机器人辅助与传统腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗早期肾癌合并肥胖患者的疗效对比

目的 比较机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术（RAPN）与传统腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）治疗早期肾癌合并肥胖患者的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年8月我院收治的71例行RAPN或LPN治疗的早期肾癌（cT1N0M0）合并肥胖（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²）患者的临床资料。RAPN组34例,男22例、女12例,年龄为（51.2±13.4）岁,BMI为（30.36±2.21）kg/m²,肿瘤最大径为（3.67±1.09）cm,R.E.N.A.L.评分为（7.3±1.7）分,术前估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）为（92.8±22.0）mL/（min·1.73 m²）,手术采用经腹腔途径7例、经后腹腔途径27例;LPN组37例,男26例、女11例,年龄为（56.2±12.6）岁,BMI为（29.74±1.36）kg/m²,肿瘤最大径为（3.37±0.93）cm,R.E.N.A.L.评分为（6.9±1.6）分,术前eGFR为（90.4±22.4）mL/（min·1.73 m²）,手术采用经腹腔途径6例、经后腹腔途径31例。记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、肾脏热缺血时间、手术中转率、术中及术后并发症发生率、切缘阳性率、术后住院时间、术后肾功能下降百分比等指标并进行比较。结果 两组患者手术均顺利完成,均未发生术中并发症,无术中转开放手术或根治性肾切除术。RAPN组肾脏热缺血时间[（19.2±5.6）min]短于LPN组[（21.8±4.1）min],术后住院时间[（6.0±1.2）d]短于LPN组[（7.4±2.8）d],差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。RAPN组与LPN组的手术时间分别为（153.0±33.3）min和（140.1±32.3）min,术中出血量分别为（88.5±49.1）mL和（106.2±72.0）mL,术中输血率分别为2.9%（1/34）和5.4%（2/37）,术后并发症发生率分别为0和8.1%（3/37）,术后肾功能下降百分比分别为2.1%（-4.8%,9.3%）和5.8%（1.5%,15.7%）,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。术后病理结果显示所有患者手术切缘均为阴性。结论 RAPN和LPN均为治疗早期肾癌合并肥胖患者的有效术式。与LPN相比,RAPN治疗早期肾癌合并肥胖患者能减少术中肾脏热缺血时间,缩短术后住院时间,更利于保护患者肾功能,加快术后恢复。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术处理肾门偏上极骑跨肾血管及肾门前后唇部位肾门肿瘤

目的 评估机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术（RAPN）治疗特殊肾门部位（肾门偏上极骑跨肾血管及肾门前后唇，HUS）肿瘤的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2018年12月于我院接受RAPN治疗的患者临床基本资料，筛选出典型HUS部位肾门肿瘤13例（HUS组），并筛选R.E.N.A.L.评分与之相当的13例非HUS部位肾门肿瘤（非HUS组）作为对照。分析并比较两组患者基本资料、围手术期结果、并发症、肾功能变化和肿瘤复发转移情况。结果 两组患者肿瘤最大直径、R.E.N.A.L.评分具有较好的可比性，但HUS组中有3例手术中转开放肾部分切除术。与非HUS组相比，HUS组的手术时间[（132.92±22.33）min vs（110.85±20.97）min]和肾脏热缺血时间[（28.08±6.29）min vs（22.15±5.87）min]均较长，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。两组患者的术中出血量、输血率、术后住院时间、术后短期肾功能变化、切缘阳性率、并发症发生率、"三连胜"（trifecta）达标率差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。随访期间两组患者均无复发转移、无死亡。结论 HUS部位肾门肿瘤行RAPN需要更长的手术时间和肾脏阻断时间，并且术中更改手术方式的概率也较大，需要根据肿瘤特征和术者经验合理选择手术方式。     

RENAL评分系统在机器人腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的应用(附70例报告)

