白细胞介素-6在大鼠慢性牙周炎合并动脉粥样硬化模型中的表达

目的探讨大鼠慢性牙周炎（CP）合并动脉粥样硬化（As）模型中牙周组织、As斑块中血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的表达。方法60只成年Wistar雄鼠随机分为4组：正常对照组（A组）、CP组（B组）、As组（C组）、CP加As组（D组）,每组15只,各组接受相应的建模处理。观察牙周组织及动脉血管病理改变,免疫组织化学方法半定量分析牙周组织及As斑块中IL-6表达,酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测血清IL-6水平。结果牙周病理学观察：B、D组实验牙牙周炎症表现明显,附着丧失（AL）水平较A、C组有明显增加（P〈0.05）。动脉病理学观察：C、D组主动脉形成粥样硬化病变。免疫组化染色：B、D组IL-6在牙周组织及血清中的表达均高于其他组（P〈0.05）,D组As斑块中IL-6表达高于其他组（P〈0.05）。相关性分析显示,D组IL-6在牙周组织与As斑块中的表达呈正相关。结论CP与As的发生发展可能与IL-6表达升高有关。     

牙周炎对动脉粥样硬化影响的动物实验研究

目的建立牙周炎和动脉粥样硬化（AS）动物复合模型,探讨牙周炎对AS的影响。方法36只日本大耳白兔随机分为4组,包括单纯牙周炎（CP）组、牙周炎合并AS（CP+AS）组、单纯AS组和对照组,采用结扎结合涂牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P. gingivalis）的方法建立牙周炎动物模型,单侧髂动脉球囊内皮损伤术建立AS模型。建模成功后,采用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察样本的组织病理学改变;Elastica van Gieson（EVG）弹力纤维染色进行形态分析,计算髂动脉横断面内膜与中膜面积的比值。采用巢氏聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测受损动脉壁中P.gingivalis 16S rDNA。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测系统炎性因子的表达,包括C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）。结果CP+AS组的CRP、IL-6及IL-1β表达水平较其他组明显升高（P<0.01）,血管的内膜与中膜面积比均较其余组大（P<0.01）。在CP和CP+AS组的髂动脉中检出有P. gingivalis 16S rDNA存在。结论牙周炎对患AS
的动脉内膜的增厚可能起促进作用,其作用主要通过系统炎性因子的上调和细菌局部感染的作用来实现。     

Shh蛋白与慢性牙周炎炎症程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)信号通路中Shh蛋白与慢性牙周炎炎症程度的相关性。方法:选择健康对照20例(健康对照组),轻度牙周炎患者20例(轻度牙周炎组),中重度牙周炎患者20例(中重度牙周炎组),收集其龈沟液样本。采用ELISA法检测龈沟液中Shh蛋白、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的水平。结果:Shh蛋白、IL-6在慢性牙周炎组的水平均高于健康对照组(P<0.05),且中重度慢性牙周炎组高于轻度慢性牙周炎组(P<0.05);IL-10在轻度慢性牙周炎组的水平高于健康对照组及中重度慢性牙周炎组(P<0.05),且健康对照组高于中重度慢性牙周炎组(P<0.05);Shh蛋白、IL-6水平与出血指数(BI)、探诊深度(PD)均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:Shh信号通路可能参与了慢性牙周炎的炎症反应过程。     

慢性间歇性低氧对牙周炎大鼠血清中IL-6及PGE2含量的影响

目的 研究间歇性低氧(CIH)条件下,牙周炎大鼠血清前列腺素E2(PGE2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量变化,以探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSA HS)与牙周炎的相关关系.方法 32只6周龄健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只.A组:常氧对照;B组:常氧牙周炎;C组:间歇性低氧;D组:间歇性低氧+牙周炎.B、D组大鼠采用正畸细结扎丝结扎双侧上颌第二磨牙牙颈部,高糖饮食喂养.A、C组不作牙周处理,正常饮食,常氧环境.C、D组正常喂养的同时放入低氧舱内建立间歇性低氧、每天8h.8周后大鼠麻醉后进行牙周检查,腹主动脉采血,应用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中IL-6及PGE2含量;取上颌骨进行HE染色以观察牙周组织病理学改变.结果 B、C、D组IL-6及PGE2含量均高于A组(P ＜0.05);IL-6及PGE2在D组升高最为显著.B、D组大鼠牙周病理学观察显示牙周炎症明显;A、C组牙周组织破坏不明显.结论 采用结扎丝+高糖饮食法可在8周时成功建立牙周炎模型;OSAHS条件会加重牙周炎的病变程度.     

