II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶与人类肿瘤

Ⅱ型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶(TTSPs)属于S1类丝氨酸蛋白酶,表达在某些器官和肿瘤组织的细胞表面中.由于TISP家族定位于细胞表面的特征,具有潜在的降解细胞膜和细胞外基质的功能,从而有利于肿瘤细胞的扩散和转移.近年来,对TTSPs的功能研究在逐步深入.笔者从TTSPs的生物学功能出发,对其在人类肿瘤发生、发展过程中所起的作用进行综述.     

跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4对肝细胞癌增殖侵袭作用的影响

目的 探讨跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4 (transmembrane protease serine 4,TMPRSS4)对肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)增殖侵袭的作用.方法 构建并鉴定慢病毒转染TMPRSS4过表达的人肝细胞癌细胞系BEL-7402.Western blot及RT-PCR检测TMPRSS4的表达.MTT实验检测TMPRSS4对BEL-7402细胞增殖能力的影响.Transwell实验检测TMPRSS4对细胞侵袭性的影响.结果 RT-PCR及Western blot结果显示TMPRSS4过表达组细胞TMPRSS4蛋白及mRNA表达均显著高于对照组及空白载体转染组.MTT实验结果显示,慢病毒转染后,对照组、空白载体转染组和TMPRSS4过表达组细胞增殖能力无显著差异(P＞0.05).侵袭实验显示TMPRSS4过表达组细胞穿过Matrigel胶到达Transwell小室膜背面的细胞数为49.3±7.4,显著高于对照组(23.3±5.0)和空白载体转染组(19.3±3.2)(P＜0.05).结论 HCC细胞表达TMPRSS4.TMPRSS4过表达可促进HCC细胞的侵袭能力,但是不影响HCC细胞增殖.     

组织因子途径抑制物2在肿瘤发生转移和侵袭中的作用

细胞外基质(extracellularmatrix,ECM)降解是肿瘤发生浸润转移过程中的关键一步,肿瘤细胞分泌的多种丝氨酸蛋白酶包括基质金属蛋白酶(matrixmetallopoteinases,MMPs)参与细胞外ECM降解。组织因子途径抑制物2(tissuefactorpathwayinhibitor-2,TFPI-2)是一种具有32000丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物,可抑制包括纤溶酶、胰蛋白酶、MMPs在内的多种蛋白酶。越来越多的研究表明,TFPI-2通过降解MMPs等抑制肿瘤转移、降低肿瘤的侵袭转移能力。TFPI-2在抑制肿瘤细胞迁徙及浸润转移过程中发挥重要作用,可作为一种潜在的基因治疗靶点。     

CD44v6和基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2表达与胆囊癌侵袭和转移关系的研究

原发性胆囊癌侵袭能力强、转移早 ,预后较差。因此本研究采用免疫组化法检测粘附分子ＣＤ4 4ｖ6及基质金属蛋白酶ＭＭＰ 2在原发性胆囊癌中的表达水平 ,旨在探讨其在肿瘤侵袭、转移中的作用。材料和方法1.研究对象 :选取 1993～ 1996年我院手术治疗的原发性胆囊癌标本 4 2例。细胞学分级 :Ⅰ级 (高分化 ) 9例 ,Ⅱ级 (中分化 ) 14例 ,Ⅲ级 (低分化 ) 19例。按有无淋巴结或远处转移分为转移组 (ＮｅｖｉｎⅣ、Ⅴ期 ) 33例 ,非转移组 (ＮｅｖｉｎⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期 ) 9例。所有病人术前均未行放疗及化疗 ,其中 37例病人获得随访。2 .方法 :鼠抗人Ｃ…     

跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4诱导放疗后肝细胞癌转移的机制研究

目的 探讨跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4(transmembrane protease serine 4,TMPRSS4)在放疗后残余肝细胞癌转移中的作用及机制.方法 建立具有肺转移潜能的人肝癌裸鼠原位模型,模拟临床分割放射治疗.将放疗后残余肝癌组织切除后再种植于正常裸鼠肝脏.6周后处死,测量放疗后再种植肝癌体积,计算其肝内移灶数目及肺转移率.HE染色观察放疗后肝癌组织学形态.Westernblot及RT-PCR检测放疗前后肝癌组织内上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关基因及TMPRSS4的表达.结果 对照组肝癌切除再种植后42 d,其肿瘤大小及肺转移率分别为(2.25士0.52)cm3和66.7％,而放疗后2d和放疗后30 d残癌切除再种植组,肿瘤大小分别为(1.61±0.51)cm3 (P＜0.05)和(2.60±0.61)cm3 (P＞0.05),肺转移率分别为12.5％ (P＜0.05)和100％ (P＜0.05).对照组及放疗后2d残癌切除再种植组无肝内转移灶,放疗后30 d残癌切除再种植组肝内转移灶数为18±8.05(P＜0.05).放疗后30 d残癌组织EMT相关蛋白N-cadherin、Vim-entin及TMPRSS4、SIP1的表达显著高于对照组及放疗结束后2d残癌组织,而E-cadherin表达则显著降低.结论 放疗后残癌的转移潜能先降低后增强.放疗后残癌TMPRSS4表达增加进而诱导EMT的发生可能是后期转移潜能增强重要原因之一.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2与胃癌的侵袭转移

细胞外基质和基底膜重塑是癌细胞侵袭转移过程中的关键环节,需借助于蛋白降解酶的表达和激活。基质蛋白酶主要有以下数种：丝氨酸蚩白酶类,包括血浆酶原激活剂;半胱氨酸蛋白酶类,包括组织蛋白酶D在内的溶酶体酶;金属蛋白酶类(metalloproteioases)。金属蛋白酶类在肿瘤侵袭过程中的作用近年来倍受关注,大量证据表明基质金属蛋白酶,特别是基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinase-2．MMP-2)在肿瘤细胞介导的细胞外基质降解中起关键作用,临床研究表明,MMP-2活性和表达的增加与人类多种恶性肿瘤侵袭转移潜能及预后密切相关。     

Hepsin基因在前列腺癌中的研究进展

Hepsin是最近筛查发现的在前列腺癌中高表达的基因,其编码一种Ⅱ型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶,有可能成为前列腺癌的一个新的肿瘤标志物和治疗靶点。本文就Hepsin基因在前列腺癌中的研究作一综述。     

基质金属蛋白酶与结直肠癌的侵袭和转移

结直肠癌的侵袭和转移是一个相当复杂的过程。基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）其抑制剂（TIMPs）是细胞外基质降解过程中的重要酶类,与多种病理过程尤其是肿瘤的侵袭和转移有着密切的关系,并在此过程中发挥着重要的作用。现就MMPs、TIMPs的生物学作用及其与结直肠癌侵袭和转移的关系进行综述。     

E-cadherin/catenins复合物与肝癌转移(文献综述)

上皮钙粘附素 (E cadherin)是cadherin家庭中 1 2 0kDa的跨膜糖蛋白 ,其胞浆内部分通过连环素(catenins)与肌动蛋白 (actin)骨架连接 ;细胞外部分通过嗜同性作用 ,主要介导同质细胞 (偶尔也介导异质细胞 )间的粘附。E cadherin/catenins复合物与多种肿瘤的侵袭转移有关 ,本文主要介绍有关E cad herin/catenins复合物表达与肝脏肿瘤转移之间关系的研究进展     

miRNA与乳腺癌转移

肿瘤转移是造成乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因.最新研究表明,一些miRNA在转录后水平调控乳腺癌转移相关基因的表达,与乳腺癌的侵袭和转移密切相关.本文针对参与调控乳腺癌侵袭和转移的miRNA及其作用机制做以综述.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。