病变细胞定位超薄切片方法的建立CSCD

目的建立一种针对感染病毒病变细胞的定位超薄切片方法。方法选取适于进行定位切片的细胞培养皿作为包埋模具,以人腺病毒5型（humanadenovirustype5,Ad5）、A／HN／SWL3／09（H1N1）流感病毒分别感染HEK293细胞和MDCK细胞为模型,当细胞出现病变时,原位包埋细胞,通过修块暴露病变细胞,并针对病变细胞进行超薄切片,以透射电子显微镜观察病变细胞的超薄切片。结果通过定位超薄切片技术成功对目标病变细胞进行切片,病变细胞的切片上可以容易地观察到病毒颗粒。结论建立了一种针对病变细胞的定位超薄切片方法,该方法定位准确、能够快速检测病变细胞,提高了电镜检测效率。     

胃癌组织中淋巴细胞的超微结构研究

为了观察胃癌组织中癌细胞和癌间质中淋巴细胞的超微结构改变及两者之间的关系,我们对3例胃低分化腺癌进行了电镜观察。每例取肿瘤和正常组织交界处组织多块,以2.5%戊二醛作前固定;1.0%锇酸1.5%亚铁氰化钾作后固定;Epon 812包埋;半薄切片定位后超薄切片,在H-500型透射电镜下观察。结果发现,胃癌间质中有两种形态的淋巴细胞:一种细胞体积小,胞浆内细胞器少,核大呈圆形,细胞没有伪     

采用原位末端标记法检测人植入前胚胎中的凋亡征象

目的建立原位末端标记法（TdT-mediated nick end labeling TUNEL）检测人植入前胚胎凋亡征象的方法,阐明凋亡与人类植入前胚胎发育的关系。方法取试管婴儿助孕技术后异常受精的三原核（3PN）胚胎,于2-10细胞期进行固定,采用TUNEL法检测3PN胚胎中的凋亡征象。结果在发育正常3PN胚胎中,未检测到凋亡征象;在20%有碎片的3PN胚胎中检测到TUNEL阳性信号。结论采用TUNEL法可以有效检测人植入前胚胎中的凋亡征象,植入前胚胎中的细胞碎片可能与凋亡有关。     

小鼠肾脏髓襻细段发育的超微结构

目的：探讨小鼠肾脏髓襻细段发生发育及逐渐成熟过程。方法：应用光镜半薄切片和电镜超薄切片观察小鼠肾脏髓襻细段发育过程中的超微结构变化。结果和结论：细段出现于胚胎后期,生后逐渐发育完善。上皮由立方细胞逐渐发育成扁平细胞过程中,细胞凋亡起着很大作用。细胞凋亡高峰时间发生在生后七天左右。超微结构观察发现生后细段完善主要位于长襻肾单位的细段。结论：细段在胚胎晚期出现,生后发育。在这一过程中,特别是在细胞构筑过程中细胞凋亡起着重要作用。     

人植入前胚胎细胞凋亡的细胞化学检测

目的建立原位末端标记法(TdT-m ed iated n ick end labeling,TUNEL)检测人植入前胚胎凋亡征象的方法。方法取试管婴儿助孕技术后异常受精的3原核胚胎,于2~10细胞期进行固定,采用TUNEL法检测3原核胚胎中的凋亡征象。结果在发育正常和发育停滞胚胎中,未检测到凋亡征象;在20%有碎片的胚胎中检测到TUNEL阳性信号。结论采用TUNEL法可以有效检测人植入前胚胎中的凋亡征象,细胞碎片的出现可能与凋亡有关。     

锇酸固定组织的包埋后免疫电镜胶体金标记方法的改进

目的建立一种适用于中枢神经系统蛋白质抗原定位的包埋后免疫电镜胶体金标记方法。方法利用还原锇酸固定大鼠脑组织切片,首先在冰冻漂浮切片上用NaIO4确定待检抗原的可修复性,然后在亲水树脂Technovit7100包埋的半薄切片寻找使抗原得以最大程度修复的最佳NaIO4浓度,最后在超薄切片上进行相应抗原的免疫胶体金标记。结果NaIO4对不同抗原的修复作用明显不同。对于可修复抗原,低浓度NaIO4即可以使其充分修复。低浓度NaIO4处理组织可使组织超微结构保持完好,并可使胶体金高密度标记。     

周围神经损伤诱导的GAP-43mRNA表达及神经元超微结构变化

目的 :研究周围神经损伤与再生过程中神经元GAP 4 3mRNA表达及细胞超微结构变化。方法 :原位杂交组织化学法 ,超薄切片透射电镜观察。结果 :坐骨神经损伤后 ,神经元GAP 4 3mRNA表达增加 ,神经再生完成后表达下降。运动神经元粗面内质网减少 ,游离核糖体增多 ,感觉神经元粗面内质网移向细胞边缘。结论 :神经元GAP 4 3mRNA表达受轴突断裂诱导显著升高 ,并与神经元再生状态密切相关。周围神经损伤后 ,神经元的超微结构变化与GAP 4 3mRNA表达增加相符。     

胎儿胰腺的显微形态学观察

目的观察胎儿胰腺的结构特点,为胎胰临床应用提供资料.方法取30例21～41W胎儿胰腺,利用超薄切片及透射电镜观察和石蜡包埋切片HE染色、SP免疫组化方法进行染色.结果胎儿胰腺内分泌部随胎龄增加而相对减少;外分泌部逐渐增加.A、B细胞超微结构在21～41W无明显变化.结论 25～35w胎儿更适合临床应用.     

包埋前免疫金电镜标记的使用难点及解决方法

根据免疫标记与标本之间的不同关系,免疫电镜技术可分为包埋前、包埋后及冷冻超薄切片免疫电镜技术。本文仅介绍包埋前免疫金电镜标记在使用过程中的一些难点及解决方法。     

小鼠肾脏发育中凋亡细胞的超微结构变化

1　材料和方法1 1　动物取昆明小鼠 ,雌雄比例 3∶1同窝饲养 ,以雌鼠阴道精栓出现为第 1日计算胎鼠胚龄。部分孕鼠分笼饲养 2 0日后 ,每天早八时观察分娩情况 ,新生仔鼠按生后计算日龄。选取 1 4、1 8日胎鼠各 4只 ,生后 1、7、1 4日龄仔鼠各 4只为观察对象。1 2　光镜和电镜标本制作　在冷操作条件下切开胎鼠和仔鼠腹部 ,取左肾于 2 5 %戊二醛内固定。胎鼠做全肾树脂包埋 ,仔鼠肾脏经肾门做矢状面切开 ,皮质和髓质分别进行树脂包埋。ＬＫＢ Ｖ型超薄切片机半薄连续切片 ,甲苯胺蓝染色 ,按Ｋｏｓｅｋｉ判断光镜下凋亡细胞后制超薄切片 ,…     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995