慢性牙周炎一站式治疗效果评价

目的:评价慢性牙周炎一站式治疗的效果。方法:将20名研究对象随机分为两组(n=10),一站式治疗组患者在24 h内接受龈上超声洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整(SRP);两段式全口洁治组患者首次就诊接受龈上超声洁治,7 d后行SRP。检测和比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后1个月菌斑指数(PI)、牙龈出血指数(BI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)以及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞数(WBC)。并记录总操作时间、患者术后疼痛评分(VAS)和止痛药使用情况。结果:两组PI、BI、PD、AL、CRP、WBC治疗后较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05),一站式组总操作时间较对照组短(P<0.05),治疗后两组各指标相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),两种治疗方法患者均能够耐受。结论:牙周一站式治疗后,患者临床指标和血液指标均较治疗前有明显改善,并可缩短治疗时间,减少患者的就诊次数。     

IL-10mRNA及其蛋白在慢性牙周炎牙龈组织中的表达

目的检测IL-10 mRNA及其蛋白在慢性牙周炎牙龈组织中的表达及其组织细胞来源.方法随机选择12例慢性牙周炎翻瓣术患者作为牙周炎组,10例龈切术患者作为牙龈炎组,6例阻生牙拔除术患者作为健康对照组.分别采用原位杂交和免疫组化检测技术,检测各组牙龈标本中IL-10的表达.每组IL-10 mRNA及蛋白两种水平间的比较采用秩和检验;各组间数据的两两比较采用单因素方差分析.结果IL-10 mRNA及其蛋白在牙周局部牙龈组织均有表达,表达细胞类型有淋巴细胞、浆细胞、巨噬细胞及成纤维细胞等.IL-10在mRNA水平及蛋白水平表达无显著差异(P＞0.05)(牙龈炎组P＜0.05).牙周炎组IL-10表达强度显著高于健康对照组和牙龈炎组(P＜0.01),牙周炎组IL-10 mRNA表达强度显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),但与牙龈炎组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论IL-10在牙周组织中存在局部分泌机制.     

新疆木垒县哈萨克族慢性牙周炎患者血清与唾液中IL-6、IL-17的表达及相关性分析

目的:研究哈萨克族慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)患者血清和唾液中白细胞介素17(interleukin 17, IL17 )、白细胞介素6(interleukin 6, IL6 ) 的活性表达及相关性分析。方法:选择哈萨克族慢性牙周炎患者192例,健康人100例,记录临床牙周检查指标,采集非刺激性全唾液及外周血液各5 mL。采用抗体夹心ELISA法测定CP患者与健康人群唾液及血液中IL-17、IL-6总量和浓度。结果:牙周炎患者的唾液IL-6、IL-17浓度要显著高于血清IL-6、IL-17。在唾液中IL-6与IL-17彼此呈中度正相关性,且二者与牙周临床指标均为高度正相关关系。结论:唾液IL-6、IL-17在哈萨克族慢性牙周炎患者的表达水平明显增高,且与病情严重程度相关,可作为萨克族慢性牙周炎患者的诊断标志物,对二者的相关性可从基因学方面进行下一步研究。     

