机器人辅助腹腔镜下Lich-Gregoir输尿管膀胱再植术治疗成人梗阻性巨输尿管症

目的 探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下左侧输尿管膀胱再植术的关键步骤及操作要点。方法 患者女,25岁,10 d前因左腰部间歇性疼痛不适就诊于本院,超声检查提示左肾、输尿管扩张,进一步泌尿系增强尿路成像检查示:左侧输尿管下段近膀胱入口处管腔缩窄、管壁可疑增厚,上游输尿管及左肾盂、肾盏积水明显扩张。术前积极完善相关辅助检查,排除手术禁忌后决定实施机器人辅助腹腔镜下左侧输尿管膀胱再植术。关键手术步骤:(1)打开乙状结肠悬韧带,于输尿管跨过髂血管处找到输尿管,于膀胱子宫陷窝外侧壁打开腹膜,显露输尿管末端,以可吸收Hem-o-lok夹闭末端输尿管。(2)于原输尿管上方,即膀胱后外侧壁斜行切开膀胱肌层,长3～4 cm,向两侧分离肌间沟。将F4.8双“J”管向上置入输尿管至肾盂,在膨出的膀胱黏膜上作一小切口,口径与末端正常管腔的输尿管相近或略大,将双“J”管尾端放入膀胱内。(3)在输尿管无张力、无扭曲的状态下采用5-0可吸收线将输尿管与膀胱粘膜间断对称缝合。4-0可吸收线间断缝合膀胱肌层及少量输尿管外膜,将3～4 cm输尿管末端潜行包埋于膀胱壁肌间沟内,将膀胱切口处逐层缝合,观察见输尿管张力可,吻合口处无漏尿...     

机器人辅助腹腔镜输尿管非乳头再植术

目的：介绍应用达芬奇外科（Da Vinci S Surgical）系统成功完成10例机器人辅助腹腔镜输尿管非乳头再植术的方法和临床效果.方法：本组输尿管末端狭窄并肾积水患者10例,左侧7例,右侧4例,平均年龄34.9岁,术前B超、IVU及逆行尿路造影等检查诊断为输尿管扩张,程度均为V级.所有患者均采用经腹腔入路,手术步骤包括输尿管的分离和离断、双＂J＂管置入、输尿管膀胱再植等关键步骤.结果：所有手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术及术中并发症,平均手术时间93 min,平均吻合时间33 min,平均术中出血量约30.5 ml;平均术后引流量320 m1,平均术后住院时间8.9天,平均卧床时间3.5天;术后随访3～12个月,肾输尿管积水完全消失9例,明显好转1例（Ⅰ级）.结论：机器人辅助腹腔镜输尿管非乳头再植术是简便可行的手术方法,创伤小,安全可靠,疗效确定.     

腹腔镜下输尿管乳头法输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下插入式乳头法输尿管膀胱再植术的适应证、手术技巧及其应用效果。方法 2004年5月至2007年6月,应用腹腔镜行输尿管乳头法输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管下段病变患者21例（25侧）,其中男14例,女7例,年龄3.5～52岁,平均32岁。病变位于左侧12例,右侧5例。双侧4例,11侧为输尿管末端狭窄,2侧输尿管子宫内膜异位症,3侧为巨输尿管,4侧为重复肾输尿管畸形积水,5侧为输尿管阴道瘘。中度肾积水11侧,重度肾积水10侧。腹腔镜下输尿管近侧断端剖开外翻缝合形成乳头,置入双J管。然后将输尿管外膜肌层与膀胱壁全层作间断吻合。结果 21例（25侧）均腹腔镜下完成,没有中转开放手术。手术时间60～180min,平均136min;术中出血20～50ml,平均32ml;住院9～15d,平均12d;随访3～36个月,平均15个月。超声和静脉尿路造影显示,肾输尿管积水消失或好转19例,术后吻合口再狭窄1例,行输尿管镜内切开后积水消失。膀胱造影检查未见膀胱输尿管反流发生,没有发生吻合口瘘等并发症。结论腹腔镜下乳头法输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管下段病变具有操作简单、手术创伤小、患者恢复快、抗反流效果好、吻合口狭窄及吻合口瘘的发生率低的优点。     

