外企产线员工疲劳与心理健康的相关性研究

目的探讨外企产线员工疲劳与心理健康的相关性。以期为缓解员工的疲劳状况提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取某外企生产线员工586名,采用疲劳评定量表(FA I)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其进行测查。结果除躯体化、恐怖及精神病性因子外,与常模比较,外企产线员工SCL-90其他因子分均不同程度的高于常模(t=2.01~9.18,P<0.05或P<0.01);疲劳严重程度与躯体化、抑郁及焦虑呈正相关(P<0.01);疲劳对环境特异性与抑郁、焦虑呈正相关P<0.01);疲劳的心理后果与强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意及偏执正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);疲劳对休息、睡眠的反应与抑郁、焦虑、恐怖呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论外企产线员工的疲劳与心理健康状况密切相关。     

西安市成年人的情绪状态和睡眠质量及其关系

目的:了解西安市成年人情绪状态和睡眠质量的特点及其关系。方法:采用简明心境量表(POMS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对西安市603名成年人进行问卷调查。结果:1女性的愤怒情绪(t=2.641,P0.01)和抑郁情绪(t=3.910,P0.001)比男性严重,男性的自尊感比女性强(t=-2.649,P0.01);青年人精力比中年人旺盛(t=2.899,P0.01),青年人比中年人容易产生紧张情绪(t=3.298,P0.01)和疲劳情绪(t=3.850,P0.001),但是中年人的抑郁情绪比青年人严重(t=-2.040,P0.05);2本研究中近一半的成年人出现睡眠障碍。女性的睡眠质量比男性差,具体表现为女性在主观睡眠时间(t=2.580,P0.01)、睡眠潜伏期(t=3.900,P0.001)、睡眠效率(t=3.460,P0.01)和总分(t=1.490,P0.001)上得分显著高于男性。白天功能紊乱因子上青年人得分显著高于中年人(t=3.530,P0.01);3紧张、愤怒、疲劳、压抑、抑郁与主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱和PSQI总分呈正相关关系;精力与主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱和PSQI总分呈负相关,自尊感与主观睡眠质量、睡眠持续性、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱和PSQI正相关。结论:西安市成年人情绪状态均低于我国常模,近半数人群的睡眠质量较差。睡眠质量差可能与负性情绪较多、正性情绪较少有关。     

综合医院护理人员睡眠质量与抑郁焦虑状况的相关性

目的:了解综合医院护理人员睡眠质量与抑郁焦虑状况的关系,为改善护理人员的睡眠质量提供参考。方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对109名综合医院护理人员进行测评。结果:本组护理人员PSQI总分及各因子分均高于正常人群(U=5.76~15.33,P0.01),且41.3%(45/109)护理人员PSQI总分大于7分,远高于正常人群(χ2=69.11,P0.001);本组护理人员的SDS总分和SAS总分均高于我国常模(U=12.12,12.39;P0.01);SAS总分和SDS总分均与PSQI总分呈正向相关(r=0.534,0.897;P0.01)。结论:综合医院护理人员的睡眠质量较差,改善其抑郁焦虑状况有助于睡眠质量的改善。     

体外受精-胚胎移植妇女婚姻质量、负性情绪的相关性探讨

目的探讨体外授精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妇女婚姻质量、负性情绪状况及相关性。方法对拟进行IVF-ET治疗妇女112人,进行Olson婚姻质量(9因子)及抑郁(SDS)焦虑(SAS)问卷调查分析。结果①IVF-ET妇女婚姻质量与常模比较,婚姻满意度(t=-2.660,P<0.01)和性格相容性(t=-5.363,P<0.01)两因子显著低于常模;解决冲突方式(t=2.548,P<0.05)和角色平等性(t=2.299,P<0.05)两因子显著高于常模,其余各因子无显著差异(P>0.05);②IVF-ET妇女抑郁(t=2.377,P<0.05)、焦虑(t=9.031,P<0.01)得分显著高于常模;③婚姻质量各因子除角色平等性外都与抑郁、焦虑呈显著负相关(P<0.01);④多元线性逐步回归分析显示:影响患者抑郁的因素依次为:夫妻交流(F=50.777,P<0.01)和经济安排(F=32.989,P<0.01),影响焦虑的因素依次为:与亲友关系(F=29.373,P<0.01)和经济安排(F=19.248,P<0.05)。结论 IVF-ET妇女有较高的抑郁和焦虑症状;抑郁、焦虑情绪随婚姻质量的提高而降低。     