基质金属蛋白酶-3在慢性牙周炎和动脉粥样硬化结合模型中的表达及相关性分析

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)在Wistar大鼠慢性牙周炎和动脉粥样硬化的动物模型中的表达,并进行相关性的初步分析,探讨慢性牙周炎和动脉粥样硬化发病相关的可能机制。方法对各组大鼠采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其血清中炎性介质MMP-3的水平;用免疫组化技术分别检测MMP-3在牙周和腹主动脉组织中的表达,并进行图像定量分析;以及血清中常规血脂的检测。所有数据进行统计学分析。结果免疫组化显示MMP-3在慢性牙周炎组和慢性牙周炎、动脉粥样硬化结合组的牙周组织中,主要在牙龈上皮呈阳性表达,并且结合组水平高于单纯牙周炎组,差异有统计学意(P<0.05)。在腹主动脉中,主要在内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞呈阳性表达,并且结合组水平高于单纯动脉粥样硬化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组血清MMP-3水平明显升高,并且其表达与组织中的规律相一致。而MMP-3与血脂的相关性分析呈现出不相关。结论MMP-3可能直接参与牙周组织及动脉的炎性破坏。慢性牙周炎可能对动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的发生发展有重要的影响。同时MMP-3是独立于血脂之外的动脉粥样硬化危险因素。     

慢性牙周炎患者白细胞介素-6基因甲基化的研究

目的研究慢性牙周炎人群与牙周健康人群白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)基因启动子甲基化水平差异,探讨IL-6基因启动子甲基化与慢性牙周炎易感性的关系。方法慢性牙周炎组44例,健康对照组45例。颊黏膜棉拭子提取样本DNA,甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应检测IL-6基因启动子的甲基化阳性率。结果慢性牙周炎组IL-6基因启动子甲基化阳性率为68.18%;健康对照组甲基化阳性率为93.33%,两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.108,P=0.003)。结论 IL-6基因启动子甲基化可能与慢性牙周炎的易感性相关。     

慢性牙周炎合并冠心病患者牙周基础治疗对细胞因子水平的影响

目的研究牙周基础治疗对重度慢性牙周炎合并冠心病患者牙周临床指标、外周血细胞因子和C反应蛋白水平的影响。方法筛选重度慢性牙周炎合并稳定型冠心病患者32例,采用非手术牙周基础治疗方法,治疗前及治疗后4周测量牙周探诊深度（probingdepth,PD）、附着丧失（attachment loss,AL）和探诊出血指数（bleed—ing压计index,BI）,许采集外周静脉血,采用放射免疫法和免疫比浊分析法分别检测白细胞介索-1β（interleukin-1β,1L-1β）、门细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis fac—for-α,TNF—α）和C反应蛋白（C—reactive pmtein,CRP）含量。结果牙周基础治疗4周后,PD由（5．35±0．97）mm减至（2.72±0．65）mm,AL由（5．83±1．12）mm减至（3．24±0．79）mm,BI由3．45±0．83降至0．80±0．77,差砰均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。外周血IL-1β、IL-2和IL-6水平均有所下降,TNF—α及CRP水平均数略有升高,其中IL-1β由（0．184±0．045）ng/mL降至（0．145±0．039）ng／mL,TNF—α由（1．082±0．206）ng/mL升高至（1．182±0．154）ng/mL,治疗前后IL-1β及TNF-α水平的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）.结论 重度慢性牙周炎合并冠心病的患者,牙周基础治疗可显著改善牙周临床指标,降低外周血IL-1β水平,升高TNF-α水平,     

Expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and untreated chronic periodontitis