目的 运用R.E.N.A.L.评分系统分析达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术中的肿瘤特征和适应证特点,并评价其临床应用价值。方法 收集2012年3月至2013年9月第二军医大学长海医院泌尿外科同一术者连续完成的70例达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术患者临床资料,其中男47例、女23例,年龄（52.8±10.3）岁,体质指数（body mass index,BMI）为（24.8±3.25）kg/m²,麻醉评分（American Society of Anesthesiologists Score,ASA）为（2.0±0.4）分,Charlson全身合并症评分（age-weighted）为（0.7±1.03）分。左侧肿瘤38例（其中孤立肾肾肿瘤1例）,右侧肿瘤32例（其中孤立肾肾肿瘤1例）,肿瘤均为单发,肿瘤最大径（3.7±1.31）cm;R.E.N.A.L.评分（8.1±1.31）分。根据肾肿瘤R.E.N.A.L.评分系统得分的高低分组,分析并比较组间各临床指标的差异。结果 1例手术因术中出血中转开放,其余手术均顺利完成。手术时间（230±48.3）min,术中出血（154±135.9）mL,术中血流阻断时间（23.0±9.30）min,术后住院时间（11.4±4.44）d,总体输血率8.57%（6/70）,总体手术并发症发生率17.1%（12/70）。术后病理：手术切缘均为阴性,肾细胞癌58例,血管平滑肌脂肪瘤4例,其他良性病变8例。术后随访均未见肿瘤复发或转移,末次随访估算的肾小球滤过率（estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR）与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）。低、中、高复杂程度（R.E.N.A.L.评分）组间各参数比较：在前10例中完成的例数（50.0% vs 10.9% vs 11.1%,P=0.033）、手术时间[（213±35.5）vs （225±48.9）vs （269±31.7）min,P=0.008]、术中出血量[（86±31.3）vs （158±148.5）vs （172±66.7）mL,P=0.032]和缺血时间[（18.9±7.54）vs （22.2±8.88）vs （30.4±9.76）min,P=0.019]差异有统计学意义。结论 肾肿瘤R.E.N.A.L.评分与机器人肾部分切除术手术疗效密切相关,术前运用R.E.N.A.L.评分系统区分肿瘤复杂程度有助于指导达芬奇机器人腹腔镜技术在肾部分切除术中的合理应用。     

可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中的应用效果

目的 研究可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中的应用价值。方法 2013年9月至2014年9月连续选择58例口腔骨缺损大于1 mm患者,随机分为对照组26例和试验组32例,其中对照组应用羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,试验组应用可注射型生物玻璃,对比愈合情况。结果 术后6个月和12个月X线检查,试验组骨愈合情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（6个月：53.1% vs 26.9%,χ²=4.060,P=0.044;12个月：78.1% vs 46.2%,χ²=6.348,P=0.012）;局部排斥反应发生率差异无统计学意义（6.3% vs 11.5%,χ²=0.059,P=0.808）。术后6个月和个12月锥形束CT（CBCT）检查,试验组平均骨厚度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义[6个月：（2.9±0.2）mm vs（3.4±0.3）mm,t=4.724,P=0.036;12个月：（1.6±0.2）mm vs（2.3±0.2）mm,t=5.123,P=0.027]。试验组的血清骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义[BMP-2：（65.3±14.5）pg/mL vs（32.8±9.6）pg/mL,t=5.623,P=0.023;TGF-β：（102.3±35.7）μg/L vs（72.6±26.8）μg/L,t=6.237,P=0.014]。结论 可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中效果优于羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,有较大的应用价值。     

