肝脏假肿瘤性病变螺旋CT表现

目的 探讨肝脏假肿瘤性病变的螺旋CT平扫及动态增强扫描表现特点.资料与方法 回顾性分析25例经临床证实的肝假肿瘤性病变患者的CT图像,详细观察和记录肝假肿瘤性病灶的部位、形状以及平扫与增强各期密度变化.结果 25例共检出假肿瘤灶29个,13例位于肝镰状韧带周围,其中4例镰状韧带旁以纵裂为界左叶外段与内段病灶呈对称性分布;6例位于胆囊窝周围,2例位于肝包膜下,2例位于左叶内段后缘,2例位于肝脏中心.病灶为结节形、楔形或不规则形.按MSCT表现可分为高密度和低密度的假肿瘤性病变.结论 肝脏假肿瘤性病变在螺旋CT平扫及动态增强扫描各期的密度及其变化有特征性表现,有助于与肝内真性病变进行鉴别.     

镰状韧带旁肝假性病灶的影像表现及其原因分析

目的分析镰状韧带旁肝假性病灶(简称镰旁肝假病灶)的影像学征象及形成原理.方法 收集CT检查发现镰旁肝假病灶的患者40例(A型23例,B型17例),复习相关资料并结合2例活检、6例随访、5例MRI的结果,回顾性分析其CT平扫、增强密度的变化及其形成原理和机制.结果 25例镰旁肝假病灶动脉期呈低密度,13例呈等密度,2例呈稍高密度;40例镰旁肝假病灶门静脉期CT值均低于周围肝实质;27例镰旁肝假病灶延迟期呈低或略低密度,13例A型镰旁肝假病灶延迟扫描为等密度.2例A型镰旁肝假病灶MRI任何序列均呈等信号,反相位未观察到信号变化;3例B型镰旁肝假病灶反相位信号减低或稍减低.6例CT追踪随访2例A型镰旁肝假病灶无变化,4例B型镰旁肝假病灶缩小或消失;其中1例B型镰旁肝假病灶1月后MRI复查更变淡、缩小.结论 镰旁肝假病灶A型可由特殊血供引起,B型可由局灶脂肪浸润引起,其发生部位特殊,在CT、MRI上有特征性影像学表现,一般可明确诊断.     

镰状韧带旁肝假性病灶的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨镰状韧带旁肝假性病灶(falciform ligament pseudolesion, FLP)的MRI影像特点与鉴别分析。方法回顾性分析2012年1月～2018年3月经手术病理及随访复查证实的30例镰状韧带旁病灶,其中假病灶组(FLP) 20例,真病灶组10例(3例肝癌,4例血管瘤,3例转移瘤)。结果反相位上20例FLP有15例信号衰减;3例肝癌信号均有衰减。DWI序列所有FLP无受限;真病灶组10例均有受限。增强扫描20例FLP与肝脏同步强化,稍弱于肝实质;3例肝癌均与肝脏同步强化,明显弱于肝实质;4例血管瘤为动脉期、门静脉期渐进性持续强化,延迟期消退;3例转移瘤为边缘轻度强化。肝胆特异期20例FLP为等信号或稍低信号,真病灶组10例为明显低信号。结论 DWI及肝胆特异期信号强度有助于镰状韧带旁肝假性病灶的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

肝硬化梗死再生结节的CT表现

目的 探讨肝硬化梗死再生结节的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的5例肝硬化梗死再生结节患者的CT表现及临床资料.结果 5例患者均于食道或胃底静脉曲张出血后就诊.多数病灶呈圆形,病灶数目均大于10枚,直径0.5～2.0 cm,病灶边界多清晰,多位于肝周边邻近肝包膜下.4例结节呈簇状分布,1例呈散在分布,病灶均呈低密度,增强扫描边缘强化.1例3周后复查,之前所见结节消失.结论 肝硬化梗死再生结节多发生于上消化道出血后.CT检查多表现为肝脏周边近包膜下簇状分布的多发、小而呈圆形的低密度灶,增强扫描病灶边缘强化,在一段时间的CT随访中,病灶可消失或大小有所缩小,这些有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断.     

肝脏孤立性坏死结节的MRI和CT诊断及鉴别诊断

【摘要】目的：探讨肝脏孤立性坏死结节（SNN）的MRI、CT表现及其鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的47例SNN的临床及影像学资料。38例行腹部MRI平扫及增强检查,7例行腹部CT平扫及增强检查,2例同时行MRI和CT检查。结果：病灶位于肝右叶39例（39/47,83.0%）,肝左叶8例（8/47,17.0%）;分布于肝实质边缘42例（42/47,89.4%）,肝脏深部5例（5/47,10.6%）;病灶最大径≤2.5cm者25例（25/47,53.2%）、＞2.5cm者22例（22/47,46.8%）;形态不规则29例（29/47,61.7%）,呈圆形或椭圆形18例（18/47,38.3%）。MRI示所有病灶于T1WI上呈低信号-等信号,32例病灶T2WI上呈等信号-稍高信号、8例呈稍低信号。CT平扫示所有病灶内部呈稍低-低密度影,1例病灶边缘可见环形钙化。三期增强扫描显示所有病灶内部无强化,周边有薄环状延迟强化,其中18例病灶内间隔有轻度强化。结论：SNN的MRI、CT表现具有一定特征性,有助于该病的诊断。     

