全身麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者POCD的影响

目的 探讨全身麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者术后认知功能障碍（POCD）的影响。方法 将62例行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的患者随机分成两组,分别采用单纯全身麻醉（对照组,n=31）、全身麻醉联合硬膜外阻滞（联合组,n=31）。比较两组的围术期相关指标、血流动力学及POCD的发生情况。结果 联合组丙泊酚用量较对照组明显减少（P<0.05）;从T₂时刻起,对照组HR水平较T₀时刻显著升高,MAP水平则显著降低（P<0.05）,且联合组T₂、T₃、T₄时刻的MAP水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后1天,对照组MMSE评分较术前明显降低,且低于联合组（P<0.05）;联合组POCD的发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 全身麻醉复合硬膜外阻滞用于腹腔镜胃癌根治术减少麻醉药物用量,维持血流动力学稳定,提高术后认知能力。     

不同测量工具下FS-LASIK手术前后眼压测量值一致性及测量变化值影响因素分析

目的 对比分析Goldmann眼压计（GAT）和非接触眼压计（NCT）在FS-LASIK手术前后眼压测量值一致性及其变化。方法 选取2016年12月至2017年9月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院行FS-LASIK手术的近视患者154例（303只眼）,采用横断面研究,对比评估手术前后GAT测量值（IOP-GAT）和NCT测量值（IOP-NCT）的变化及一致性,分析该眼压测量变化值与年龄、术前等效球镜绝对值（|SE_pre|）、术前眼压测量值（IOP-GAT_pre、IOP-NCT_pre）、术前中央角膜厚度（CCT_pre）、切削深度（AD）、切削比（AR）及术前曲率半径（R_pre）的相关性,并给出逐步回归公式。结果 154患者的IOP-GAT_pre平均为（15.60±2.39）mmHg、IOP-NCT_pre的平均为（15.49±2.58）mmHg,两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.192）,而Bland-Altman分析IOP-GAT_pre与IOP-NCT_pre平均值差值为0.11 mmHg,其95%一致性界值为（-2.83,3.06）mmHg。术后IOP-GAT、IOP-NCT均较术前下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,IOP-NCT下降程度更大。手术前后GAT测量变化值（ΔIOP-GAT）与|SE_pre|、IOP-GAT_pre、CCT_pre、AD、AR呈正相关（P<0.05）,与年龄、R_pre无明显相关（P>0.05）。回归方程为：ΔIOP-GAT=0.635×IOP-GAT_pre+15.633×AR-8.554（R²=0.504,F=204.163,P<0.05）;NCT测量变化值（ΔIOP-NCT）与年龄、|SE_pre|、IOP-NCT_pre、CCT_pre、AD、AR呈正相关（P<0.05）,与R_pre无明显相关,回归方程：ΔIOP-NCT=0.603×IOP-NCT_pre+20.493×AR-5.994（R²=0.653,F=274.921,P<0.05）。结论 FS-LASIK手术前后IOP-GAT、IOP-NCT均不具有较好一致性,术后两者均明显下降,IOP-NCT下降程度更大,两者下降程度与多种因素相关,但均与术前眼压测量值的相关性最高。     

脑血流动力学参数联合动脉血气分析早期识别早产儿脑损伤的临床价值

目的 探讨脑血流动力学参数联合动脉血气分析早期识别早产儿脑损伤的临床价值。方法 选取2019年8月—2022年8月三亚中心医院确诊的96例脑损伤早产儿作为病例组，另外选取同期出生且未发生脑损伤的100例早产儿作为对照组。对比两组产后第1天的动脉血气指标、大脑中动脉血流参数，并根据病情程度将病例组分为轻度组、中重度组进行分层对比；分析上述指标与脑损伤患儿的改良Sarnat评分的相关性。结果 病例组pH、PaO₂、BE低于对照组，乳酸、PCO₂高于对照组（P <0.05）。病例组MCA的Vd、Vs、RI、S/D较对照组高（P <0.05）。轻度组pH、PaO₂、BE高于中重度组，轻度组乳酸、PCO₂低于中重度组（P <0.05）。轻度组MCA的Vd、Vs、RI、S/D低于中重度组（P <0.05）。脑损伤新生儿的Sarnat评分与pH、PaO₂、BE呈负相关（r =-0.671、-0.612和-0.495，均P <0.05），与乳酸、PCO₂呈正相关（r =0.486和0.433，均P <0.05）。Sarnat评分与MCA的Vd、Vs、RI、S/D测定值呈正相关（r =0.664、0.598、0.639和0.670，均P <0.05）。结论 脑损伤早产儿在出生30 min内检测脑动脉血流及动脉血气指标即可发现显著异常，并且与患儿脑损伤程度有关。     