应用智能控压负压吸引输尿管软镜治疗肾铸型结石的临床研究

目的：　比较智能控压负压吸引输尿管软镜碎石术与普通输尿管软镜碎石术治疗肾铸型结石的临床疗效。方法：　回顾性分析2017年9月至2021年8月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院及赣州市人民医院行输尿管软镜碎石术的64名肾铸型结石患者临床资料。其中男性42例,女性22例,平均年龄50.9岁。41例行智能控压负压吸引输尿管软镜碎石术（控压组）,23例行普通输尿管软镜碎石术（非控压组）。运用t检验、χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法检验对2组患者的一期结石清除率、并发症发生率、术后血白细胞、手术时间、住院时间、住院总费用等进行比较。结果：　控压组手术时间长于对照组[（78.9±29.8）min vs.（60.7±32.1）min,t=2.278,P=0.026],一期结石清除率高于对照组（73.1% vs. 0%,χ²=28.808,P=0.000）,住院总费用低于对照组[（24 215.9±3 848.8）元 vs.（26 497.9±4 230.2）元,t=2.196,P=0.032]。2组并发症发生率（19.5% vs. 17.3%,χ²=0.044,P=0.835）、住院时间[（8.22±2.94）d vs.（6.87±1.79）d,t=1.997,P=0.05]、术后血白细胞[（9.83±5.72）×10⁹/L vs.（9.06±2.49）×10⁹/L,t=0.067,P=0.546]差异均无统计学意义。结论：　对于肾铸型结石,智能控压输尿管软镜吸引取石术较普通输尿管软镜一期结石清除率高、住院总费用少、患者获益更高。     

胸腺五肽对新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者局部组织中浸润淋巴细胞的影响

目的 探讨胸腺五肽对新辅助化疗的乳腺癌组织微环境中浸润淋巴细胞的影响。方法 自2012年1月~2014年1月,前瞻性收集笔者医院收治的接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者80例,将患者随机分为研究组和对照组,所有患者均行新辅助化疗,研究组在新辅助化疗期间给予胸腺五肽,化疗结束后进行手术切除肿瘤组织,留取乳腺癌组织标本,观察乳腺癌组织中和外周血中CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比例、外周血中IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β1水平。结果 与对照组比较,研究组患者乳腺癌组织中CD4⁺T细胞显著降低（21.47%±3.29% vs 23.88%±3.43%,P=0.002）;CD8⁺T细胞显著增高（30.36%±4.38% vs 28.43%±4.16%,P=0.047）;CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞显著降低（0.71±0.14 vs 0.84±0.18,P=0.001）。两组患者治疗前外周血CD4⁺T细胞、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β1等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组比较,研究组患者术后外周血CD4⁺T细胞水平显著增加（27.67%±4.24% vs 25.09%±3.68%,P=0.005）;CD4⁺/CD8⁺T显著增加（0.83±0.14 vs 0.75±0.18,P=0.029）;IL-6水平显著增高（12.39±2.87 vs 9.24±3.38ng/L,P=0.000）;IL-10水平显著降低（8.49±2.59 vs 12.59±3.65ng/L,P=0.006）;TGF-β1水平显著降低（12.47±3.88 vs 17.76±4.12ng/ml,P=0.000）。两组患者住院时间、切口感染、手术部位出血、复发率和病死率等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 胸腺五肽联合新辅助化疗可能有助于改善乳腺癌组织微环境中免疫状态和全身免疫功能。     

腹腔镜下肛门成形术治疗高位肛门闭锁的疗效

目的 探讨腹腔镜下高位肛门闭锁成形术的临床疗效。方法 2010年6月至2014年6月安徽省立医院收治高位肛门闭锁患儿45例,23例行腹腔镜下肛门成形术（LAARP）,22例行后矢状路肛门成形术（PSARP）,比较两种肛门成形术手术时间、出血量,以及住院时间和肛门括约肌功能。结果 LAARP与PSARP比较,出血量[（12.1±3.6）mL vs（16.1±2.6）mL,t=-4.25,P<0.05）]、住院时间[（10.2±2.7）d vs（15.2±1.9）d,t=-7.1,P<0.05）]降低,肛门括约肌功能[（1.5±0.5）分vs（1.1±0.4）分,t=2.94,P=0.005）]改善;而手术时间及术后大便失禁、直肠积粪状况无明显差异。结论 高位肛门闭锁患儿LAARP术后肛门括约肌功能恢复较好,且住院时间、出血量较PSARP明显降低,LAARP值得推广应用。     

