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1.
Shannon M. Suldo Melanie M. McMahan Ashley M. Chappel Troy Loker 《School mental health》2012,4(2):69-80
The current study explored the relationship between school climate perceptions and self-reported mental health among 415 high
school students. Mental health was defined comprehensively via indicators of positive functioning (life satisfaction) and
psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing problems). Regression analyses indicated that students’ perceptions of six
dimensions of school climate (sharing of resources, order and discipline, parent involvement, school building appearance,
student interpersonal relations, and student–teacher relations) accounted for a total of 15–22 % of the variance in indicators
of their mental health, above and beyond between-school differences in outcomes. Bivariate links emerged between positive
perceptions of each school climate dimension and better mental health. Parent involvement was the most consistent unique predictor
of mental health. Worse perceptions of the peer interpersonal relations, equal sharing of school resources, and physical appearance
of one’s school building uniquely predicted greater psychopathology (externalizing and internalizing problems, respectively),
whereas teacher–student relations were particularly associated with wellness (among girls only). Across indicators, school
climate was more highly associated with girls’ mental health. Directions for future research and implications for educators
are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Arturo Jimenez-Cruz Montserrat Bacardi-Gascon Octelina Castillo-Ruiz Zally Mandujano-Trujillo Alexandra Pichardo-Osuna 《Child psychiatry and human development》2010,41(5):490-500
Childhood obesity is being considered a global health epidemic, and one of the countries mostly affected by it is Mexico.
The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of low-income mothers with regard to their child’s weight status and physical
activity and their beliefs about healthy and high-density foods. A total of 813 mothers attending a vaccination centre at
three primary care clinics in three different regions of Mexico, and their infants ranging from 5 to 24 months old, participated
in the study. Anthropometrical measurements and interviews were conducted at the clinic. The child’s average age was 12.7 months.
Forty-three percent of mothers underestimate their child’s weight status; this percentage jumps to 83% when we refer to mothers
of overweight and obese children. Mothers with overweight and obese children, having a monthly income higher than 600 dollars,
less than 6 years of education, and having migrated to their current state of residence are more likely to underestimate their
child’s weight. A high percentage of the mothers wish their children were less active, and they do not consider that carbonated
and non-carbonated sweetened drinks and high fat snacks might be dangerous to their child’s health. In conclusion, low-income,
Mexican mothers highly underestimate their infant’s weight status and have higher risks of fostering an obesogenic environment. 相似文献
3.
Joshua M. Langberg Jeffery N. Epstein Erin Girio-Herrera Stephen P. Becker Aaron J. Vaughn Mekibib Altaye 《School mental health》2011,3(2):93-101
This study evaluated the homework functioning of middle-school students with ADHD to determine what aspects are most predictive
of school grades and the best source (e.g., parents or teachers) for obtaining this information. Students with ADHD in grades
5–8 (N = 57) and their parents and teachers completed the Children’s Organization Skills Scales (COSS) to measure materials organization,
planning, and time management, and parents completed the Homework Problems Checklist (HPC) to examine homework completion
and homework materials management behaviors. Regression analyses revealed that parent-rated homework materials management
and teacher-rated memory and materials management were the best predictors of school grades. These findings suggest that organization
of materials is a critical component of the homework completion process for students with ADHD and an important target for
intervention. Teachers were the best source of information regarding materials organization and planning, whereas parents
were a valuable source of information for specific homework materials management problems. 相似文献
4.
Husky MM McGuire L Flynn L Chrostowski C Olfson M 《Child psychiatry and human development》2009,40(1):15-24
This study compared demographic, academic, and clinical characteristics of adolescents at risk for mental health problems
who either did or did not request help during a voluntary mental health screening. High school students completed a self-report
to identify risk of mental health problems (n = 364). Students at risk were administered a clinical interview. Among those at risk, we compared those who requested help
(n = 61) to those who did not (n = 22). The group who did not request help had a larger proportion of Caucasian students, higher grades, fewer days absent,
and fewer detentions than their counterparts. In addition, those who did not request help were significantly more likely to
report suicidal ideation in the preceding 3 months (63.6% vs. 27.9%, p < .001). Relying on adolescents’ requests for help alone would likely not identify many of those with suicidal ideation.
