应激、倦怠与抑郁的关系研究

目的：探讨应激、倦怠和抑郁的关系。方法：采用简式倦怠量表、生活事件问卷和自评抑郁量表对270名大学生进行施测。结果：倦怠与生活事件和抑郁的相关均达到统计显著性水平（P〈0．01）;生活琐事、倦怠对抑郁有显著预测作用（P〈0．001）,同时生活琐事通过倦怠对抑郁的作用显著。结论：倦怠是生活琐事和抑郁的中介变量,初步验证了“应激-倦怠-抑郁”的理论构想。     

应激源、认知评价与抑郁障碍的关系研究

根据抑郁障碍的社会认知理论[1],应激在抑郁障碍的发生中起非常重要的作用。许多研究发现[2,3],紧张性生活事件和认知评价都对抑郁障碍的产生及其程度造成影响。但是,应激源、认知评价和抑郁障碍之间的因果关系比较复杂,抑郁障碍可以由应激源而致,也可以导致抑郁个体经受更多的应激性生活事件,它还会影响个体的认知评价,导致个体对应激源作出歪曲的评价。横断面的研究方法很难弄清楚这三者之间的具体关系。为此,在本研究中,我们尝试采用短期纵向研究法来探讨它们之间的因果关系。1　对象及方法11　研究对象在浙江中医学院和浙江大学心理系选…     

青年决策风格的个体差异研究

目的了解青年人决策风格与个体差异的关系。方法采用决策风格量表(DSI),选取640名18~28岁的青年人做问卷调查。结果①男性在指令型决策风格上分数显著高于女性(t=2.786,P0.01);②不同年龄青年在分析型及理念型决策风格上存在显著差异(F=2.710,2.505;P0.05);③不同学历青年在指令型及理念型决策风格上存在显著差异(F=3.322,2.719;P0.05);④性别及学历对指令型决策风格具有显著的预测力(β=-0.084,0.103;P0.01)。结论个人背景因素会对青年人的决策风格产生影响。     

安徽省农村某镇空巢老人抑郁情况现状及相关因素

目的:了解安徽省农村空巢老人抑郁症状发生情况及相关因素.方法:采取随机整群抽样方法抽取安徽省农村某镇为研究地区,采用老年精神状况量表(Geriatric Mental State Schedule,GMS)对该镇60岁及以上空巢老人抑郁症状发生情况进行调查.结果:共调查1600名老人,其中,非空巢老人739人,抑郁症检出率为6.2%,亚病例检出率为4.7%;空巢夫妻同居老人643人,其抑郁症状检出率为3.7%,亚病例患检出为3.0%;空巢独居老人218人,其抑郁症状检出率为11.5%,亚病例患状检出为6.9%.分析结果显示:女性抑郁症状检出率为8.6%,男性检出率为2.9%,女性显著高于男性(x2=12.78);空巢独居老人抑郁症状检出率高;健康自评(rs=0.50)、生活满意度(rs=0.57)、经历负性生活事件数(rs=0.561)等因素与抑郁症状检出率相关.结论:抑郁症状严重影响空巢老人特别是空巢独居老人健康,应采取有针对性的措施,以减少抑郁症状对空巢老人的影响.     

青少年身体自我概念与参与体育锻炼的关系研究

目的试图通过实证性研究考查我国部分青少年的身体自我概念水平与体育锻炼情况的关系。方法以5所1379名中学生为被试,身体自我描述问卷(简称PSDQ)和自编的体育锻炼情况调查表为研究工具。结果男中学生身体自我概念中除了健康维度外,其他维度的得分均显著高于女生(P<0.01);体育锻炼的各指标,即锻炼年限等均可以在某种程度上由身体自我概念的运动能力维度来预测。结论青少年的身体自我概念存在性别差异;身体自我概念的各个维度及总分与体育锻炼情况之间存在很多显著相关。     