腹腔镜下输尿管非乳头再植术的临床应用

目的 探讨一种新的输尿管膀胱再植方法--输尿管非乳头再植术的临床效果. 方法 2004年至2006年,收治输尿管末端狭窄合并肾积水患者6例.男1例,女5例,平均年龄41岁.左侧2例,右侧4例.术前均经B超、IVU及逆行尿路造影等检查诊断,输尿管扩张程度均为Ⅴ级.结果 6例患者均全麻下行经腹腔途径腹腔镜手术,游离输尿管至膀胱,近膀胱处结扎并用超声刀剪断输尿管,于膀胱侧后顶部剪开膀胱壁约0.8～1.0 cm,输尿管内置入双J管并固定于输尿管末端,将输尿管拖入膀胱内1.0～1.5 am,4-0可吸收线连续缝合输尿管浆肌层与膀胱壁全层.5例患者平均随访23(12～36)个月,肾输尿管积水完全消失4例,明显好转1例(Ⅰ级);1例失访. 结论 腹腔镜输尿管非乳头再植术简便易行、疗效可靠,适于临床开展.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜改良非乳头Lich-Gregoir输尿管膀胱再植术治疗梗阻型巨输尿管

目的 探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜改良非乳头Lich-Gregoir输尿管膀胱再植术治疗原发性梗阻型巨输尿管(primary obstructive megaureter, POM)的效果。方法 回顾性分析2021年2～12月12例POM的临床资料。年龄8～60(34.2±24.9)月。梗阻型9例,梗阻伴反流型3例。使用da Vinci Xi机器人手术系统,通过斜行逼尿肌隧道联合输尿管非乳头植入方式行改良Lich-Gregoir输尿管膀胱再植术。比较手术前和术后12个月各项参数变化。结果 手术时间140～170(152.8±10.5)min,手术出血量<5 ml,术后住院时间3～4 d。随访时间12～18(13.7±2.2)月。术后12个月复查,输尿管最大直径、最大肾盏直径、肾盂前后径较术前明显缩小[(18.0±3.2)mm vs.(5.8±1.1)mm,(14.0±3.6)mm vs.(3.5±2.9)mm,(32.5±3.3)mm vs.(7.8±1.6)mm,均P=0.000],肾皮质厚度和分肾功能较术前增加[(3.6±1.7)mm vs.(5.8±1.9)mm,(33.1±2.2...     

腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术

目的探讨腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄的可行性和疗效。方法全麻下经腹腔途径腹腔镜下采用膀胱外输尿管壁潜行抗返流吻合法行输尿管膀胱再植术,游离输尿管,于梗阻上方切断,膀胱半充盈状态下斜行切开膀胱后侧壁肌层,向两侧分离肌间沟。膨出的膀胱黏膜上做一小切口,在输尿管无明显张力、扭曲情况下,将输尿管与膀胱黏膜间断缝合,间断缝合膀胱肌层并捎带输尿管外膜,将长3~4 cm输尿管末端潜行包埋于肌间沟。结果 9例手术均获成功。手术时间90~135 min,平均112 min;术中出血量30~50 ml,平均40 ml;术中和术后未输血。术后住院时间4~7 d,平均6 d。术后1个月拔除双J管。术中及术后均未发生严重并发症。9例随访3~13个月,平均7个月,B超、静脉肾盂造影和(或)磁共振尿路成像显示无吻合口狭窄,5例肾积水消失,4例肾积水、肾盂分离由术前(19±4)mm下降至术后(11±2)mm,膀胱造影无输尿管返流。结论腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植手术治疗输尿管末端狭窄可行,具有创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效确切等优点。     

输尿管裁剪整形再植术治疗先天性巨输尿管症

报告采用输尿管裁剪整形再植术治疗先天性巨输尿管症3例。膀胱镜检查患侧输尿管口可顺利插入导管;造影显示输尿管明显扩张、增粗;电视观察未显示明显蠕动,拔管后排空缓慢。本组病例均先行输尿管裁剪后修复,再与膀胱进行吻合。近期随访术后情况良好。并对本病的病因病理及诊治进行讨论。     

腹腔镜游离性输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜游离性输尿管膀胱再植术的适应证、手术方法、临床疗效.方法 采用腹腔镜游离性输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管末端梗阻36例患者,其中左侧20例,右侧14例,双侧2例.26例为输尿管末端狭窄,其中6例合并输尿管结石、2例合并输尿管末端肿瘤,1例左肾结核并双肾积水,10例为巨输尿管.结果 36例手术均获得成功.手术时间60～180 min,平均100 min;术中出血30～120 ml,平均60 ml;住院3～14 d,平均7 d.患者术后恢复期均无并发吻合口瘘或肾积水加重.36例患者均于术后3～6个月内行B超以及静脉肾盂造影检查,15例肾输尿管积水消失,21例好转.行膀胱造影检查者,未见有输尿管返流发生.结论 腹腔镜游离性输尿管膀胱再植术其手术创伤小,患者术后恢复快,抗反流效果明确,尿瘘、吻合口梗阻等并发症少,在治疗输尿管末端病变中,极具临床意义.     

腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术

目的 探讨腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术的可行性和临床疗效。方法 采用经腹腔途径施行腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管出口梗阻9例。左侧1例，右侧7例，双侧1例。4例为单纯性输尿管出口狭窄，1例输尿管出口狭窄伴对侧输尿管结石，1例输尿管出口狭窄者经尿道钬激光切开术后1年出现再次狭窄，1例为开放输尿管膀胱再植术后再发输尿管出口狭窄，1例为泌尿系结核左肾切除术后右侧输尿管出口狭窄，1例为右卵巢囊肿术后双侧输尿管出口梗阻伴发急性肾衰竭2周。B超和IVU检查示重度肾积水6例7侧，中度肾积水3例。结果 9例手术均顺利。手术耗时115～180min/侧，平均132min／侧。术中出血40～150ml，平均62ml。术后1～3d拔除膀胱外引流管下地活动，无一例漏尿。术后1周拔除导尿管，7—14d出院，平均住院时间8d。术后1个月拔除双J管。术后3～6个月膀胱造影显示I度双侧输尿管返流1例，无返流8例。随访3～16个月，B超和IVU、MRU复查无吻合口狭窄，肾积水均得到明显改善，中度肾积水者2例，轻度肾积水者4例，无明显肾积水者3例。结论 腹腔镜膀胱壁瓣法输尿管膀胱再植术手术效果好，抗返流效果佳，刨伤小，是治疗输尿管出口病变的微创新途径。     

输尿管剪裁成形膀胱再植术治疗成人先天性巨输尿管（附7例报告）

我院自1982年10月至1997年10月共收治成人先天性巨输尿管症7例，采用输尿管中下段剪裁成形加抗逆流输尿管膀胱再植术治疗，疗效满意。现报道如下。     

Preliminary experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic staging of gynecologic malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of integrating robot-assisted technology in the performance of laparoscopic staging of gynecologic malignancies. METHODS: Seven patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic staging procedures for gynecologic cancers. Data were collected and analyzed as a retrospective case series analysis. RESULTS: We attempted 7 robot-assisted laparoscopic staging procedures with no conversions to laparotomy. The median lymph node count for lymphadenectomy was 15 (range, 4 to 29). Mean operating time was 257 minutes (range, 174 to 345). The average estimated blood loss was 50 mL. One patient developed sinusitis and required intravenous antibiotics. The median hospital stay was 2 days. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging is a feasible technique that may overcome the surgical limitations of conventional laparoscopy.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与开放、腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除及Bricker回肠膀胱术比较分析

目的 比较分析机器人辅助腹腔镜、传统腹腔镜以及开放手术下膀胱根治性切除+Bricker回肠膀胱术的围手术期资料及并发症情况. 方法 人组2010年1月至2015年10月在我院行膀胱根治性切除+Bricker回肠代膀胱术的132例膀胱癌患者,其中行开放手术者69例,行腹腔镜手术者57例,行机器人辅助腹腔镜手术者6例,比较各组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、进食时间、拔管时间及术后住院时间等围手术期情况和术后并发症. 结果 全部手术均顺利完成,3组患者的术后进食时间和盆腔引流管拨管时间比较无差异.开放组手术时间[398(360,450)min]低于腹腔镜组[435(390,510)min](P =0.011),而机器人组手术时间[338(330,480)min]与开放组和腹腔镜组之间无差异.机器人组出血量[300(200,375)ml]低于腹腔镜组[700(400,1 200) ml](P =0.043)和开放组[1 200(800,2 000)ml](P＜0.001),腹腔镜组出血量低于开放组(P=0.003).机器人组术中所输红细胞量(0 U)低于开放组[6(4,7.5)u](P =0.001),与腹腔镜组[2(0,4)U]无差异,而腹腔镜组术中输红细胞量低于开放组(P＜0.001).术中输血浆量3组总体存在差异(P=0.040),但两两比较无差异.机器人组术后住院时间[11(10,19.5)d]少于开放组[19(14,23)d](P =0.027),腹腔镜组术后住院时间[15(13,20)d]与开放组及机器人组比较,均无差异.3组间肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结阳性率及病理分级均无明显差异.3组患者间手术并发症比较,差异无统计学意义,以Clavien-Dindo评分对并发症进行分级,3组并发症分级无统计学差异. 结论 机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除+ Bricker回肠膀胱术具术中出血少、创伤小和术后恢复快的优势,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌安全有效的手术方法.     

机器人肝脏切除手术的临床现状与研究进展

随着外科手术器械和腹腔镜技术的不断发展,肝脏外科已经进入微创外科和精准外科时代。机器人辅助肝脏切除术已包含几乎所有传统开腹手术的适应证。目前临床研究显示,与开腹手术和传统腹腔镜手术相比,达芬奇手术机器人在肝脏切除术中的应用是安全、可行的。本文综合文献报道及临床实践,针对达芬奇机器人在肝脏切除术的临床现状和研究进展做一综述。     

The use of robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy in the patient with a scarred or obliterated anterior cul-de-sac.

