HIV prevalence among female sex workers,drug users and men who have sex with men in Brazil: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background  

The Brazilian response towards AIDS epidemic is well known, but the absence of a systematic review of vulnerable populations ─ men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and drug users (DU) remains a main gap in the available literature. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing HIV prevalence among MSM, FSW and DU, calculating a combined pooled prevalence and summarizing factors associated the pooled prevalence for each group.     

云南省2010－2013年男男性行为人群艾滋病相关危险因素变化趋势分析

目的 了解云南省MSM人群知晓率、行为等艾滋病相关危险因素的变化趋势及其安全套使用的影响因素,为干预策略制定和效果评价提供依据。方法 2010-2013年在云南省连续开展MSM哨点监测,调查该人群一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、性行为及安全套使用、吸毒行为、干预措施覆盖等情况,进行趋势和影响因素分析。结果 共调查9 073人,艾滋病知识知晓率、与同性发生性行为比例及安全套使用率均呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),与异性发生性行为时安全套使用率明显低于同性,吸毒比例和患性病比例呈下降趋势(P<0.01).同居、低知晓率、外省/外籍、居住时间不足一年、文化程度低、未接受过干预、肛交次数多、未曾做过HIV抗体检测等因素为影响MSM坚持使用安全套的危险因素。结论 云南省近4年MSM艾滋病综合干预效果初显,但多项指标仍处于较低水平,仍需重点关注同居、文化程度低、流动性较大、肛交次数多、有异性性行为的MSM干预,扩大干预覆盖面,继续强化落实HIV动员检测、安全套推广使用等核心干预措施。     

HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men and inject drugs--United States, 1985-1998

Men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU) pose unique challenges for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction efforts because they have multiple risks for HIV acquisition and transmission. This report presents 1) the demographic characteristics of MSM/IDU diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1998 and MSM/IDU living with AIDS as of December 31, 1998; 2) trends in AIDS incidence among MSM/IDU from 1985 to 1998; and 3) information on selected behaviors from interviews of MSM/IDU who had AIDS diagnosed from 1996 to 1998 in 12 states. The findings indicate that 1) over half of MSM/IDU with AIDS were non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, and most MSM/IDU with AIDS were reported from large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs); 2) AIDS incidence has declined since 1996; and 3) a high prevalence of drug-related and sexual risk behaviors occurred among MSM/IDU with AIDS.     

Using population attributable risk to choose HIV prevention strategies in men who have sex with men

Background  

In Australia, HIV is concentrated in men who have sex with men (MSM) and rates have increased steadily over the past ten years. Health promotion strategies should ideally be informed by an understanding of both the prevalence of the factors being modified, as well as the size of the risk that they confer. We undertook an analysis of the potential population impact and cost saving that would likely result from modifying key HIV risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sydney, Australia.     

Actual and undiagnosed HIV prevalence in a community sample of men who have sex with men in Auckland,New Zealand

Background  

The prevalence of HIV infection and how this varies between subgroups is a fundamental indicator of epidemic control. While there has been a rise in the number of HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in New Zealand over the last decade, the actual prevalence of HIV and the proportion undiagnosed is not known. We measured these outcomes in a community sample of MSM in Auckland, New Zealand.     

Nitrite inhalant use among young gay and bisexual men in Vancouver during a period of increasing HIV incidence

Background  

Nitrite inhalants ("poppers") are peripheral vasodilators which, since the beginning of the epidemic, have been known to increase risk for acquiring HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, few studies in recent years have characterized use. From 1999 to 2004, new HIV diagnoses among MSM in British Columbia increased 78%, prompting us to examine the prevalence and correlates of this modifiable HIV risk factor.     

山东省部分男男性接触者艾滋病防治相关知识、态度和行为调查

目的了解山东省男男性接触者艾滋病防治相关知识、态度和行为状况,为制定艾滋病防治政策提供科学依据。方法采用滚雪球法或方便样本法,在全省8个城市使用统一设计的调查问卷对男男性接触者进行面对面调查,并采集静脉血标本。结果共调查1617名男男性接触者,平均年龄为26岁,已婚占71.9%,大学以上文化程度占58.6%,青年学生占25.3%。艾滋病防治相关知识全部回答正确率较低,为28.2%;发生高危性行为的比例较高,安全套使用率低于50%;检出HIV抗体阳性18例,感染率1.3%。结论山东省男男性接触者人群中存在着艾滋病流行,并有向一般人群蔓延的潜在危险。因此,应进一步加强该类人群艾滋病防治相关知识的宣传教育和安全套推广使用工作,以提高他们的艾滋病防治知识知晓率和自我防护意识。     

Comparison of risk behaviors and socio-cultural profile of men who have sex with men survey respondents recruited via venues and the internet

Background  

Increasingly more men who have sex with men (MSM) are using the internet to seek sex partners, and many HIV-related studies targeting MSM collect data from gay venues in order to inform the design of prevention programs. However, internet-based MSM may have different HIV risk behaviors and associated factors from those attending venues. This study examined differences in risk behaviors and socio-cultural profiles between MSM recruited from venues (e.g., gay bars/saunas) and from the internet respectively.     