Figueredo CM, Brito F, Barros FC, Menegat JSB, Pedreira RR, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A. Expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and untreated chronic periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 141–146.© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Previous studies have reported an increased prevalence/severity of chronic periodontitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathogenesis of periodontal lesions in such patients has not been characterized. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize the pattern of expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and systemically healthy controls. Material and Methods: Fifteen patients with Crohn’s disease, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis and 15 controls participated in the study. All subjects had been diagnosed with untreated chronic periodontitis. The clinical parameters evaluated were clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing and percentage of plaque. The gingival crevicular fluid was sampled from four shallow and four deep periodontal sites of each patient. The concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured using a commercially available Lincoplex kit and the concentration of IL‐18 was measured using an ELISA. Results: Multiple comparisons analysis showed that clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, percentage of plaque and volume of gingival crevicular fluid were similar across the groups. The concentration of IL‐4 in the gingival crevicular fluid differed significantly between groups in shallow sites (p = 0.046), with higher values found for the controls. In serum, the concentration of IL‐18 was also significantly different between groups, with lower values found for controls (p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study showed a higher concentration of IL‐18 in serum, but not in the gingival crevicular fluid, from periodontitis patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis compared with controls. The expression of cytokines was similar in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with untreated chronic periodontitis who also had Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis and in systemically healthy controls with untreated chronic periodontitis.     

Methodological model of chronic stress associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats: a radiographic study

This study evaluated the time efficiency of stress associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty adult Wistar rats, housed in temperature-controlled rooms and receiving water and food ad libitum, were randomly separated into stress (n = 30) or control groups (n = 30). All animals were anesthetized, and nylon ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the maxillary right second molars. After the induction of periodontitis, rats in the stress group were subjected to physical restraint for 12 hours daily. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15 and 30 days by anesthetic overdose (10 animals per group per period). The right hemimaxillae were stored in formalin solution for 48 hours. Parallel radiographic images of the hemimaxillae were taken and processed following standard procedures. Radiographic examination was performed by a blinded and previously calibrated investigator. Bone height level was measured, and data were submitted to analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Rats in the stress group had greater bone loss than those in the control group at 7 and 15 days post-induction (p < 0.05). After 30 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Restraint stress modulates the short-term progression of periodontal disease in rats. Therefore, the 12-hour daily physical restraint stress model in rats applied for up to 15 days is suitable for the investigation of the combined effect of ligation and restraint stress on periodontal degradation.     

Relationship between chronic periodontitis and inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Clinical Oral Investigations - To investigate the correlation between serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of inflammatory cytokines and the association with periodontal parameters in...     

慢性牙周炎和动脉粥样硬化动物模型的建立及研究

脂蛋白(P=0.604)之间无明显相关性.结论 慢性牙周炎与动脉粥样硬化可能具有一定的相关性,可能对动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的发生、发展有重要的影响;MMP-3可能足独立于血脂之外的动脉粥样硬化危险因素.     

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目的通过观察血清超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP)水平的变化探讨牙周基础治疗对伴或不伴高脂血症的慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)大鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,As)发生的影响。方法本研究于2011年5—9月在山西医科大学口腔医学院完成。将24只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,即正常对照组(A组)、高脂血症组(B组)、CP组(C组)和高脂血症+CP组(D组),每组6只。各组接受相应的建模及牙周干预处理,同时定期进行牙周临床检查,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测牙周干预前及每次干预后1周(共2次)3个取样时间点的血清hsCRP水平。结果牙周临床检查结果显示,整个实验过程中A、B组大鼠实验牙牙龈未见炎症性改变;C、D组大鼠建模后实验牙牙龈炎症明显,有深牙周袋,部分实验牙松动度达Ⅱ~Ⅲ度,基础治疗后炎症明显减轻,牙齿均无松动。同一时间点上,B、C及D组大鼠血清hsCRP水平均显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在不同时间点上,B、C及D组大鼠治疗后血清hsCRP水平均较治疗前显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中,C组大鼠2次治疗后血清hsCRP水平趋于稳定,D组大鼠在2次治疗后1周血清hsCRP水平显著增高。结论对于慢性牙周炎大鼠,无高脂血症情况存在时,牙周基础治疗可能会在短期内增高As的发生风险;在存在高脂血症状态下,直接牙周基础治疗可能会在较长时间内增高As的发生风险。     

