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1.
Nicolaas I. Bohnen Martijn L. T. M. Müller Kirk A. Frey 《Current neurology and neuroscience reports》2017,17(10):73
Purpose of Review
The aims of the study were to review recent advances in molecular imaging in the Lewy body dementias (LBD) and determine if these may support the clinical but contested temporal profile distinction between Parkinson disease (PD) with dementia (PDD) versus dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Recent Findings
There do not appear to be major regional cerebral metabolic or neurotransmitter distinctions between PDD and DLB. However, recent studies highlight the relative discriminating roles of Alzheimer proteinopathies. PDD patients have lower cortical β-amyloid deposition than DLB. Preliminary tau PET studies suggest a gradient of increasing tau binding from cognitively normal PD (absent to lowest) to cognitively impaired PD (low) to DLB (intermediate) to Alzheimer disease (AD; highest). However, tau binding in DLB, including the medial temporal lobe, is substantially lower than in AD.Summary
Alzheimer-type proteinopathies appear to be more common in DLB compared to PDD with relative but no absolute differences. Given the spectrum of overlapping pathologies, future α-synuclein ligands are expected to have the best potential to distinguish the LBD from pure AD.2.
Purpose of Review
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease that can be clinically and pathologically similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current understanding of DLB genetics is insufficient and has been limited by sample size and difficulty in diagnosis. The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in DLB was performed in 2017; a time at which the post-GWAS era has been reached in many diseases.Recent Findings
DLB shares risk loci with AD, in the APOE E4 allele, and with PD, in variation at GBA and SNCA. Interestingly, the GWAS suggested that DLB may also have genetic risk factors that are distinct from those in AD and PD.Summary
Although off to a slow start, recent studies have reinvigorated the field of DLB genetics and these results enable us to start to have a more complete understanding of the genetic architecture of this disease.3.
Mike Arnhold Yanina Dening Michaël Chopin Esteban Arévalo Mathias Schwarz Heinz Reichmann Gabriele Gille Richard H. W. Funk Francisco Pan-Montojo 《Clinical autonomic research》2016,26(3):211-222
Introduction
Involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is relatively common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. PNS alterations appear early in the course of the disease and are responsible for some of the non-motor symptoms observed in PD patients. In previous studies, we have shown that environmental toxins can trigger the disease by acting on the enteric nervous system.Material and methods
Here, we analyzed the effect of mitochondrial Complex I inhibition on sympathetic neuritis in vivo and sympathetic neurons in vitro. Combining in vivo imaging and protein expression profiling.Results
we found that rotenone, a widely used mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor decreases the density of sympathetic neurites innervating the gut in vivo, while in vitro, it induces the redistribution of intracellular alpha-synuclein and neurite degeneration. Interestingly, sympathetic neurons are much more resistant to rotenone exposure than mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.Conclusion
Altogether, these results suggest that enteric sympathetic denervation could be an initial pre-motor alteration in PD progression that could be used as an early biomarker of the disease.4.
Satoshi Orimo 《Clinical neurology》2008,48(1):11-24
[123I] Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy has been used to evaluate postganglionic cardiac sympathetic innervation in heart diseases and some neurological disorders. To see clinical usefulness of MIBG myocardial scintigraphy to differentiate Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from related movement disorders and Alzheimer disease (AD), we performed MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in patients with these disorders. Cardiac uptake of MIBG is specifically reduced in PD and DLB, and this imaging approach is a sensitive diagnostic tool that possibly differentiates PD and DLB from related movement disorders and AD. To see pathological basis of the reduced cardiac uptake of MIBG in Lewy body disease, we immunohistochemically examined cardiac tissues from patients with PD, DLB, related movement disorders and AD using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated neurofilament (NF). Not only TH- but also NF-immunoreactive (ir) axons in the epicardial nerve fascicles were markedly decreased in Lewy body disease, namely cardiac sympathetic denervation, which accounts for the reduced cardiac uptake of MIBG in Lewy body disease. Patients with PD and DLB have Lewy bodies (LBs) in the nervous system, whereas patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, parkin-associated PD and AD have no LBs in the nervous system. Even in patients with MSA, cardiac sympathetic denervation was associated with the presence of LBs. Therefore, cardiac sympathetic