Men who have sex with men inadequately addressed in African AIDS National Strategic Plans

Abstract

Through an analysis of AIDS National Strategic Plans (NSPs), this study investigated the responses of African governments to the HIV epidemics faced by men who have sex with men (MSM). NSPs from 46 African countries were systematically analysed, with attention focused on (1) the representation of MSM and their HIV risk, (2) the inclusion of epidemiologic information on the HIV epidemic among MSM and (3) government-led interventions addressing MSM. Out of 46 NSPs, 34 mentioned MSM. While two-thirds of these NSPs acknowledged the vulnerability of MSM to HIV infection, fewer than half acknowledged the role of stigma or criminalisation. Four NSPs showed estimated HIV prevalence among MSM, and one included incidence. Two-thirds of the NSPs proposed government-led HIV interventions that address MSM. Those that did plan to intervene planned to do so through policy interventions, social interventions, HIV-prevention interventions, HIV-treatment interventions and monitoring activities. Overall, the governments of the countries included in the study exhibited little knowledge of HIV disease dynamics among MSM and little knowledge of the social dynamics behind MSM's HIV risk. Concerted action is needed to integrate MSM into NSPs and governmental health policies in a way that acknowledges this population and its specific HIV/AIDS-related needs.     

辽宁省MSM HIV感染现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解辽宁省大、中城市男男性接触者(MSM)的HIV感染现状及其二代传播风险,为艾滋病防控提供参考信息。方法于2008年4-6月对辽宁省6个大中城市的MSM进行横断面调查,通过访谈式问卷调查MSM人群的高危行为等特征,采集静脉血检测HIV-1和梅毒螺旋体抗体。结果 2 074名MSM参加了调查,HIV和梅毒的感染率分别为4.8%(100/2 074)和8.9%(184/2 074);过去6个月中,其平均男性性伴数为5.8人,与固定性伴、商业性伴和偶遇性伴的安全套使用率依次为43.3%(899/2 074)、65.0%(286/440)和68.5%(1 421/2 074);51.6%(1071/2 074)的MSM曾与女性发生过性行为,其中与女性性伴最近一次性行为中安全套使用率为50.3%(294/585);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,梅毒感染(OR=4.6,95%CI=2.3～9.2)、被动肛交偶尔使用安全套(OR=2.8,95%CI=1.4～5.5)、最近6个月男性性伴数≥10个(OR=2.0,95%CI=1.0～3.8)和学历低(OR=1.8,95%CI=1.0～3.3)为HIV感染的独立...     

黑龙江省男男性行为者中艾滋病相关知识、行为及HIV感染检出率调查

目的探讨黑龙江省男男性行为者艾滋病相关知识、行为及艾滋病病毒感染检出状况,为在该人群中开展有效的艾滋病干预措施提供科学依据。方法由经过专业培训的调查者对男男性行为者进行一对一的问卷调查,同时收集研究对象的血液样本。结果在1353名被调查的男男性行为者中,艾滋病病毒感染率为2.3%。来自佳木斯、收入2000～元、在互联网寻找性伴和有过检测史的男男性行为者有较高的知识评分。在过去6个月,48.7%男男性行为者与多个男性发生过肛交性行为以及44.5%的男男性行为者每次都使用安全套。结论在男男性行为者中艾滋病病毒感染率已经升高,并且广泛存在着艾滋病相关危险行为,必须及时采取措施加以控制,防止艾滋病在该人群中广泛传播。     