青少年抑郁症与行为抑制/激活系统的关系

目的:探讨青少年抑郁症与行为抑制/激活系统的关系.方法:采用行为抑制/激活系统问卷、Beck抑郁问卷和Zung氏抑郁自评问卷测评27名青少年抑郁症、38名抑郁情绪青少年及健康对照组74名青少年,比较3组青少年在行为抑制/激活系统得分上的差异,并做抑郁与行为抑制/激活系统的相关分析.结果:(1)抑郁症组和抑郁情绪组的行为抑制系统得分均高于无抑郁组[(14.6±2.4),(14.5±1.5)vs.(13.3±1.5);P<0.001],而行为激活系统的奖赏反应和驱力得分均低于无抑郁组[奖赏反应:(11.7 ±1.7)、(12.4±1.7)VS.(12.7±2.0),(10.1±1.8)、(10.3±1.9)VS.(11.2±1.9);P<0.05或0.01];(2)抑郁症组抑郁得分与行为抑制/激活系统呈不同程度的相关(r=-0.26-0.84,P<0.05或0.01).结论:行为激活系统功能降低、行为抑制系统功能增强可能是抑郁症的危险因素.     

A Comparative Study on Self-rating Depression Scale between Young and Senile Patients with Depression

目的 探讨青年与老年抑郁症患者的临床症状学特征.方法 以Zung氏抑郁自评量表为工具,对199名青年抑郁症和218名老年抑郁症进行测试.结果 在SDS的20个项目中青年组和老年组间有12个存在显著性统计学差异(t=6.27～-8.29,P＜0.001orP＜0.05).青年组与老年组在项目得分≥3的人数百分比上,有显著性统计学差异的项目有9个(x2=58.64～6.92,P＜0.01).在因子分析中,取特征值大于1,青年组和老年组各获6个因子,各自解释累积总变异的61.16％和60.91％,各因子的构成则不相同.结论 青年期和老年期抑郁症患者的临床症状表现形式各具特点.     

Online and Social Networking Interventions for the Treatment of Depression in Young People: A Systematic Review

Background

Major depression accounts for the greatest burden of all diseases globally. The peak onset of depression occurs between adolescence and young adulthood, and for many individuals, depression displays a relapse-remitting and increasingly severe course. Given this, the development of cost-effective, acceptable, and population-focused interventions for depression is critical. A number of online interventions (both prevention and acute phase) have been tested in young people with promising results. As these interventions differ in content, clinician input, and modality, it is important to identify key features (or unhelpful functions) associated with treatment outcomes.

Objective

A systematic review of the research literature was undertaken. The review was designed to focus on two aspects of online intervention: (1) standard approaches evaluating online intervention content in randomized controlled designs (Section 1), and (2) second-generation online interventions and services using social networking (eg, social networking sites and online support groups) in any type of research design (Section 2).

Methods

Two specific literature searches were undertaken. There was no date range specified. The Section 1 search, which focused on randomized controlled trials, included only young people (12-25 years) and yielded 101 study abstracts, of which 15 met the review inclusion criteria. The Section 2 search, which included all study design types and was not restricted in terms of age, yielded 358 abstracts, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Information about the studies and their findings were extracted and tabulated for review.

Results

The 15 studies identified in Section 1 described 10 trials testing eight different online interventions, all of which were based on a cognitive behavioral framework. All but one of the eight identified studies reported positive results; however, only five of the 15 studies used blinded interviewer administered outcomes with most trials using self-report data. Studies varied significantly in presentation of intervention content, treatment dose, and dropout. Only two studies included moderator or clinician input. Results for Section 2 were less consistent. None of the Section 2 studies reported controlled or randomized designs. With the exception of four studies, all included participants were younger than 25 years of age. Eight of the 16 social networking studies reported positive results for depression-related outcomes. The remaining studies were either mixed or negative. Findings for online support groups tended to be more positive; however, noteworthy risks were identified.

Conclusions

Online interventions with a broad cognitive behavioral focus appear to be promising in reducing depression symptomology in young people. Further research is required into the effectiveness of online interventions delivering cognitive behavioral subcomponents, such as problem-solving therapy. Evidence for the use of social networking is less compelling, although limited by a lack of well-designed studies and social networking interventions. A range of future social networking therapeutic opportunities are highlighted.     

Depression in the Aged: Dynamics and Treatment

Depression is one of the common threats to the mental health of the aged. The chief cause is the interiorization of the personality and the growth of inferiority feelings due to poor adjustment to retirement, widowhood, and/or chronic physical conditions. Psychotherapy for geriatric depression can be done by a primary care physician. Specific guidelines are given for the use of psychotherapy, psychotropics, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with aged patients suffering from depression in conjunction with various complications (suicidal risk, chronic brain syndrome, hypochondriasis, and paranoia).