人工皮膜在趾甲皮瓣切取后创面中的应用

自1996年以来我们应用海扶康人工皮膜治疗趾甲皮瓣切取后遗留创面9例,取得满意效果,现报道如下。1材料和方法1.1一般资料本组9例,男7例,女2例;年龄18～25岁。机器绞轧伤4例,挤压伤3例,砸伤2例,其中拇指Ⅲ度缺损2例,拇指Ⅳ度缺损2例,拇指皮肤撕脱伤3例。(其中1例合并虎口及掌背桡侧皮肤坏死),拇指再植术后坏死2例。亚急诊再造5例,择期再造4例;带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植5例,趾甲皮瓣移植4例。1.2治疗方法手术在臂丛阻滞及硬膜外麻醉下进行。根据受区设计带或不带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植。按常规切取趾甲皮瓣,保留趾趾骨全长。本组第一跖骨背动…     

不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣再造拇指

目的观察不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣移植重建拇指的临床效果。方法对9例拇指缺损、拇指皮肤撕脱伤及拇指再植术后坏死病例进行保留[足母]趾全长的游离[足母]趾趾甲皮瓣移植重建,其中拇指缺损4例,拇指皮肤撕脱伤3例,拇指再植术后坏死2例。亚急诊再造5例,择期再造4例。结果再造拇指全部成活,经随访1～6年,再造拇指外形美观,对掌活动灵活,再造拇指抓、握、捏有力,两点辨别距离8～12mm,患者对再造拇指均满意。供区[足母]甲皮瓣切取后植皮大部分成活,部分病例经甲壳胺人工皮膜局部使用后创面愈合。[足母]趾均保留了全长,无破溃及疼痛病例,术后对供足的站立行走及负重功能无明显影响。结论不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指具有外形逼真、功能恢复好、疗程短、对供区外形及功能影响小、患者易接受等优点,是治疗拇指皮肤撕脱伤、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度拇指缺损及再植术后拇指坏死补救的理想手术方法。     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

双足带有同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植治疗全手皮肤套脱伤

目的 探讨应用组合组织移植修复全手皮肤套脱伤的方法.方法 对3例全手皮肤套脱伤患者,分别采用一侧足部以胫前动脉为蒂的带踝前皮瓣、足背皮瓣、足内侧皮瓣和足外侧皮瓣的拇甲皮瓣再造拇指,修复桡侧手掌手背及虎口区皮肤缺损;另一侧足部带以上相同皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣再造示指(或中指),修复尺侧手掌及手背皮肤缺损.结果 术后3例,除一再造示指坏死外,其余组织瓣全部存活.术后随访3～12个月,修复后手部外形和捏、握、抓等功能基本恢复.皮瓣及再造拇、示指(或中指)感觉恢复至S2～S4.结论 双足带有同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣移植治疗全手皮肤套脱伤是一种有效的治疗方法.     

伴有手部皮肤缺损的急诊拇指和手指再造

目的 报道伴有手部皮肤缺损的急诊拇指和手指再造的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 急诊对11例伴有手部皮肤缺损的拇、手指缺损伤患者,采用双足带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或足第二趾组合移植进行修复,其中应用带足背皮瓣的(足母)甲瓣组合带足背皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣5例;应用带足背皮瓣的(足母)甲瓣组合带足背皮瓣的第二趾3例;应用双足带足背皮瓣的第二趾组合修复3例.其中1例再造3个手指,10例再造2个手指.5例采用同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或第二趾移植修复,6例采用带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或第二趾移植修复.结果 除1例再造3个手指者1指坏死外,其余组织瓣及再造手指均成活.术后伤13均一期愈合.随访5～24个月,修复后的手指基本恢复了抓、捏、握的功能,手部外形得到了一定的恢复,再造指及皮瓣的感觉恢复S2～S4.足部供区愈合较满意,无明显的瘢痕挛缩,不影响足部行走功能.结论 急诊采用双足带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣,或第二趾组合移植修复伴有手部皮肤缺损的拇、手指缺损伤,可以恢复伤手一定的功能外形,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

带第一趾甲皮瓣的三叶皮瓣移植再造拇指

目的 介绍第一趾甲皮瓣-足背皮瓣-前踝上皮瓣三联移植再造拇指的临床效果.方法 对伴有手背、手掌广泛软组织缺损的Ⅲ度拇指缺损,选用第一趾甲皮瓣一足背皮瓣-前踝上皮瓣三联移植加髂骨移植再造拇指7例,按照中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定其功能.结果 7例皮瓣移植全部成活,移植髂骨成活,再造拇指外形、功能佳.术后随访12个月～3年,按照中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准按功能活动度、再造指力量、感觉测定和使用情况四个方面分别测定,然后进行综合评定:8分1例,9分2例,10分1例,12分3例.本组优良率85.7%.结论 伴有手背、手掌广泛软组织缺损的Ⅲ度拇指缺损选用第一趾甲皮瓣一足背皮瓣一前踝上皮瓣三联移植加髂骨移植是一种良好再造拇指方法.     