广西南宁市男男性接触者艾滋病相关知识及行为学特征调查

目的了解南宁市男男性行为（MSM）人群的行为学特征，掌握艾滋病／性病在MSM人群中的流行情况，为南宁市MSM人群艾滋病／性病的健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法采取“滚雪球”方式进行调查，问卷采取匿名的方式，由培训后的工作人员询问情况后当场填写，问卷当场收回，同时采集3～5ml静脉血。结果452名被调查对象艾滋病相关知识知晓率普遍较高，“输入带有艾滋病病毒感染者的血液或血液制品会不会感染艾滋病病毒”这条正确率达到98．45％，总体知识知晓率为92．86％。最近一次与男性肛交安全套使用率为64．43％，最近6个月与男性发生肛交行为时安全套从不使用和每次均用的比率分别为10．95％和34．83％。获得预防艾滋病服务前3位分别是艾滋病/性病宣传材料（67．92％）、安全套发放（62．61％）、润滑剂发放（57．30％）。艾滋病病毒抗体阳性率为199％，梅毒阳性率为8．85％。结论南宁市MSM中的危险行为仍普遍存在，仅靠艾滋病知识的宣传很难促成行为的改变，应进一步采取多元化的艾滋病预防策略遏制男男性行为人群中的艾滋病流行。     

黑龙江省某市区内男性同性恋者人数估计与HIV流行形势的分析

目的:通过调查摸清黑龙江省AIDS男男同性恋者(MSM)的基数及HIV感染情况,为制定HIV/AIDS预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法:采用乘数法对目标人群基数进行估计,现场流行病学调查目标人群为网站、酒吧、浴池、公园、公厕活动的男男同性恋者;尿样ELISA法检测抗HIV抗体。结果:黑龙江省某市区MSM经常在场所活动的人数占成年男性的0.9%,其HIV感染率为1.35%,而且发现了男性性工作者的HIV感染率为4.76%。     

A qualitative assessment of health seeking practices among and provision practices for men who have sex with men in Malawi

Background

In the context of a generalized epidemic and criminalization of homosexuality, men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi have a disproportionate burden of HIV compared to other adults. Past research has documented low uptake of HIV prevention and health services among MSM, self-reported fear of seeking health services, and concerns of disclosure of sexual orientation and discrimination in health settings. Qualitative research was conducted among MSM and health service providers in Blantyre, Malawi to understand underlying factors related to disclosure and health seeking behaviors and inform the development of a community-based comprehensive HIV prevention intervention.

Methods

Using peer recruitment, eight MSM participants representing a range of ages, orientations, and social and behavioral characteristics were enrolled for in-depth interviews. Five service providers were recruited from the district hospital, local health and STI clinics, and a HIV prevention service organization. We use the Health Belief Model as a framework to interpret the influential factors on 1) health seeking and uptake among MSM, and 2) influences on provision of services by healthcare providers for MSM.

Results

Results highlight disclosure fears among MSM and, among providers, a lack of awareness and self-efficacy to provide care in the face of limited information and political support. Service providers reported concerns of adverse repercussions related to the provision of services to men in same sex sexual relationships. Some MSM demonstrated awareness of HIV risk but believed that within the wider MSM community, there was a general lack of HIV information for MSM, low awareness of appropriate prevention, and low perception of risks related to HIV infection.

Conclusions

Qualitative research highlights the need for appropriate information on both HIV risks and acceptable, effective HIV prevention options for MSM. Information and educational opportunities should be available to the wider MSM community and the health sector. Health sector interventions may serve to increase cultural and clinical competency to address health problems experienced by MSM. To ensure availability and use of services in light of the criminalization and stigmatization of same sex practices, there is need to increase the safety of uptake and provision of these services for MSM.

     

Strategies to prevent HIV transmission among heterosexual African-American men

Background  

As part of qualitative research for developing a culturally sensitive and developmentally appropriate videotape-based HIV prevention intervention for heterosexual African- American men, six focus groups were conducted with thirty African-American men to determine their perceptions of AIDS as a threat to the African-American community, characteristics of past situations that have placed African Americans at risk for HIV infection, their personal high risk behaviors, and suggestions on how HIV intervention videotapes could be produced to achieve maximum levels of interest among African-American men in HIV training programs.     

A sex-role-preference model for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in China

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are much more likely to be infected with HIV than the general population. China has a sizable population of MSM, including gay, bisexual men, money boys and some rural workers. So reducing HIV infection in this population is an important component of the national HIV/AIDS prevention and control program.

Methods

We develop a mathematical model using a sex-role-preference framework to predict HIV infection in the MSM population and to evaluate different intervention strategies.