Two-stage voluntary mental health screenings increase the detection of these adolescents at risk. 相似文献
5.
Kersten-Alvarez LE Hosman CM Riksen-Walraven JM van Doesum KT Smeekens S Hoefnagels C 《Child psychiatry and human development》2012,43(2):201-218
Previous studies of the long-term effects of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) on child development have mostly focused
on a limited set of outcomes, and have often not controlled for risk factors associated with maternal depression. The present
study compared children of postpartum depressed mothers (n = 29) with children from a community sample (n = 113) in terms of a broad range of developmental outcomes in the early school period. Controlling for risk factors associated
with maternal depression, we found that children of postpartum depressed mothers had lower ego-resiliency, lower peer social
competence, and lower school adjustment than the community sample children. In addition, girls of postpartum depressed mothers
showed lower verbal intelligence, and, unexpectedly, showed fewer externalizing problems than their counterparts in the community
sample. Results show that children’s capacities to deal with stress and interact with peers in the early school period may
be particularly affected by their mothers’ PPD. 相似文献
6.
Omigbodun OO Odukogbe AT Omigbodun AO Yusuf OB Bella TT Olayemi O 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2006,41(5):415-421
Background Studies suggest that high levels of stress and psychological morbidity occur in health care profession students. This study
investigates stressors and psychological morbidity in students of medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy and nursing at the University
of Ibadan.
Methods The students completed a questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stressors and the 12-item
General Health Questionnaire. Qualitative methods were used initially to categorise stressors. Data was then analysed using
univariate and logistic regression to determine odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results Medical and dental students were more likely to cite as stressors, overcrowding, strikes, excessive school work and lack of
holidays while physiotherapy and nursing students focused on noisy environments, security and transportation. Medical and
dental students (1.66; SD: 2.22) had significantly higher GHQ scores than the physiotherapy and nursing students (1.22; SD:
1.87) (t = 2.3; P = 0.022). Socio-demographic factors associated with psychological morbidity after logistic regression include being in a
transition year of study, reporting financial distress and not being a ‘Pentecostal Christian’. Although males were more likely
to perceive financial and lecturer problems as stressors and females to perceive faculty strikes and overcrowding as source
of stress, gender did not have any significant effect on psychological morbidity. Stressors associated with psychological
distress in the students include excessive school work, congested classrooms, strikes by faculty, lack of laboratory equipment,
family problems, insecurity, financial and health problems.
Conclusion Several identified stressors such as financial problems, academic pressures and their consequent effect on social life have
an adverse effect on the mental health of students in this environment especially for students of medicine and dentistry.
While stressors outside the reach of the school authorities are difficult to control, academic support including providing
a conducive learning environment, advice on means for sustenance, added support during periods of transition are key areas
for interventions. 相似文献
7.
This study used the Response Evaluation Measure-Youth (REM-Y-71), a self-report measure of 21 defense reactions, among school-age children. Participants were elementary and middle school students (n=290; grades 3–8; age range: 8–15; mean=11.73). Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor defense structure consistent with structure among high school and adult samples. The composite REM-Y defense scores for each factor were significant predictors of social desirability, using the Children’s Defensiveness Scale (CDS); anxiety, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC); and psychosocial functioning. This study represents the first cross-sectional empirical analysis of overall defense structure and use among children and early adolescents. 相似文献
8.
Sophie C. Reid Sylvia D. Kauer Paul Dudgeon Lena A. Sanci Lydia A. Shrier George C. Patton 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(6):501-507
Background Research examining adolescent mood, stresses, and coping has tended to use retrospective questionnaires which are affected
by recall biases. The aim of this study was to develop, pilot, and evaluate a youth-friendly mobile phone program to monitor,
in real-time, young people’s everyday experiences of mood, stress, and their coping behaviours.