武警某部住院战士心理健康状况

目的了解住院战士心理健康状况,为下一步心理工作提供建议。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL—90)、艾森克人格问卷成人式(EPQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)对某院228名住院战士进行测查。结果①住院战士SCL-90总分、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分均低于军人常模(t=9.18,9.17,13.45,11.18,5.57,6.54,9.35,2.37,12.29;P<0.05),躯体化因子得分高于国内成人常模(t=5.08,P<0.05),差异有显著统计学意义;②住院战士EPQ的P、N分低于军人常模(t=7.61,10.42;P<0.01或0.05),E、L分值高于军人常模(t=7.44,2.05;P<0.05);③住院战士SDS高于中国成人常模(t=5.26,P<0.01),SAS高于中国成人常模(t=3.83,P<0.05)。结论住院战士比较多见的是抑郁情绪,焦虑情绪及心理问题躯体化也可见到。     

心理干预对精神发育迟滞儿童母亲情绪和生活质量的影响

目的探讨心理干预对改善精神发育迟滞(MR)儿童母亲焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的效果。方法将入组50例患儿母亲随机分为对照组和干预组各25例,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74),心理干预前后对两组母亲进行测评和对照研究,并将干预前两组母亲SDS、SAS评分分别与国内常模比较。结果 1两组母亲干预前SDS、SAS评分均明显高于国内常模,具有显著性差异(t=2.82,2.99,3.31,3.71;P0.01);2干预后干预组SDS、SAS评分均明显高于对照组,具有显著性差异(t=2.81,2.79;P0.01);3干预后干预组GQOLI-74因子评分均明显高于对照组,其中以躯体和社会功能差异显著(t=2.67,2.32;P0.05),心理功能差异非常显著(t=2.89;P0.01)。结论 MR儿童母亲存在严重的焦虑抑郁情绪,心理干预可明显改善MR儿童母亲的焦虑抑郁情绪,并显著提高其生活质量。     

高血压病患者睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪的相关性研究

目的研究高血压病患者睡眠质量,焦虑抑郁情绪以及之间的相关性。方法对80例确诊的高血压病患者同时进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定。结果PSQI总均分为10.86±5.10;SAS总分为41.03±8.89,焦虑症状的出现率为22.51;SDS总分为39.51±8.87,抑郁症状的出现率为20.85。焦虑抑郁症并存11例,占15.49。SAS与SDS间存在显著的正相关(r=0.934,P<0.01)。PSQI总分与焦虑和抑郁情绪均呈显著正相关。结论高血压病患者睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪之间具有相关性,在药物控制血压的同时,有效的心理干预治疗同样具有重要的作用。     

护士睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪的相关研究

目的探讨护士的睡眠质量和焦虑、抑郁情绪状况及其相互关系。方法用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）,焦虑自评问卷（SAS）和抑郁自评问卷（SDS）对某医院的护士的睡眠及焦虑抑郁情绪进行了调查。结果 PSQI总均分为7.86±4.03,睡眠障碍发生率为51.3%;46.8%的护士有焦虑情绪,45.3%的护士有抑郁情绪。PSQI总分与SAS总分,SDS总分均有显著性相关（r=0.36,P〈0.01;r=0.29,P〈0.01）。结论睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪有密切的关系,相互影响。     

高原部队独生子女官兵焦虑/抑郁状况的调查

目的探讨高原部队独生子女官兵的心理健康状况及其相关因素,为指导部队独生子女官兵心理工作提供依据。方法采用团体现场问卷调查方式对驻高原某部220名独生子女官兵进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评。结果独生子女官兵焦虑/抑郁的检出率分别为29.5%和39.1%;SAS总均分(粗分)为(34.66±8.52),SDS总均分(粗分)为(38.58±10.24)均与中国常模有明显差异(P<0.01);且年龄、军龄、职别、城乡差别及入伍动机均与焦虑/抑郁水平密切相关。结论①高原部队独生子女官兵存在较为严重的焦虑/抑郁情绪,且焦虑/抑郁水平较高;②高原环境因素及其产生的心理应激是焦虑、抑郁情绪产生的重要因素;③年龄、军龄、职别、城乡差别及入伍动机等因素均与焦虑/抑郁情绪的发生密切相关。     

煤矿工人焦虑抑郁状况与安全状况的相关性分析

目的:了解煤矿工人抑郁、焦虑状况及安全状况,探讨抑郁、焦虑与安全状况的相关性。方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及安全状况问卷对两个煤矿740名工人进行调查。结果:SAS标准分均值与国内常模比较差异有统计学意义(t=18.272,P0.01);SDS标准分均值明显高于国内常模,差异也有统计学意义(t=15.147,P0.01),不同工种之间存在差异。且焦虑、抑郁与安全状况中工作安全性(r=0.157,0.175)、工作稳定性(r=0.149,0.194)正相关(P0.01);同缓解压力的方式(r=-0.160,-0.136)负相关(P0.01)。结论:矿工的焦虑、抑郁水平明显高于国内常模,井下煤矿工人更为明显,而且与他们工作的安全性、稳定性及他们缓解压力的方式等因素高度相关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.