超声引导下神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下股神经、坐骨神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用。方法 将64例接受下肢骨折手术的患者随机分为两组,对照组（n=32）采用单纯全身麻醉,联合组（n=32）采用全身麻醉联合B超引导股神经、坐骨神经阻滞。比较两组术中不同时刻血流动力学状态、麻醉药物用量、苏醒时间及苏醒后躁动发生情况。结果 T₂时刻,联合组和对照组HR、MAP均较T₁时刻明显下降（P<0.05）,T₃~T₅时刻,联合组HR、MAP均与T₁时刻比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而对照组均明显高于T₁时刻水平（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,联合组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量明显减少,苏醒时间、拔管时间明显缩短（P<0.05）。联合组苏醒后躁动的发生率、躁动程度均较对照组明显降低 （P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下神经阻滞联合全身麻醉行下肢骨折手术,可维持术中血流动力学稳定,减少镇痛药物用量,促进早期苏醒和拔管。     

结直肠癌患者血清ANGPTL2水平及其临床诊断价值研究

目的 检测结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）患者血清血管生成素样蛋白2（angiopoietin-like protein 2,ANGPTL2）水平,探讨ANGPTL2用于CRC诊断的临床价值。方法 回顾性纳入2011年2月～2015年4月在笔者医院肿瘤科就诊的初治CRC患者80例（CRC组）,同时纳入健康对照32例。所有患者就诊时记录一般情况,常规检测癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA）及糖类抗原（carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9）。收集患者血清检测ANGPTL2水平,分析其与临床指标的相关性,并使用ROC曲线分析诊断价值。结果 CRC组ANGPTL2水平显著高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（2.95±0.54log₁₀pg/ml vs 1.98±0.49log₁₀pg/ml,P=0.000）。临床分期为Ⅳ期的CRC患者ANGPTL2（3.13±0.46 log₁₀pg/ml）较Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者更高。CRC组ANGPTL2与CEA（R=0.684,P=0.000）、CA19-9（R=0.703,P=0.000）及临床分期（R=0.424,P=0.000）呈显著正相关。血清ANGPTL2用于CRC诊断的AUC为0.900（95% CI：0.843～0.957）,ANGPTL2联合CEA由于CRC诊断的AUC为0.913（95% CI：0.862～0.964）。结论 血清ANGPTL2在CRC患者中显著升高,作为无创诊断指标具有良好的诊断价值。     

甲状腺功能减退孕妇孕晚期脐血流S/D比值的变化

目的 探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退（以下简称甲减组）和妊娠合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退孕妇孕晚期脐动脉血流S/D比值（S/D值）的变化及其与甲状腺功能的相关性。方法 选择2014年1月~2015年12月住院的孕晚期孕妇,剔除可能影响脐血流的合并症后,将孕妇分为甲减组、亚甲减组和正常对照组,比较3组孕妇S/D比值的不同,分析S/D比值与血清TSH、FT₄、FT₃的相关性。结果 甲减组S/D值（2.46±0.31）与亚甲减组S/D值（2.48±0.27）均高于对照组（2.32±0.17）,P值均为0.000。亚甲减组与甲减组比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.907）。3组间不同脐动脉血流S/D值区间病例数构成比,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。甲减组孕妇S/D比值与血清TSH呈正相关（r=0.186,P=0.037）,与血清FT₄、FT₃无相关性（P > 0.05）,亚甲减组孕妇S/D比值与血清TSH呈正相关（r=0.146,P=0.015）,与血清FT₄、FT₃无相关性（P > 0.05）,对照组S/D比值与血清TSH、FT₄、FT₃均无相关性（P > 0.05）。结论 甲状腺功能减退状态有可能影响孕晚期脐动脉血流。     

声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌行双侧颈淋巴清扫术的预后分析

目的 探讨声门上型喉癌患者在行双侧颈淋巴结清扫术后的预后情况。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年2月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院耳鼻喉科行双侧颈清扫术及肿瘤完整切除的声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌（SLSCC）患者（n=81）临床资料，统计患者的生存情况及复发情况。结果 81例SLSCC患者的不同TNM分期、病理类型、发生颈部淋巴结转移情况比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；所有患者在术中均采取双侧颈淋巴结清扫术，其中cN₊组（n=38）患者5年生存率为52.63%，局部复发率为7.89%；cN₀组（n=43） pN₊和pN₀的5年生存率分别为52.94%和67.89%，局部复发率分别为6.67%和3.57%；术后并发乳糜漏1例。结论 SLSCC患者在保证完整切除瘤体的前提下进行双侧颈淋巴结清扫术可提高患者生存质量。     