足拇趾甲瓣与第2趾趾骨皮瓣组合再造拇指术

目的探讨应用足拇趾甲瓣与足第2趾趾骨皮瓣组合再造拇指的临床应用价值。方法12例（13指）拇指缺损平面：Ⅰ度缺损3例3指,Ⅱ度缺损5例6指,Ⅲ度缺损2例2指,Ⅳ度缺损1例1指,Ⅴ度缺损1例1指。依据手指缺损的长度和范围设计拇趾趾甲瓣与第2足趾趾骨皮瓣切取范围,第2趾携带胫侧皮瓣。末节再造者8例9指,其拇趾供区全厚植皮,第2趾创面直接闭合;4例4指应用第2趾甲皮瓣修复拇趾趾创面。结果12例均获随访,时间28个月。再造指全部成活12指,甲床部分坏死1指。再造指感觉运动功能及外观功能满意。按赵书强手功能评定标准：优3例,良9指,可1指。足供区外观功能均满意。结论足拇趾甲瓣与第2趾趾骨皮瓣组合再造术是解决拇手指缺损的有效方法。     

保留骨膜的拇趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指的临床研究

目的探讨延迟一期保留骨膜的拇趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指术的方法和临床效果。方法对22例拇指缺损患者，采用延迟一期保留骨膜的拇趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指术，动脉行坶趾腓侧趾底动脉与拇指尺侧指动脉吻合，静脉行趾与指背侧静脉吻合。结果22例再造拇指全部成活，仅1例部分皮瓣坏死，经换药后痊愈，再造拇指外观及功能均满意，两点辨别觉5～9mm。结论对于创伤性拇指，无保留条件的，延迟一期行保留骨膜的拇趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指，是一种可供选择的拇指再造新术式。     

(足母)趾甲联合足背皮瓣修复拇指和手部软组织缺损

目的　探讨拇指和手部软组织缺损显微修复的效果。　方法　应用吻合血管的趾甲联合足背皮瓣修复拇指脱套伤和手部皮肤缺损 5例。足部创面采用整块中厚皮修复。　结果　 1例足背皮瓣边缘部分皮肤坏死 ,其余各例皮瓣完全成活 ,拇指和手部外观良好、功能满意。　结论　趾甲联合足背皮瓣移植可为拇指和手部皮肤撕脱伤提供一种可选择的良好修复方法。     

Mu趾甲联合足背皮瓣修复拇指和手部软组织缺损

目的：探讨拇指和手部软组织缺损显微修复的效果。方法：应用吻合血管的Mu趾甲联合足背皮瓣修复拇指脱套伤和手部皮肤缺损5例。足部创面采用整块中厚皮修复。结果：1例足背皮瓣边缘部分皮肤坏死，其余各例皮瓣完全成活，拇指和手部外观良好、功能满意。结论：Mu趾甲联合足背皮瓣移植可为拇指和手部皮肤撕脱伤提供一种可选择的良好修复方法。     

Flexion deformities of the thumb: clasped thumb and trigger thumb

Congenital clasped thumb in palm corresponds to a spectrum of anomalies leading to a loss of thumb extension and abduction. Intrinsic muscles and skin shortening are not infrequent. Conservative orthopedic treatment should be undergone as soon as possible. When this treatment fails, or when patients are seen late, surgical correction has to be customized according to the involved structures. The trigger thumb is 10 times more frequent than the trigger finger. It is bilateral in 30% of the cases. The term "congenital" remains unclear as several investigations on newborns have not evidenced trigger thumb. In children, it is very rare to find a real trigger and presentation consists in a fixed flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint. Diagnosis is clinical, with a palpable nodule at the level of T1 pulley. Conservative treatment, consisting in a nocturnal splint, is indicated before the age of two years old. After this age, or in case of failure of splinting, surgery will be needed.     

Triphalangeal thumb

Triphalangeal thumb is often thought to be a rare congenital abnormality; it has an incidence of 1 in 25,000 births. We reviewed 49 triphalangeal thumbs in 28 Mexico City patients at the Diaz Lombardo Hospital from 1974 to 1979, Shriners Hospital from 1979 to 1982, Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia from 1981 to 1982, and at the ABC Hospital from 1971 to 1998. A total of 21 patients (75%) had bilateral deformity. Patients were classified according to Dieter Buck-Gramcko system and Müller teratologic line. All were surgically treated and evaluated with Cheng graduation scale, finding good results in 48 patients (97%), fair results in one (3%), and no poor results.     

Skier's thumb

Over a period of 9 years (1979-1988), more than 1000 patients have been seen in the Department of Hand Surgery with a tentative diagnosis of skier's thumb or a painful metacarpophalangeal of the thumb. Most injuries were treated conservatively, but 562 operations on the ulnar collateral ligament were done during this period. An X-ray Film was taken in all cases to exclude a fracture. The indications for an operation depend on the clinical symptoms. Swelling, pain just over the ulnar collateral ligament, and instability of the joint with a widening of the ulnar aspect of the joint of more than 30 degrees in comparison to the other hand are typical clinical symptoms, which together with the widening in the flexion position, prove a rupture of the collateral ligament. As part of our standard examination we take X-ray films of the hand in two projections to exclude a fracture, followed by abducted stress views in comparison to the other side. The best results were obtained when surgical therapy was performed within the first 8 days. Fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb were operated on by pin wire fixation of the bone fragment in the anatomically correct position along with temporary transarticular pin wire arthrodesis. In ligamentous ruptures, periostal sutures together with a temporary arthrodesis were carried out. Old injuries without sufficient regeneration of the ligament and capsule necessitated plastic surgery using the long pulmar tendon or a PDS wire. In each case the joint was immobilized with a cast for 5-6 weeks, followed by active physiotherapy.     

Mallet thumb

The uncommon injury of mallet thumb is described, with four case reports. In diagnosis the condition must be distinguished from dropped thumb. Operative treatment is advised which, in this small series, gave excellent results.     

Rheumatoid thumb

The hand is the main tactile sensory organ and is uniquely designed for fine motor activities. Any deviation from the normal architecture or limitation from a painful condition may lead to disability. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is fundamentally an inflammatory disease of the soft tissues. Deformities of the thumb arise from abnormal stretching of ligament and capsular structures as well as from ruptures and subluxations of the tendons. This article provides an overview of the types of deformities associated with, and surgical management of, RA of the thumb.