64层螺旋CT诊断肝脓肿的临床应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT在诊断肝脓肿中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析了24例肝脓肿病例的CT表现,着重观察并记录脓肿的部位、形态、数目及增强前后的CT表现,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果本文24例肝脓肿患者中单发者15例,占62．50％,多发者9例,占37．50％;24例肝脓肿患者中共计42个病灶,各病灶分布于肝脏各叶中,其中i6例分布于肝右叶,I例分布于肝左叶,7例分布于肝左右叶中。CT平扫所见该组所有42个病灶均表现为均匀或不均匀、低于正常肝实质的区域,42个肝脓肿病灶中有3个呈圆形或椭圆形,多房或花瓣状10个,2例病灶呈不规则形。平扫40个病灶呈低密度,2个病灶呈等密度;边缘清楚者4个病灶,边缘不清者38个病灶。64层螺旋CT增强扫描,观察其表现。结论肝脓肿的多层64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描检查对肝脓肿的诊断有重要价值。     

肝原发性淋巴瘤的CT表现

作者报导6例病理证实的肝原发性淋巴瘤的CT所见,4例肿瘤源于肝右叶,2例源于肝左叶。肿瘤在CT上均表现为巨块型低密度肿块,其中5例肿块呈单个分叶状,直径为11×5cm到12×17cm。1例巨块周围有卫星病灶,另有2例随访时出现卫星灶,3例肿瘤中心或边缘出现液化坏死,1例肿瘤合并钙化。增强扫描,3例病灶密度不变,3     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 :分析周围型肝内胆管细胞癌(PICC)的CT表现特点。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实的52例PICC的CT表现。结果:52例中,肝左叶32例,肝右叶14例,左右叶同时受累6例。病灶大小2.5~11.0 cm,平均6.7 cm。46例为低密度,6例为等密度,8例中心为更低密度,3例伴斑点状钙化。病灶所在肝叶萎缩20例,局部包膜凹陷18例;伴肝内胆管扩张24例;9例合并肝内胆管结石。增强扫描42例边缘轻中度强化,10例无明显强化,延迟扫描病灶内部强化逐渐明显,呈向心性强化。结论:PICC的CT表现具有一定特征性,结合临床生化检查(CA19-9升高),对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

脑实质内海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断

目的：探讨脑实质内海绵状血管瘤(CA)的CT、MRI、MRA认和DSA表现并比较四种影像学检查方法的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析20例CA的影像学表现，其中15例经手术病理证实，5例经影像学及临床随访证实。20例进行CT和MRI平扫、MRA认，13例行CT增强扫描，15例行MRI增强扫描，12例行DSA检查。结果：CA可发生于脑内任何部位．以单发多见(17／20，占85％)。20例CA检出25个病灶。CT和MRI平扫均发现所有病灶。CA的CT平扫均表现为高密度或稍高密度；13例CT增强扫描发现15个病灶，其中10个病灶无强化，5个病灶轻度强化。CA的MRI平扫表现为T1WI呈等或低信号12个，高信号8个，混杂信号5个；T2WI全部病灶均表现为高低混杂信号，23个病灶周围伴有低信号环，2个病灶周围有水肿带，无占位效应；15例MRI增强扫描发现17个病灶，其中7个病灶出现瘤体血管床轻中度强化，2个病灶边缘强化，8个病灶无强化。20例CA行3D TOF MRA认均未见异常血管影。12例行全脑DSA检查未见供血动脉与引流静脉。4例表现为毛细血管期或静脉窦期富血管性病变。结论：CA具有较典型的影像学表现．CT和MRI平扫对明确诊断具有重要意义，且MRI优于CT；CA的CT和MRI增强扫描无特征性表现；MRA和DSA对诊断CA价值有限。     

肝脓肿的CT诊断

目的:探讨肝脓肿的CT特征,提高诊断准确性.材料和方法:收集本院经CT检查,并经临床、CT随访和(或)穿刺病理证实的肝脓肿40例,男22例,女18例,年龄范围27～86岁,平均64.05岁.分析其临床表现、CT形态学特征.结果:40例66个脓肿中,单发脓肿28个(例)(70%),其中12个(42.86%)为单房脓肿,CT平扫均表现为肝内低密度、边缘模糊的占位病变,病灶最大达12cm×13em×10cm,最小为1.5cm×1cm×1cm;16个(57.14%)为单发多房脓肿,余12例(30%)为多发脓肿(发生于同一肝叶的7例,累及两叶以上者5例).66个脓肿中形态不规则者25个(37.88%),33个(50.00%)呈类圆形.8例为蜂窝状脓肿,表现为"簇状征".脓肿内含气或液气者4个(例).32例(62个病灶)又做了CT增强扫描,表现为脓肿边缘强化者45个(72.58%),多环形强化者12个(19.36%),不规则强化者5个(8.06%).5例行多期动态增强扫描,其中2例出现较具特征性的一过性"肝段强化"征象.结论:肝脓肿的CT平扫及增强表现多形性.当肝脓肿具"簇状征"和"肝段强化"征象时,与肝内其他占位病变可资鉴别.C T增强扫描,特别是多期动态扫描可进一步提高肝脓肿的诊断准确性,应常规采用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.