肱骨骨折取内固定致肱动脉血管瘤一例

患者男,48岁,因右肱骨骨折术后3年,右上臂肿物渐进性增大半年于2010年2月入院.患者3年前因右肱骨中段粉碎性骨折于当地医院行切开复位、钢板加克氏针(一根)内固定术.半年前于当地医院取内固定物,未能取出内固定之钢板及克氏针.术后1周患者右上臂下段内侧开始出现一约核桃大小的肿块,并缓慢增大.     

左胸腔和右髂内动脉克氏针移位一例

目的 报道1例骨折内固定器械克氏针在人体内的移位.方法 2004年3月,患者曾因右锁骨骨折行开放锁骨复位手术,用2根交叉克氏针内固定,术后3个月右锁骨骨折愈合,克氏针未行手术移除.2005年4月,患者感左胸痛入院,行胸部及盆部X线、CT及三维重建,示固定在右锁骨上的2根克氏针发生了移位,1根在左侧胸腔,另1根移位至右骶髂关节前方(右髂内动脉内).行左侧胸腔切开取针和右髂内动脉切开取针术后,结扎右髂内动脉.结果 术后患者恢复良好,胸痛缓解,右下肢活动感觉无异常.术后7 d康复出院.结论 采用克氏针行锁骨骨折内固定应牢固固定,否则易出现移位,引起严重后果.     

金属内固定材料腐蚀性断裂1例

1病例资料 患者,女,69岁,因“左踝骨折术后19年,要求取出内固定物”入院。患者于19年前不慎被机器绞伤左踝部,于当地医院诊断为：左内外踝开放性骨折。行左内外踝切开复位、螺钉克氏钊‘内固定术。患者术后恢复好。1个月前患者出现左踝部疼痛,为进一步治疗,至中国人民解放军第九八医院就诊,要求手术取出内固定装置。门诊查X线片提示：左内外踝骨折行内固定术后．骨折已骨性愈合,内踝克氏针断裂。入院『舌,在腰麻下行内固定装置取出术。术中顺利取出外踝未断裂的克氏针。内踝克氏针已断裂,故只给予取出尾段,头段仍留置于患者体内。     

股骨颈骨折内固定术后斯氏针游走盆腔伴感染1例

患者,女,79岁,因左股骨颈骨折三枚斯氏针内固定术后5年、双下肢浮肿7ｄ入院。患者1994年7月因跌伤致左股骨颈基底部骨折,伤后7ｄ在当地医院透视下行闭合复位三枚平行斯氏针内固定术,针尾均埋于皮下。术后3个月扶拐下床行走,1997年10月,因1枚斯氏针游走至右股骨大转子处皮外5ｃｍ,在当地医院拔除此针,当时摄Ｘ线片见余两枚斯氏针进入盆腔约15ｃｍ,未行处理。1999年1月因双下肢浮肿在我院内科就诊,行静脉肾盂造影时发现:两枚斯氏针均未经过股骨颈,从股骨颈前方进入盆腔约7ｃｍ,股骨颈骨折已愈合,双肾积水,以左侧为著,即转外科治疗,病程中一直…     

胸锁关节脱位内固定钢针游走心包肺内一例

1　病例介绍　患者男性,47岁。因左胸锁关节脱位行克氏针内固定术后5个月,常规摄片时发现克氏针坠入纵隔及右上肺1个月而入院。患者于1994年6月跌伤致左胸锁关节前脱位,于当月在本院行左胸锁关节切开复位克氏针交叉内固定,术后患者恢复佳,10月份来院准备拆除内固定时摄片发现克氏针偏离固定部位,胸透证实1枚在右上肺内,1枚在心包内。在全麻下行经胸腔取异物术。取胸骨旁切口分左右二路,先切除右第三肋软骨进入右侧胸腔上部,触及克氏针位于脏层胸膜之内,顺利取出1枚长约55ｃｍ克氏针,针孔丝线结扎,未见漏气及肺压缩。接着行切除左第三、四肋…     

肩锁关节脱位内固定术后克氏针脱落胸腔一例报告

患者 男性,27岁,因交通伤致右侧肩锁关节脱位(图1),Tossy分型Ⅲ型,于当地医院就诊,伤后第3天在全身麻醉下行右侧肩锁关节脱位切开复位克氏针张力带加拉力螺钉内固定术,术后右上肢超肩位石膏外固定.     

肱骨大结节骨折术后克氏针游走至骶尾部一例

目的分析肱骨大结节骨折术后克氏针游走至骶尾部的原因,提出解决措施。方法报告1例肱骨大结节骨折术后克氏针游走至骶尾部病例。结果本例因肱骨大结节骨折的行克氏针内固定术,术后6个月出现骶尾部疼痛,X线提示克氏针游走至骶尾部。结论肱骨大结节骨折术后克氏针游走至骶尾部,给患者带来再次手术痛苦。应予以重视。     

锁骨骨折克氏针内固定刺入肺内一例报告

患者女 ,43岁 ,农民。因左锁骨骨折行切开复位克氏针内固定术 ,术后曾出现左胸前隐痛、轻度咳嗽等症状 ,1年后来院要求拔钢针 ,经胸片检查显示克氏针已滑脱游入左肺内。并经ＣＴ检查显示克氏针游入左肺内 ,上段针距胸壁1 2ｃｍ ,下段针刺向纵膈及心脏距离仅 0 76ｃｍ。后经全麻开胸取出克氏针。体　会　锁骨骨折克氏针内固定滑脱 ,游入肺内很少见。其原因主要是钢针周围骨质吸收、疏松 ,骨折端未完全愈合 ,有异常活动 ,上肢活动作用、重力作用有关。本例克氏钢针尾未弯钩 ,加上述因素造成滑脱游入肺内。建议锁骨骨折克氏针固定针尾要弯钩 ,…     

跌打七厘片联合改良克氏针张力带内固定术治疗髌骨骨折的效果

目的探讨跌打七厘片联合改良克氏针张力带内固定术治疗髌骨骨折的效果。方法随机将2017-03-2019-03间太康县人民医院收治的128例髌骨骨折患者分为2组,各64例。对照组采用改良克氏针张力带内固定术治疗,观察组行跌打七厘片联合改良克氏针张力带内固定术治疗。比较2组的疗效。结果术后4周2组视觉模拟VAS评分均有所降低,但观察组低于对照组;术后3个月2组Lysholm评分均显著升高,但观察组高于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论跌打七厘片联合改良克氏针张力带内固定术治疗髌骨骨折,可有效缓解患者的术后疼痛程度,促进膝关节功能的恢复。     

克氏针完全游入锁骨下一例报告

患者男,46岁,诊断为陈旧性左肩关节前脱位合并肱骨大结节撕脱骨折。于1987年11月2日行切开复位、2枚克氏针交叉内固定术,其中1枚克氏针经肱骨头穿入关节盂内,另1枚经肱骨头穿入喙突内,紧贴上臂外侧皮肤剪断克氏针,留针尾于皮下。术后置左上臂于胸侧、屈肘90°前     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.