denervation is closely related to the presence of LBs in a wide range of neurodegenerative processes. Taken together, we conclude that the reduced cardiac uptake of MIBG is a potential biomarker for the presence of LBs. Because alpha-synuclein is one of the key molecules in the pathogenesis of PD, we further investigate how alpha-synuclein aggregates are involved in degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerve in PD. We immunohistochemically examined cardiac tissues from patients with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD) and PD using antibodies against TH and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein. We found that (1) alpha-synuclein aggregates in the epicardial nerve fascicles, namely the distal axons of the cardiac sympathetic nerve, were much more abundant in ILBD with preserved TH-ir axons than in ILBD with decreased TH-ir axons and PD; (2) alpha-synuclein aggregates in the epicardial nerve fascicles were closely related to the disappearance of TH-ir axons; (3) in ILBD with preserved TH-ir axons, alpha-synuclein aggregates were consistently more abundant in the epicardial nerve fascicles than in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (pSG); and (4) this distal-dominant accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates was reversed in ILBD with decreased TH-ir axons and PD, which both showed decreased or depleted TH-ir axons but more abundant alpha-synuclein aggregates in the pSG. These findings indicate that accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the distal axons of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system precedes that of neuronal somata or neurites in the pSG and that heralds centripetal degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerve in PD. This chronological and dynamic relationship between alpha-synuclein aggregates and distal-dominant degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system may represent the pathological mechanism underlying a common degenerative process in PD. 相似文献
5.
Orimo S Amino T Itoh Y Takahashi A Kojo T Uchihara T Tsuchiya K Mori F Wakabayashi K Takahashi H 《Acta neuropathologica》2005,109(6):583-588
Decreased cardiac uptake of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) on [123I]MIBG myocardial scintigraphy has been reported in Parkinsons disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We hypothesized that cardiac sympathetic denervation might account for the pathomechanism. To elucidate the extent, frequency and pattern of cardiac sympathetic nerve involvement in Lewy body disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, we immunohistochemically examined heart tissues from patients with PD (n=11), DLB (n=7), DLB with Alzheimers disease (DLB/AD; n=4), multiple system atrophy (MSA; n=8), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n=5), pure AD (n=10) and control subjects (n=5) together with sympathetic ganglia from patients with PD (n=5) and control subjects (n=4), using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the hearts had almost entirely disappeared in nearly all the patients with PD, DLB and DLB/AD, whereas they were well preserved in all the patients with PSP and pure AD as well as in all except for one patient with MSA. In PD, neurons in the sympathetic ganglia were preserved in all except for one patient. Decreased cardiac uptake of MIBG in Lewy body disease reflects actual cardiac sympathetic denervation, which precedes the neuronal loss in the sympathetic ganglia. 相似文献
6.
Purpose
The initial symptoms of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and, in particular, early autonomic symptoms, have received less attention than motor symptoms. Whereas pathognomonic motor signs are essential to diagnostic specificity, early symptoms important to recognition of a neurodegenerative disorder may be less apparent or diagnostically ambiguous. This observational study sought to identify the very earliest symptoms in the natural history of MSA.Methods
Detailed clinical histories focusing on early symptoms were obtained from 30 subjects recently diagnosed with MSA. Historical data were correlated with neurological examinations and laboratory autonomic testing.Results
Subjects’ mean age was 63.9 years. Ten were classified as having MSA-P and 20 MSA-C. The evaluations occurred 2.9 ± 0.4 months after diagnosis. The first symptom of MSA was autonomic in 22 (73%) and motor in 3 (10%) subjects (p < 0.0001). The most frequent first symptom was erectile failure, which occurred in all men beginning 4.2 ± 2.6 years prior to diagnosis. After erectile failure, postural lightheadness or fatigue following exercise, urinary urgency or hesitancy, and violent dream enactment behavior consistent with REM behavioral sleep disorder were the most frequent initial symptoms. Neither the order of symptom progression, which was highly variable, nor autonomic severity scores differentiated between MSA-P and MSA-C.Conclusions
The first symptoms of MSA are frequently autonomic and may predate recognition of motor manifestations. Orthostatic hypotension and, in men, erectile failure are among the first symptoms that, when evaluated in the context of associated clinical findings, may facilitate accurate and earlier diagnosis.7.