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目的探讨牙周基础治疗对2型糖尿病（T2DM）伴慢性牙周炎患者血清炎性细胞因子及糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）含量的影响。方法选择2012年3月至2013年9月就诊于沈阳市口腔医院牙周科患者135例,其中T2DM伴慢性牙周炎患者63例（T2DM组）,单纯慢性牙周炎患者72例（CP组）;另从沈阳市口腔医院体检中心选择牙周健康正常人50名,作为正常对照组。于牙周基础治疗前及治疗后3个月,检查各组的牙周状况以及检测血清炎性细胞因子和HbAlc含量,并对检测结果进行比较分析。结果牙周基础治疗能改善慢性牙周炎患者的牙周健康状况,降低炎性细胞因子水平。牙周基础治疗前T2DM组和CP组的C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）含量均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。与牙周基础治疗前比较,T2DM组和CP组的CRP、TNF-α及IL-6含量在牙周基础治疗后3个月均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。牙周基础治疗前,T2DM组的HbAlc含量明显高于CP组和正常对照组;牙周基础治疗后3个月,T2DM组的HbAlc含量显著下降,且其治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 T2DM伴慢性牙周炎患者进行牙周基础治疗,可改善患者的牙周状况和全身健康状况,从而减少糖尿病及其并发症的发生和发展。     

Severe periodontitis in young adults is associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severe periodontitis and sub‐clinical atherosclerosis in young (40 years) systemically healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Ninety systemically healthy subjects, 45 affected by severe periodontitis (mean age 36.35±3.65 years) and 45 controls without a history of periodontal disease (mean age 33.78±3.28 years), were enrolled in this study. Patients and controls were paired for age, gender, body mass index and smoking habits. Carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) was bilaterally assessed by ultrasonography at the level of common carotid artery. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors for atherosclerosis were also evaluated. Results: The overall mean carotid IMT was 0.82±0.13 mm in the test group and 0.72±0.07 mm in the control group ( p<0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that periodontitis ( p<0.0001) and regular physical activity ( p=0.0009) were predictor variables of overall mean carotid IMT. When considering an IMT0.82 mm as the critical index of increased cardiovascular risk, periodontal patients overcame this threshold compared with healthy patients by an odds ratio=8.55 [confidence interval 95%: 2.38; 39.81]. No investigated haemostatic variable was associated with increased carotid IMT. Conclusion: Severe periodontitis is associated with sub‐clinical atherosclerosis in young systemically healthy patients.     

慢性牙周炎患者早期动脉粥样硬化指标检测

目的明确慢性牙周炎患者动脉粥样硬化早期临床指标的改变,探索慢性牙周炎与动脉粥样硬化关系。方法纳入59名无系统疾病的牙周科就诊患者,其中无或轻度牙周炎者30名和中重度牙周炎患者29名,由同一检查者记录口内缺失牙、存留牙近中颊、远中舌2个位点菌斑指数（plaque index,PLI）、出血指数（bleeding index,BI）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、附着丧失（attachment loss,AL）;彩色多普勒超声分别检测双侧颈总动脉内中膜厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）和血流介导的血管舒张反应（flow-mediated dilatation,FMD）,以这两项指标反映动脉粥样硬化早期血管改变。结果两组研究对象在性别、年龄、体重指数和受教育程度上无统计学差异。牙周炎组的双侧颈动脉IMT均显著高于对照组[左侧IMT：（0.84±0.22mm）vs.（0.70±0.28mm）,P〈0.05,右侧：（0.82±0.31 mm）vs.（0.64±0.20 mm）,P〈0.05],牙周炎组斑块检出率与对照组无统计学差异（左侧：10.34%vs.13.33%P=0.77;右侧：6.90%vs.10%P=0.71）,牙周炎组血流介导的血管舒张反应显著低于对照组[（10.00±6.50%）vs.（13.44±6.41%）,P=0.04]。多因素分析显示调整性别、年龄、吸烟、体重指数、血脂、血糖、血压等因素后,PD和AL仍是影响颈动脉IMT的重要因素,PLI、PD和BI仍是影响血管内皮功能的重要因素。结论中重度慢性牙周炎患者较无/轻度牙周炎者早期动脉粥样硬化指标差,慢性牙周炎可能与动脉粥样硬化相关。