PGE1及特利加压素对抗利尿性腹腔积液的影响

目的 探究前列腺素E₁联合特利加压素对肝硬化难治性腹腔积液患者肾功能、血流动力学、心率等相关指标的影响。方法 将50例肝硬化难治性腹腔积液分为两组,联合治疗组25例,应用前列腺素E₁联合特利加压素;对照组25例,只用前列腺素E₁。特利加压素1mg,每8h 1次,静脉注射。前列腺素E₁ 10μg,每天1次,静脉注射。比较两组患者尿量、腹围、血肌酐等指标变化。结果 治疗前两组患者体重、性别、白蛋白等基本信息比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者治疗后较治疗前BUN与SCr均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且治疗后,联合治疗组SCr明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.199;P=0.033）。两组患者治疗后较治疗前腹腔积液减少、尿量增多,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后与对照组相比,联合治疗组治疗后腹围与腹腔积液深度均明显减小,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.220,-2.155;P=0.031,0.036）,而尿量则明显增加,差异有统计学意义（t=3.404,P=0.001）。与治疗前相比,联合治疗组治疗后脾静脉与门静脉内径都明显减小,差异有统计学意义（t=7.817,5.583;P=0.000,0.000）。两组患者治疗前后平均动脉压与心率均无明显变化。结论 前列腺素E₁联合特利加压素在治疗肝硬化抗利尿性腹腔积液时疗效好于单用前列腺素E₁,且对血压、心率影响较小。     

成年男性2型糖尿病患者血清游离睾酮水平及其相关因素研究

目的：　探讨男性2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者血清游离睾酮（free testosterone,FT）水平及其相关影响因素。方法：　回顾性分析2018年2月至2019年2月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的18~70岁男性2型糖尿病患者303例,并以年龄1∶1匹配于本院体检的非糖尿病健康男性303例作为对照,比较2组间不同年龄段血清FT水平的差异。根据血清FT水平将T2DM组患者按四分位法分为Q1组、Q2组、Q3组和Q4组,采用Spearman秩相关分析FT水平的相关因素并采用logistic回归分析探讨男性T2DM患者低血清FT水平的影响因素。结果：　男性T2DM患者血清FT水平明显低于同年龄组的健康男性对照,且随年龄增长而降低;Spearman秩相关分析显示,FT与年龄（r=-0.402,P<0.001）、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）（r=0.215,P=0.001）、糖尿病病程（r=-0.121,P=0.035）呈负相关,与总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）（r=0.115,P=0.049）、25-羟维生素D₃[25-hydroxyl vitamin D₃,25-（OH）D₃]（r=0.340,P<0.001）、促甲状腺激素（thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH）（r=0.231,P=0.025）呈正相关;多元logistic回归分析显示,在校正年龄、城乡分布、糖尿病病程、吸烟史、饮酒史后,高BMI（OR=1.101,95%CI=1.023~1.183,P=0.009）、高糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c）（OR=1.175,95%CI=1.060~1.302,P=0.002）、低25-（OH）D₃（OR=0.937,95%CI=0.900~0.975,P=0.001）及低TSH（OR=0.838,95%CI=0.710~0.989,P=0.037）是低FT水平的影响因素。结论：　成年男性T2DM患者血清FT水平低于同年龄组健康男性,低FT水平与高BMI、高HbA1c、低25-（OH）D₃及低TSH密切相关。     

基础窦卵泡数预测IVF患者临床妊娠结局的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析探讨基础窦卵泡数预测IVF妊娠结局的临床应价值。方法 收集国内外有关基础窦卵泡数与IVF-ET临床妊娠结局的相关研究,符合纳入与排除标准的相关文献共11篇,采用RevMan 5.2软件对纳入的文献进行Meta分析。结果 通过对纳入的11项研究进行Meta分析显示,基础窦卵泡数越多,获卵数、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率、种植率越高,差异有统计学意义。获卵数（SMD_合并=-0.87,95% CI：-1.22~-0.52;Z=4.84,P=0.000）,临床妊娠率（OR_合并=0.62,95% CI：0.54~0.72,Z=6.19,P=0.000）继续妊娠率（OR_合并=0.21,95% CI：0.08~0.59,Z=3.00,P=0.003）;种植率（OR_合并=0.59,95% CI：0.49~0.72,Z=5.31,P=0.000）,结果表明,基础窦卵泡数越多,获卵数和临床妊娠率就越高。结论 基础窦卵泡数可能是体外受精前量化卵巢储备功能的有利检测指标,并直接影响临床妊娠结局。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.