Sarah L. Hissen Khadigeh El Sayed Vaughan G. Macefield Rachael Brown Chloe E. Taylor 《Clinical autonomic research》2017,27(6):401-406
Objective and methods
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity were examined at rest before, during (weeks 6, 11, 17, 22, 25, 33 and 36) and after a normotensive pregnancy.Results
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity is elevated during pregnancy with a large peak in the first trimester (Δ17 bursts/min) and a secondary peak in the third trimester (Δ11 bursts/min). Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity peaked in the first trimester (10 vs. 6 ms/mmHg pre-pregnancy), whereas sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was greater throughout.Interpretation
The increase in sympathetic outflow early in pregnancy cannot be explained by a reduction in baroreflex sensitivity, while the secondary increase in burst frequency in the third trimester may, in part, be explained by the elevated heart rate.8.
Alessandra Fanciulli Georg Göbel Jean Pierre Ndayisaba Roberta Granata Susanne Duerr Stefano Strano Carlo Colosimo Werner Poewe Francesco E. Pontieri Gregor K. Wenning 《Clinical autonomic research》2016,26(2):97-105
Objective
Supine hypertension (SH) is a feature of cardiovascular autonomic failure that often accompanies orthostatic hypotension and may represent a negative prognostic factor in parkinsonian syndromes. Here we investigated the frequency rate as well as the clinical and tilt test correlates of SH in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).Methods
197 PD (33 demented) and 78 MSA (24 MSA-Cerebellar, 54 MSA-Parkinsonian) patients who had undergone a tilt test examination were retrospectively included. Clinical-demographic characteristics were collected from clinical records at the time of the tilt test examination.Results
SH (>140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic) occurred in 34 % of PD patients (n = 66, mild in 71 % of patients, moderate in 27 %, severe in 2 %) and 37 % of MSA ones (n = 29, mild in 55 % of patients, moderate in 17 %, severe in 28 %). No difference was observed in SH frequency between demented versus gender-, age- and disease duration-matched non-demented PD patients, or between patients with the parkinsonian (MSA-P) versus the cerebellar (MSA-C) variant of MSA. In PD, SH was associated with presence of cardiovascular comorbidities (p = 0.002) and greater systolic (p = 0.007) and diastolic (p = 0.002) orthostatic blood pressure fall. Orthostatic hypotension (p = 0.002), and to a lesser degree, lower daily dopaminergic intake (p = 0.01) and use of anti-hypertensive medications (p = 0.04) were associated with SH in MSA.Interpretation
One-third of PD and MSA patients suffer from mild to severe SH, independently of age, disease duration or stage. In PD, cardiovascular comorbidities significantly contribute to the development of SH, while in MSA, SH appears to reflect cardiovascular autonomic failure.9.
Ryuji Sakakibara Fuyuki Tateno Tatsuya Yamamoto Tomoyuki Uchiyama Tomonori Yamanishi 《Clinical autonomic research》2018,28(1):83-101
Objective
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are major neurogenerative diseases characterized pathologically by abnormal alpha-synuclein aggregation. PD and MSA are clinically characterized by motor disorder and bladder dysfunction (mainly urinary urgency and frequency, also called overactive bladder). However, few literatures are available concerning bladder dysfunction in PD or MSA.Method
A systematic review.Results
The bladder dysfunction in MSA is more severe than that in PD for large post-void residual or urinary retention. These bladder dysfunctions presumably reflect the different nervous system pathologies. Overactive bladder in PD reflects lesions in the brain, e.g., in the prefrontal-nigrostriatal D1 dopaminergic bladder-inhibitory pathway. Overactive bladder in MSA reflects lesions similar to PD and the cerebellum (bladder-inhibitory), and the urinary retention in MSA presumably reflects lesions in the pontine micturition center and the sacral intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord (bladder-facilitatory). Bladder dysfunction not only impairs an individual’s quality of life, it can also cause emergency hospitalizations due to acute retention and early institutionalization. Anticholinergics are the first-line treatment for bladder dysfunction in PD and MSA patients, but care should be taken for the management of bladder dysfunction—particularly in MSA patients due to the high prevalence of difficult emptying, which needs clean, intermittent catheterization.Conclusions
This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of bladder dysfunction in individuals with PD or MSA.10.