Method and design A momentary sampling program was designed for mobile phones, and ran for 7 days, administering a brief questionnaire four
random times each day, capturing information on current activity, mood, responses to negative mood, stresses, alcohol and
cannabis use. Eleven high school students reviewed the program in focus groups, and 18 students completed 7 days of monitoring.
Results Engagement with the mobiletype program was high with 76% of 504 possible entries completed and 94% (17/18) of the participants reporting that the program
adequately captured their moods, thoughts, and activities. The mobiletype program captured meaningful and analyzable data on the way young people’s moods, stresses, coping strategies, and alcohol
and cannabis use, vary both between and within individuals.
Conclusions The mobiletype program captured a range of detailed and interesting qualitative and quantitative data about young people’s everyday mood,
stresses, responses, and general functioning. 相似文献
9.
10.
Michael Stokely Kelly Stephanie Cosner Berzin Andy Frey Michelle Alvarez Gary Shaffer Kimberly O’Brien 《School mental health》2010,2(3):132-141
School social work is a large and growing subspecialty in social work practice; however, little is known about present school
social work practice from a national perspective. The National School Social Work Survey (n = 1,639) represents the first data in over ten years to describe the diverse practice contexts and interventions employed
by school social workers. The survey also seeks to better understand school social work practice in light of the significant
educational reforms of the past decade that are increasingly shaping student experiences. Findings from this survey indicate
that the characteristics of school social workers, the context in which they practice, and their practice choices remain largely
unchanged over the past 10 years. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed based on these findings. 相似文献
11.
Gren-Landell M Tillfors M Furmark T Bohlin G Andersson G Svedin CG 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(1):1-7
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported social phobia in a community sample of Swedish adolescents
in junior high school, at the risk-period for developing social phobia. Of particular interest was to investigate gender differences
in prevalence across ages. Prevalence of sub-threshold social phobia was also studied.
Methods Students in grades 6–8 (aged 12–14) from seventeen schools in five Swedish municipalities were screened by means of a self-report
questionnaire, the social phobia screening questionnaire-for children (SPSQ-C).
Results Data from a sample of 2,128 students were analysed and showed a point-prevalence rate of 4.4% (95%CI 3.5–5.2) and a significant
gender difference (6.6% girls vs. 1.8% boys, P < 0.001). No significant differences in prevalence of probable cases emerged across the ages. At sub-threshold level, marked
social fear of at least one social situation was reported by 13.8% of the total group. “Speaking in front of class” and “calling
someone unfamiliar on the phone” were the most feared social situations. In the social phobia group, 91.4% reported impairment
in the school-domain due to their social fear.
Conclusion Social phobia is a common psychiatric condition in Swedish adolescents, especially in girls. As impairment in the school-domain
is reported to a high degree, professionals and teachers need to recognize social phobia in adolescents so that help in overcoming
the difficulties can be offered. 相似文献
12.
One probable consequence of rising rates of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in individuals without co-occurring intellectual
disability is that more young adults with diagnoses or traits of ASD will attend college and require appropriate supports.
This study sought to explore college students’ openness to peers who demonstrate ASD-characteristic behaviors. Results showed
a significant difference in openness between students who had a first-degree relative with an ASD (n = 18) and a gender-matched comparison group of students without such experience (F = 4.85, p = .035). Engineering and physical science majors did not demonstrate more overall openness. Universities should make efforts
to prevent social isolation of students with ASD, such as programs to educate students about ASD and supports to ease college
transition. 相似文献
13.