基于虚拟现实技术和分段操作理念的机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术培训体系的建立

目的 针对机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术（RAPN）,建立一种基于虚拟现实技术和分段操作理念的渐进式分段培训体系。方法 选择1名近期取得达芬奇（da Vinci）机器人手术资格的泌尿外科医师,采用虚拟现实技术进行基础操作培训和缝合强化培训。随后将RAPN分为6个步骤,受训医师参与实际手术操作,每次手术完成其中的1个步骤,在减少对患者影响的前提下获得实践操作经验。最后受训医师独立开展RAPN。结果 受训医师顺利完成虚拟现实培训。在分段操作阶段共参与手术18例,与同期上级医师独自开展的手术相比,手术时间由（134±41）min延长至（161±51）min,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.087）。术中出血量、并发症发生率和术后住院时间等围手术期指标与同期上级医师独自开展的手术相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。通过培训后,受训医师能够独立开展RAPN。结论 通过虚拟培训、分段操作的方式,可以在较好地保证手术安全性和效果的前提下培养受训医师的操作技能,使其高效、高质量地完成RAPN。     

18F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效中的关联性分析

目的 本研究旨在探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的关联性。方法 2014年1月~2015年12月,收集笔者医院收治的行新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者98例。前瞻性分析¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的关联性。结果 与病理无效组相比,病理有效组患者SUV_max0显著增加（9.54±3.11 vs 6.12±3.21,P=0.015）;SUV_max1变化率显著增加（53%±17% vs 29%±11%,P=0.000）;SUV_max2变化率显著增加（61%±21% vs 34%±12%,P=0.000）。与未pCR组相比,pCR组患者SUV_max0显著增加（10.54±4.11 vs 5.87±2.21,P=0.000）;SUV_max1变化率显著增加（57%±17% vs 28%±10%,P=0.000）;SUV_max2变化率显著增加（64%±23% vs 33%±11%,P=0.000）。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT可作为评价乳腺癌新辅助化疗效果的一种影像学方式,值得临床进一步推广。     

活化诱导胞嘧啶核苷脱氨酶在系统性红斑狼疮患者肾组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨活化诱导的胞嘧啶核苷脱氨酶（AICDA）在系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者肾组织中的表达及临床意义。方法 收集2013年3月至2017年6月于中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院就诊的73例SLE患者和36例原发性膜性肾病（Ⅱ期）患者（对照组）肾穿刺活组织检查的肾组织,利用免疫组织化学染色方法检测肾组织中AICDA的表达水平。分析AICDA的表达与SLE患者临床病理参数（病理分型、系统受累情况、疾病活动度评分、治疗转归）的关系。结果 SLE患者肾组织中AICDA的表达水平高于原发性膜性肾病患者,差异有统计学意义（6.12±2.47 vs 3.33±1.91,P<0.05）。Ⅲ型（5.25±4.06）、Ⅳ型（6.88±2.20）、Ⅴ型（6.10±1.66）、Ⅲ+Ⅴ型（5.75±2.34）、Ⅳ+Ⅴ型（5.72±2.37）狼疮性肾炎患者间AICDA的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。有口腔溃疡、间质性肺炎、神经系统损害、关节炎、血液系统损害和浆膜炎SLE患者肾组织中AICDA的表达水平分别高于无上述系统损害者（7.02±2.14 vs 4.17±1.97,7.86±2.39 vs 4.98±1.76,9.83±1.34 vs 5.39±1.92,6.88±2.04 vs 2.93±1.21,7.51±1.81 vs 3.70±1.23,7.29±2.33 vs 5.34±2.29;P均<0.01）。SLE疾病活动度评分越高,AICDA的表达越强,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。SLE完全缓解患者肾组织中AICDA表达低于未完全缓解患者,但差异无统计学意义（5.84±2.39 vs 6.80±2.56,P>0.05）。结论 AICDA与SLE的发生和发展有关,有望为SLE的治疗带来新的靶点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.