Purpose
Supine hypertension is frequently associated with autonomic failure. However, its clinical characteristics in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) remain unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the characteristics of supine hypertension in patients with de novo PD.Methods
The subjects were 72 patients with de novo PD. We studied blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels after the patients rested for 20 min in the supine position. Changes in blood pressure were also examined on head-up tilt-table testing.Results
The disease duration was 1.7 ± 1.6 years (average ± SD). Thirty-three (45.8 %) patients had supine hypertension (defined as a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg). Supine blood pressure positively correlated with the degree of orthostatic hypotension. Age and the proportion of patients with akinetic-rigid motor subtype or preexisting hypertension were higher among patients with supine hypertension than among those without supine hypertension. The Mini-Mental State Examination score was lower in patients with supine hypertension than in those without supine hypertension. Sex, disease duration, disease severity, and peripheral sympathetic nervous activity as evaluated by the cardiac uptake of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine and the plasma norepinephrine level did not differ between patients with and those without supine hypertension.Conclusion
Older age, akinetic-rigid motor subtype, and preexisting hypertension are independent risk factors for supine hypertension. Supine hypertension alone may be associated with milder peripheral sympathetic nervous denervation than orthostatic hypotension alone. As for global cognitive decline, supine hypertension is a far riskier comorbidity of early-stage PD than is orthostatic hypotension.11.
Purpose
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a complication of brain injury that has mainly been described in the adult brain injury literature.Methods
We present a case series of three pediatric patients that developed paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity of varying severity following hypoxic brain injury.Results
Comparison of brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral and symmetric global ischemic changes in all three cases. However, the thalamus was not affected in the patient with the mild case of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity. In contrast, bilateral and symmetric damage to the thalamus was observed in the two severe cases.Conclusions
Our case series suggests that in hypoxic brain injury, evidence of bilateral ischemic injury to the thalamus on magnetic resonance imaging may be an important early predictor of severity and length of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity. While this is an interesting observation, definite proof of our hypothesis requires further research including analysis of larger numbers of patients and comparison of MRI findings in children with hypoxic brain injury that do not develop paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.12.
Tuba Özcan Erdal Benli Feriha Özer Esra Yancar Demir Yasemin Kaya Ali Ayyıldız 《Clinical autonomic research》2016,26(3):205-209
Objective
Age at onset in Parkinson’s disease (PD) seems to be related nonmotor symptoms. In this study we investigated the effect of the age at onset on symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SSD) in patients with PD.Methods
This prospective study comprised 22 consecutive outpatients with early onset PD (EOPD—onset of the disease before 55 years), and 66 outpatients with late onset PD (LOPD—onset of PD over 55 years). They were all recruited from the Department of Movement Disorders, Clinic of Neurology. The diagnosis was established according to the UK PD Brain Bank Criteria by a movement disorders specialist. The Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor was used to assess motor disability and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage was used to establish disease severity. The sexual functions of the patients were rated by applying the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX).Results
Thirteen EOPD patients (59.09 %) and 53 of the LOPD patients (80.3 %) (p 0.047) reported dissatisfaction with at least one item of ASEX. There were no differences between H&Y stages (p 0.205) UPDRS total (p 0.267) and motor scores (p 0.100) between groups. LOPD patients had significantly higher ASEX scores than EOPD patients (p 0.001).Interpretation
Sexual dysfunciton occurs more frequently and more severely in LOPD than EOPD patients. PD patients with different ages at onset clinically present differently in terms of SSD.13.
Gene Sung Nichole Bosson Amy H. Kaji Mark Eckstein David Shavelle William J. French Joseph L. Thomas William Koenig James T. Niemann 《Neurocritical care》2016,24(1):90-96
Objective
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves neurologic outcome in patients resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate TH effects on neurologic outcome in patients resuscitated from a non-shockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest rhythm.Design and Setting
This is a retrospective cohort study of data reported to a registry in an emergency medical system in a large metropolitan region. Patients achieving field return of spontaneous circulation are transported to designated hospitals with TH protocols.Patients
Patients with an initial non-shockable rhythm were identified. Patients were excluded if awake in the Emergency Department or if TH was withheld due to preexisting coma or death prior to initiation. The decision to initiate TH was determined by the treating physician.Measurements
The primary outcome was survival with good neurologic outcome defined by a cerebral performance category of 1 or 2.Main Results
Of the 2772 patients treated for cardiac arrest during the study period, there were 1713 patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest with an initial non-shockable rhythm and 1432 patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 69 years [IQR 59–82]; 802 (56 %) male. TH was induced in 596 (42 %) patients. Survival with good neurologic outcome was 14 % in the group receiving TH, compared with 5 % in those not treated with TH (risk difference = 8 %, 95 % CI 5–12 %). The adjusted OR for a CPC 1 or 2 with TH was 2.9 (95 % CI 1.9–4.4).Conclusion
Analyzing the data collected from the registry of the standard practice in a large metropolitan region, TH is associated with improved neurologic outcome in patients resuscitated from initial non-shockable rhythms in a regionalized system for post-resuscitation care.14.