Kelly E. OConnor Stephanie A. Hitti Erin L. Thompson Albert D. Farrell Terri N. Sullivan 《School mental health》2020,12(1):169-181
The present study examined how perceptions of school climate differ across subgroups of early adolescents with distinct patterns of involvement in aggression and victimization. We identified subgroups among 800 sixth-grade students (87% African American, 51% female) based on latent class analysis of items assessing aggression and victimization. Consistent with previous research, we found support for a four-class solution that identified the following subgroups: aggressive-victims (8%), predominant-victims (12%), predominant-aggressors (28%), and youth with limited involvement (52%). Predominant-aggressors and aggressive-victims reported lower levels of teacher support and consistency and clarity of school rules than nonaggressive subgroups. Among male adolescents, aggressive-victims reported more positive perceptions of peer interactions than predominant-aggressors. Findings provide evidence that perceptions of school climate are related to early adolescents’ pattern of involvement in aggression and victimization, which has implications for school-based interventions targeting aggressive behavior. 相似文献
14.
Van Dorn RA Swartz MS Elbogen EB Swanson JW Kim M Ferron J McDaniel LA Scheyett AM 《Administration and policy in mental health》2006,33(4):449-460
Objective
Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) may include documenting advance instructions (AIs) and/or designating health care agents (HCAs). Laws authorizing PADs have proliferated in the past decade, but there has been little research regarding perceptions of barriers to the implementation of PADs among groups of mental health professionals.
Methods
A total of N=591 mental health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers) completed a survey regarding their perceptions of potential barriers to the effective implementation of PADs.
Results
Across the three professional groups barriers related to operational features of the work environment (e.g., lack of communication between staff, lack of access to the document) were reported at a higher rate than clinical barriers (e.g., inappropriate treatment requests, consumers’ desire to change their mind about treatment during crises). However, psychiatrists were more likely to report clinical barriers to implementation than both psychologists and social workers. In multivariable analyses, legal defensiveness, employment in public sector mental health services, and a belief that treatment refusals will outweigh the benefits of PADs were associated with more perceived barriers, whereas age and endorsing positive perceptions of PADs were associated with fewer perceived barriers.
Conclusion
Psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers tend to perceive significant potential barriers to PADs, related to operational aspects of these professionals’ work environment as well as certain clinical features of PADs for persons with severe mental illness. Additionally, legal defensiveness and general endorsement of PADs appear to shape perceptions of barriers to the effective implementation of PADs. 相似文献
15.
Multi-Informant Predictors of Social Inclusion for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders Attending Mainstream School 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alice P. Jones Norah Frederickson 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2010,40(9):1094-1103
This study examined differential profiles of behavioural characteristics predictive of successful inclusion in mainstream
education for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and comparison students. Multiple regression analyses using behavioural
ratings from parents, teachers and peers found some evidence for differential profiles predicting peer acceptance and rejection.
High levels of peer-rated shyness significantly predicted social rejection in comparison students only. Parent-rated prosocial
behaviour also differentially predicted social acceptance; high-levels of prosocial behaviour predicted acceptance in comparison
students, but low-levels were predictive for students with ASD. These findings suggest that schools may seek to augment traditional
social skills programmes with awareness raising about ASD among mainstream pupils to utilise peers’ apparent willingness to
discount characteristics such as ‘shyness’. 相似文献
16.
Helen Sweeting Robert Young Patrick West 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(7):579-586
Background Increases in a number of psychosocial disorders have been identified among Western youth in the second half of the Twentieth
century. However findings are not consistent, trends are complex, and comparisons over time are hampered by methodological
problems.
Methods Data were drawn from three samples identical in respect of age (15 years), school year (final year of statutory schooling)
and geographical location (the West of Scotland). Each sample was administered the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, a
measure of self-report psychological distress, in 1987 (N = 505), 1999 (N = 2,196) and 2006 (N = 3,194). Analyses were conducted to examine changes in: GHQ ‘caseness’; individual items; and factors, derived via confirmatory
factor analysis representing (a) ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ items, and (b) ‘anxiety and depression’, ‘loss of confidence or
self-esteem’ and ‘anhedonia and social dysfunction’.