OBJECTIVE: The scarred or obliterated anterior cul-de-sac may pose a challenge to hysterectomy by any route. Conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy is fraught with technical limitations that limit the ability to compensate for the altered anatomy. This study will evaluate the feasibility of applying robot-assisted laparoscopy to managing these patients. METHODS: Six patients with suspected pelvic adhesive disease involving the anterior cul-de-sac underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications. Data were collected and analyzed as a retrospective case series analysis. RESULTS: We attempted 6 robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomies with no conversions to laparotomy. The mean uterine weight was 121.7 g (range, 70 to 166.3). Mean operating time was 254 minutes (range, 170 to 368). The average estimated blood loss was 87.5 mL. One patient developed a delayed vaginal cuff hematoma. The average length of hospital stay was 1.3 days. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy is a feasible technique in patients with a scarred or obliterated anterior cul-de-sac and may provide a tool to overcome the surgical limitations seen with conventional laparoscopy.     

Meta analysis of robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic fundoplication in children

Background

Minimally invasive fundoplication may be performed using either a robot-assisted (RF) or conventional laparoscopic (LF) technique. Evidence comparing RF and LF in children remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the comparative safety and efficacy of RF versus LF by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Comparative studies investigating RF versus LF in children were identified from multiple electronic literature databases. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects modeling. Safety parameters investigated were post-operative morbidity and intra-operative conversions. Efficacy outcomes of interest were operative success, re-operation, post-operative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), total operating time (OT), analgesia requirement, and cost.

Results

Six observational studies met inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes of 297 children. No randomized controlled trials were identified. Pooled analysis determined no statistically significant differences between RF and LF for conversions, OT, LOS, and post-operative complications. There was no standardized follow up beyond the early post-operative period to enable data synthesis for remaining outcomes of interest. Limited evidence indicates higher costs with RF.

Conclusions

Safety and short-term efficacy seem comparable between RF and LF in children. There is insufficient evidence to assess comparative effectiveness for many important procedure specific outcome measures. Higher quality and longer follow-up studies are required.     

Yamano分区断指再植疗效分析

目的探讨末节断指再植的临床疗效。方法2003年11月-2012年8月采用超显微外科技术吻合动静脉或仅吻合动脉、指尖放血的方法,进行YamanoⅠ～Ⅲ区断指再植60例72指。其中Ⅰ区18指,Ⅱ区22指,Ⅲ区32指。结果再植断指成活69指,成活率95．8％,按中华手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：优50指,良16指,差3指,两点辨别觉4-6mm。结论显微外科或超显微外科技术是末节断指再植成功的关键。     

单孔法腹腔镜疝修补术与三孔法腹腔镜疝修补术临床疗效观察

目的 比较单孔腹腔镜下完全腹膜外疝修补术(single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prosthes,SIL-TEP)、单孔腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术(single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperito...     

30-day outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: First analysis based on MBSAQIP

Background

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most popular bariatric procedure in the United States. Although standardized, variation exists in how the staple line is managed. Robotic approaches to SG (RSG) are increasing, though benefits compared with the conventional laparoscopic approach (LSG) remain controversial.

Pilot series of robot-assisted laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer

Background

Robotic surgery is evolving as a therapeutic tool for thoracic and urologic applications; however, its use in gastric cancer surgery has not been extensively reported. The objective of this pilot series was to assess the feasibility of using robotic surgery in performing an extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods

Between June 2005 and July 2006, seven patients (3 female, 4 male) underwent combined laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with omentectomy and robot-assisted extended lymphadenectomy using the da Vinci^® Surgical System for early distal gastric tumors. The mean age of the patients was 64 years. Tumor staging ranged from 0 to II. Six patients had adenocarcinoma and one patient had a high-grade dysplastic adenoma.

Results

All procedures were completed successfully without conversion. The median operating time was 420 min. There was one intraoperative complication requiring a colon resection for a devascularized segment. The median number of nodes harvested was 24 (range = 17–30). Resection margins were negative in all specimens. Patients were hospitalized a median of 4 days (range = 3–9). Thirty-day mortality was 0%. Patients resumed a solid diet a median of 4 days postoperatively. Median followup was 9 (range = 0–10) months. There have been no tumor recurrences to date.

Conclusion

Extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer using robotic surgery is safe and allows for an adequate lymph node retrieval. Our preliminary results suggest that this novel technique offers short hospital stays and low morbidity for patients undergoing surgical resection of distal gastric malignancies. Future studies will be necessary to better define the role of robotic surgery in gastric cancer treatment.