Results

An analytic formula for the basic reproduction ratio R₀ was obtained; this yields R₀ = 3.9296 in the current situation, so HIV will spread very fast in the MSM population if no intervention measure is implemented in a timely fashion. The persistence of HIV infection and the existence of disease equilibrium (or equilibria) are also shown. We utilized our model to simulate possible outcomes of antiretroviral therapy and vaccination for the MSM population. We compared the effects of these intervention measures under different assumptions about MSM behaviour. We also found that R₀ is a decreasing function of the death rate of HIV-infected individuals, following a power law at least asymptotically.

Conclusion

HIV will spread very fast in the MSM population unless intervention measures are implemented urgently. Antiretroviral therapy can have substantial impact on the reduction of HIV among the MSM population, even if disinhibition is considered. The effect of protected sexual behaviour on controlling the epidemic in the MSM population largely depends on the sex-ratio preference of different sub-populations.

     

2010－2013年中国男男性行为人群艾滋病/梅毒感染状况、性行为特征及艾滋病知识知晓情况的Meta分析

目的 通过2010－2013年针对MSM人群的调查进行Meta分析,了解近年来中国MSM人群的性行为特征、艾滋病知识知晓率情况、HIV/梅毒的感染状况及其随时间和地区的分布。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、PubMed数据库上已发表的2010－2013年针对中国MSM人群HIV、梅毒感染状况的文献,采用Stata 12.0软件对入选文献进行Meta分析。结果 共有66篇文献纳入,2010－2013年中国MSM人群中HIV合并感染率为7.7%(95%CI:7.2%～8.3%),呈逐年上升趋势,其中西南地区合并HIV感染率最高(12.0%);合并梅毒感染率为10.9%(95%CI:9.8%～12.1%),华南地区合并梅毒感染率最高(14.4%);性行为特征呈现近6个月肛交发生率偏高(84.2%),肛交坚持使用安全套率较低(44.8%)的特点,但该人群有较高的艾滋病知识知晓率(88.4%)。结论 2010－2013年中国MSM人群HIV、梅毒感染疫情呈高流行态势,面对该人群“高艾滋病知识知晓率,高无保护性性行为”这一普遍现象,探求有效促进MSM人群安全套使用的综合干预策略,减少“知行分离”的发生尤为重要。     

Sexual health of ethnic minority MSM in Britain (MESH project): design and methods

Background  

Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the group most at risk of acquiring HIV infection in Britain. HIV prevalence appears to vary widely between MSM from different ethnic minority groups in this country for reasons that are not fully understood. The aim of the MESH project was to examine in detail the sexual health of ethnic minority MSM living in Britain.     

采用BED-CEIA法估算男男性行为人群HIV-1新发感染率

目的监测黑龙江省2011年男男性行为人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)新近感染状况并计算其HIV-1新发感染率。方法收集黑龙江省2011年5个男男性行为人群哨点监测样本共计2 004份,采用酶联免疫和蛋白印迹方法检测出HIV抗体阳性样本,应用BED HIV-1捕获酶联法(BED-CEIA)对这些HIV抗体阳性样本进行检测,得出其新近感染所占比例,进而估算该人群的HIV-1年新发感染率。结果应用BED-CEIA方法共检测样本61份,其中30份为新近感染。计算得到2012年黑龙江省MSM人群HIV-1年新发感染率为3.41%(95%CI:2.19%～4.64%)。结论 2011年黑龙江省男男性行为人群监测哨点发现HIV感染者中约半数为新发感染,男男性行为人群艾滋病疫情态势不容乐观,应对该人群开展HIV-1新发感染连续监测。     

2011-2012年金华市男男性接触人群高危行为和艾滋病感染情况调查

目的：了解金华市男男性接触者MSM人群的艾滋病高危行为情况及其艾滋病感染状况,为制订针对MSM人群的干预策略提供科学依据。方法：对金华市2011-2012年968名男男性接触者进行面对面问卷调查,采其静脉血5ml检测HIV抗体和梅毒抗体。资料使用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果：共调查了968名MSM人群,平均年龄（26.9±8.4）岁。MSM人群发生首次性行为的平均年龄是（18.2±3.1）岁,发生首次性行为的性伴62.1%是男性。近6个月92.14%的MSM人群与男性有过肛交性行为,男性性伴数平均是4.2人,最近6个月与男性发生肛交时,只有32.64%的MSM人群每次都使用了安全套。HIV感染率为6.7%,梅毒感染率为5.9%。结论：MSM人群HIV和梅毒感染率高,多性伴和发生肛交时安全套使用率低,将可能促进艾滋病在MSM人群中的快速蔓延,应继续加大力度开展健康促进活动,针对MSM人群的干预工作亟待加强。