Results Based on the standard (2/3) cut-off, ‘caseness’ rates in 1987, 1999 and 2006 were 12.7, 15.1 and 21.5% (males) and 18.8, 32.5
and 44.1% (females). Similar increases were observed with more stringent ‘caseness’ cut-offs. Examination of individual items
showed some to have increased much more markedly over time than others. There were larger increases among females for all
except two items and some evidence, among both genders, of steeper increases among ‘negative’ items compared with ‘positive’
ones. However, the differences in slope were very small compared with the overall increases in both types.
Conclusions Data from three samples identical in respect of age, school year and geographical location, show marked increases in GHQ-12
‘caseness’ among females between 1987 and 1999 and among both males and females between 1999 and 2006. Although slightly steeper
increases in ‘negative’ items raise the possibility that endorsing such symptoms may have become more acceptable, these were
small in comparison with increases in all dimensions of psychological distress. The next step is to identify causal explanations
for the increases reported here. 相似文献
17.
Parents’ concerns about their children’s development were examined prospectively at 14, 24, and 36 months for 89 younger siblings
of a child with autism. Parent reported concern was high at all ages (40–75%) and was higher at 24 and 36 months in children
with ASD than non-ASD outcomes (p < .05). Communication concerns were reported most frequently. Parent concern compared to impairment classification based
on concurrent standardized tests provided better specificity than sensitivity, and was better for communication than social
functioning. Parent communication concern (but not social concern) at 24 months and 36 months predicted ASD versus non-ASD
outcome; however, children’s impairment on standardized tests yielded greater predictive value at all ages (p < .001). Close monitoring of this at risk group is warranted. 相似文献
18.
This study examined social problems at school and relationships with peers, siblings, mothers, and fathers among children
with ADHD only (n = 41), ODD only (n = 14), ADHD + ODD (n = 47), and normal controls (n = 204) from a school-based sample of 2,463 first to ninth graders in Taiwan. ADHD and ODD symptoms were determined by teacher
and mother reports on the Conners’ Rating Scales and social adjustment problems were assessed by mother reports on the Social
Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents. Results indicated that relative to normal controls, children with ADHD + ODD
displayed greater levels of social adjustment problems across domains (i.e., school, peers, siblings, and parents) while children
with ADHD were significantly more impaired only in social adjustment at schools and children with ODD were more impaired only
in social adjustment at home. Some similarities and differences in our findings, in relation to the Western literature, were
discussed. 相似文献
19.
This study retrospectively reviews de-identified records from school-based mental health screening in a predominantly African
American community. We compare participation rates, screening results, referrals to services and access to care of white and
African American adolescents. Among those offered screening, 20.1% of white students (n = 297), and 28.8% of African American students (n = 499) were screened (χ2 = 32.47, df = 1, P < .001). African American students (45.1%) were significantly more likely than white students (33.0%), (AOR = 1.59; P = .003) to be identified as being at risk. In both racial groups, most youth accessed the school-based services (89.02%,
95% CI 82.25–95.79) and community services (86.57%, 95% CI 78.41–94.73) to which they were referred. The groups did not differ
in the odds of accessing community-based services (AOR = .58; P = .49). African American students were, however, more likely than white students to access school-based services (AOR = 10.08; P = .022). The findings support the effectiveness of screening in school settings in predominantly African American communities. 相似文献
20.
R. Peter Hobson Anthony Lee Jessica A. Hobson 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2010,40(6):653-664
In three experimental conditions, we tested matched children with and without autism (n = 15 per group) for their comprehension and use of first person plural (‘we’) and third person singular (‘he’) pronouns,
and examined whether such linguistic functioning related to their social interaction. The groups were indistinguishable in
their comprehension and use of ‘we’ pronouns, although within each group, such usage was correlated with ratings of interpersonal
connectedness with the collaborator. On the other hand, participants with autism were less likely to use third person pronouns
or to show patterns of eye gaze reflecting engagement with an interlocutor’s stance vis-à-vis a third person. In these settings,
atypical third person pronoun usage seemed to reflect limited communicative engagement, but first person pronouns were relatively
spared. 相似文献