Enrica Olivola Livia Brusa Camilla Rocchi Orazio Schillaci Claudio Liguori Rocco Cerroni Mariangela Pierantozzi Agostino Chiaravalloti Alessandro Stefani Fabrizio Stocchi 《Neurological sciences》2018,39(12):2169-2174
Background
Despite its negative impact on quality of life, fatigue in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains an under-recognized issue and the underlying pathology is undetermined.Objective
To contribute at understanding the pathogenesis of fatigue in a naturalistic cohort of cognitively intact PD patients.Methods
In a Caucasian population of PD patients (n?=?27), we evaluated to what extent fatigue (quantified as PFS-16 score) is associated with PD duration and with autonomic dysfunction, studied by both MIBG scintigraphy and autonomic nervous system testing. The latter included the head-up tilt test, Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, and handgrip tests.Results
PFS-16 score correlated with disease duration (R?=?0.57, p?=?0.002). Fatigue showed a clear correlation with deep breathing test (R?=???0.53, p?=?0.004) but not with the MIBG H/M ratios.Conclusions
Our data are consistent with a multifactorial pathogenesis of fatigue and with effects of dopamine depletion in PD-related fatigue; on the other hand, our findings do not support a role for sympathetic denervation in PD-related fatigue.15.
Philipp Moog O. Eren S. Kossegg K. Valda A. Straube M. Grünke H. Schulze-Koops M. Witt 《Clinical autonomic research》2017,27(6):385-392
Objective
To assess autonomic function by infrared dynamic pupillometry in patients with ANCA-vasculitis (AAV) in correlation to autonomic symptoms, disease specific clinical parameters and cardiovascular reflex tests.Methods
Patients with AAV and healthy controls underwent pupillometry at rest and after sympathetic stimulation (cold pressor test). Three parasympathetic parameters (amplitude, relative amplitude, maximum constriction velocity) and one sympathetic parameter (late dilatation velocity) were assessed. Results were correlated with clinical parameters, symptoms of autonomic dysfunction (COMPASS31 questionnaire), heart rate variability during deep breathing test and blood pressure response to pain.Results
23 patients and 18 age-matched controls were enrolled. Patients had a smaller amplitude (1.44 vs. 1.70 mm; p = 0.009) and a slower constriction velocity (4.15 vs. 4.71 mm/s; p = 0.028) at baseline and after sympathetic stimulation (1.47 vs. 1.81 mm, p = 0.001; 4.38 vs. 5.19 mm/s, p = 0.006, respectively). Relative amplitude was significantly smaller in patients after sympathetic stimulation (28.6 vs. 32.5%; p = 0.043), but not at baseline. There was no difference in sympathetic pupillary response between the groups. In patients, parasympathetic pupil response was correlated negatively with age and positively with parasympathetic cardiac response. After adjusting for age, no significant correlation was observed with clinical parameters. However, there was a trend towards a negative correlation with disease duration, vasculitis damage index and CRP.Conclusion
Patients with AAV exhibit parasympathetic pupillary autonomic dysfunction. Although correlations were weak and not significant, pupillary autonomic dysfunction is rather linked to chronic damage than to active inflammation or symptoms of autonomic dysfunction.16.
