵌合体患者的细胞遗传学分析,探讨21号环状染色体的形成原因,临床表型与染色体区带及嵌合比例的关系。方法应用染色体常规标本、G显带、C显带技术对21号环状染色体进行识别与区带定位。结果患者核型为mos46,XX,r（21）（pllq22）[91]／45,XX,-21[5]／46,XX,dicr（21;21）（pllq22;p11q22）[4]。结论环状染色体断裂位点在21pll和q22,21号环状染色体综合征的临床表现与核型嵌合比例及21q末端缺失的多少相关,女性不孕可能与21q22片段的缺失相关。     

Triple structural mosaicism of chromosome 18 in a child with MR/MCA syndrome and abnormal skin pigmentation.

A case of triple mosaicism involving chromosome 18 is described in a girl with abnormal skin pigmentation similar to hypomelanosis of Ito. The karyotype is 46,XX, -18, + del(18)(p11.23-->pter)/46,XX, -18, + idic(18)(p11.23)/46,XX, -18, + r(18). The patient displays some clinical features of monosomy 18p and a few signs of trisomy 18q. Our case illustrates a non-random association of chromosomal mosaicism with abnormal skin pigmentation.     

13q-/r(13) mosaicism.

A 2-month-old female infant with typical features of the 13q-syndrome was found to be a hitherto unreported mosaic consisting of 46,XX,del(13)(q22)-46,XX,r(13)(p13q22). Both of the 13q- and r(13) chromosomes were Ag N banding positive. Therefore, it was assumed that they had retained the satellite stalks. Two possible mechanisms were proposed for the genesis of the mosaicism. Firstly, the patients started with the 13q- chromosome, which then underwent breakage and reunion at both ends to form the r(13) chromosome. Secondly, the patients started with the r(13) chromosome, which reopened at or close to the joining point to form the 13q- chromosome.     

Characterization of a de novo 48,XX, + r(X), + r(17) by in situ hybridizatio in a patient with neurofibromatosis (NF1)

We describe a patient with familial neurofibromatosis (NF1), short stature, developmental delay, and a de novo chromosome abnormality. In sity hybridization was done using chromosome specific centromere probes to characterize the karyotype as 46,XX/47, XX,+r(X) (p11q11)/47,XX,+r(17) (p11q11)/48, XX,+r(X) (p11q11),+r(17) (p11q11). The NF1 mutation, as well as each superunmerary ring chromosome, may have played a role in perturbing the normal developmenal process of this patient. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Multiple apparently unrelated clonal chromosome abnormalities in a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

We have cytogenetically examined short-term cultures from a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, a tumor type in which chromosome aberrations hitherto have not been reported. No less than 12 pseudodiploid clones were detected, giving the tumor karyotype 46,X,der(X)t(X;1)(q26;p32),der(1)(Xqter→Xq26::1p32→cen→1q42:),del(13)(q11q21),t(15;?) (q26;?)/46,XX,t(1;?)(p34;?),inv(2)(p21q11)/46,XX,t(1;10)(p32;q24)/46,XX,+der(1)(12pter→ 12p11::1p11→cen→1q32::11q13→11q32→1q42:),del(11)(q13q22), - 12, der(17)t(1:17) (q42;p13)/46,XX,inv(1)(p22q44)/47,XX,del(1)(q32),der(17)t(1:17)(p22;q25),der(1)inv(1) (q25q44)t(1;17)(p22;q25),ins(14;7)(q11;q22q36), + 14/46,XX,t(1;4)(q23;q35)/46,XX,t(1;21) (q25;q22),t(2;10)(q31;q26),t(22;?)(q12;?)/46,XX,del(1)(q32)/46,XX,t(1;8)(q44;q21)/46,XX, t(2;21)(q11;p11)/46,XX,t(9;11)(q34;q13). The large number of apparently unrelated abnormalities leads us to suggest that the carcinoma may have been of multiclonal origin.     

Two forms of ring 13 in a child with rhabdomyosarcoma

Mosaicism for two forms of ring 13 was found in a child with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder, minor anomalies, and developmental delay. Her chromosome constitution was 46,XX,r(13)(p11q34)/46,XX,r del(13)(p11q14). Both cell lines were present in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. The cell line with the smaller ring chromosome predominated in both tissues. The child's manifestations reflect the presence of both cell lines.     

Multiple unrelated clonal chromosome abnormalities in an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

We have cytogenetically analyzed short-term cultures from an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (Bowen's disease). The following mosaic tumor karyotype was found: 46,XX, -1, +der(1)(pter----p22::q11----cen----p22:), -9, +der(9)t(1;9)(q11; p24)/46,XX,t(3;6) (q21;p21)/46,XX,t(5;14)(q13;q24),t(7;18)(q32;q11)/46,XX,t(8;11)(p22;q13) /46, XX,t(8;11) (p22;q13),t(15;17) (q13;q24)/46,XX,t(12;15)(q12;p11). None of the rearrangements correspond to previously known cancer-associated abnormalities. Two of the clones are obviously related, and it is reasonable to assume that the t(15;17) developed as an evolutionary change in a cell that already contained t(8;11)(p22;q13). Since five clones without cytogenetic similarities were found in this in situ skin carcinoma, we suggest that the tumor was of polyclonal origin. It is impossible to decide whether all, or indeed any, of the visible abnormalities constitute pathogenetically essential primary changes, or merely represent chromosomal markers of secondary importance in tumorigenesis.     

Characterization of chromosomal breakpoints in an ALL patient using cross-species color banding

Cross-species color-banded karyotype (Rx-FISH) results were compared with those of conventional G-banded metaphases from the same sample. Breakpoints and karyotype were confirmed as 46,XX,t(8;22)(q24;q11), der(9)t(1;9)(q21;p13) through the novel technology of cross-species color banding in an acute leukemic patient (ALL, L3); the karyotype was 46,XX,t(8;22)(q24;q11),der(9)t(1;9)(q25;p24) by conventional G-banding.     

Basosquamous papilloma. A benign epithelial skin tumor with multiple cytogenetic clones

Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures from a basosquamous papilloma revealed the following mosaic karyotype: 46,XX,t(2;5)(q31;q31),t(8;15)(p21;q21)/46,XX,t(7;17)(p13;p13)/47,XX, t(3;20)(q12;p13),+7/46,XX,t(1:12)(p12;q13). The finding of four abnormal, cytogenetically unrelated clones suggests a multicellular origin of this benign skin tumor. None of the structural rearrangements encountered have previously been associated with neoplasia.