SuoYu Zhu TianHong Zhang ChengQing Yang YanYan Wei LiHua Xu JunJie Wang Annabelle Chow XiaoHua Liu KaiDa Jiang ZePing Xiao Hui Zhou JiJun Wang 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(1):99-106
Objective
This study aimed to examine the overlaps between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) Personality Disorders (PDs) in a high-risk clinical population and to explore a transitional model for implementing DSM-5 PDs.Method
A sample population of 982 outpatients with at least one diagnosed PD was selected from 3,075 outpatients of the Shanghai Mental Health Center. The diagnostic process comprised of a personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview.Results
685 (22.3%) patients were diagnosed with at least one of six PDs (antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive–compulsive, and schizotypal) under the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of the DSM-5. Nearly 20.3% of the subjects with PD met criteria for at least two PDs (of the 685 PD patients/6 PD model). Cluster and principal component analyses suggest a transitional model for the 7 specific PD categories (among the 722 PD patients, the overlapping rate was 24.1%) will be more appropriate for PD diagnosis in China.Conclusions
Using the simplified PD categories in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders will reduce the overlaps in PD diagnoses in Chinese psychiatric practice, and should be preferred over the DSM-5 PD diagnostic system.17.
Orimo S 《Shinkei kenkyū no shinpo》2012,64(4):403-412
Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy can assess postganglionic presynaptic cardiac sympathetic nerve endings. Reduced cardiac MIBG uptake on MIBG myocardial scintigraphy has been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), pure autonomic failure (PAF), and familial PD linked to SNCA duplication. This imaging procedure is a sensitive diagnostic tool that might differentiate PD and DLB from other movement disorders from Alzheimer disease (AD). We recently reported cardiac sympathetic denervation in PD, DLB, PAF, and familial PD linked to SNCA duplication which accounts for the reduced cardiac MIBG uptake in these disorders. The patients with PD, DLB, PAF and familial PD linked to SNCA duplication have Lewy bodies in the nervous system, whereas patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration, AD, and parkin-associated PD do not. However, in patients with MSA or PSP, cardiac sympathetic denervation was associated with the presence of Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Therefore, cardiac sympathetic denervation is closely related to the presence of Lewy bodies in the wide range of neurodegenerative processes. Thus, we conclude that reduced cardiac MIBG uptake is a potential biomarker for the presence of Lewy bodies in the nervous system. We infer that MIBG myocardial scintigraphy is a noninvasive tool for detecting Lewy bodies during life. 相似文献
18.
Sungeun Cho Araceli Camacho Emily Patten Denise Costa Bruno Silva Damiao Robert Fuller Luan da Palma Han-Seok Seo 《Chemosensory perception》2017,10(1-2):1-7
Introduction
This study aimed to determine whether a smoking restriction prior to sensory evaluation affects sensory perception and liking of beverages that represent sweetness (sweetened cocoa), saltiness (vegetable juice), sourness (orange juice), and bitterness (black coffee).Methods
Smokers were asked to either abstain from smoking for 2 h or to smoke a cigarette 5 min prior to sensory evaluation of beverages. As a control, non-smokers participated in this study.Results
Smokers who smoked 5 min prior to tasting beverages rated black coffee as significantly more bitter than did those who either abstained from smoking for 2 h or non-smokers. No effect of cigarette smoking was found either in intensity of other taste qualities and flavor or in the liking of the four types of beverages.Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence that cigarette smokers should abstain from smoking for 2 h prior to sensory evaluation of bitter-tasting beverages such as black coffee.19.
Ann W. Nguyen Robert Joseph Taylor Linda M. Chatters Harry Owen Taylor Karen D. Lincoln Uchechi A. Mitchell 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(3):299-309
Purpose
This study examined the relationship between informal social support from extended family and friends and suicidality among African Americans.Methods
Logistic regression analysis was based on a nationally representative sample of African Americans from the National Survey of American Life (N = 3263). Subjective closeness and frequency of contact with extended family and friends and negative family interaction were examined in relation to lifetime suicide ideation and attempts.Results
Subjective closeness to family and frequency of contact with friends were negatively associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Subjective closeness to friends and negative family interaction were positively associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Significant interactions between social support and negative interaction showed that social support buffers against the harmful effects of negative interaction on suicidality.Conclusions
Findings are discussed in relation to the functions of positive and negative social ties in suicidality.20.
Chun-An Cheng Chun-Gu Cheng Hsin Chu Hung-Che Lin Chi-Hsiang Chung Hung-Wen Chiu Wu-Chien Chien 《Clinical autonomic research》2017,27(6):393-400