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活性氧与内质网应激 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)是细胞加工蛋白质和贮存Ca2+的主要场所,对应激极为敏感,其功能紊乱时出现错误折叠与未折叠蛋白在腔内聚集以及Ca2+平衡紊乱的状态,称为内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)。活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)作为第二信使,在细胞生物学功能的调节中起着重要作用。细胞内氧化还原状态的改变促进了ROS的产生和凋亡诱导因子的激活,致使细胞凋亡的同时又加剧了细胞内氧化还原状态的改变。研究发现细胞内氧化还原水平的改变在ERS介导的细胞凋亡过程中承担重要的角色,推测ROS可能是ERS介导的凋亡通路的上游信号分子,该文就ROS与ERS之间的关系作一综述。 相似文献
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在缺氧、钙代谢紊乱、氧化应激等条件下,细胞内质网功能受到干扰,未折叠或错误折叠蛋白积聚,将产生内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)效应。早期ERS可促使肿瘤细胞存活,但长时间或严重的ERS可诱导肿瘤细胞产生凋亡等效应,这使得基于ERS的抗肿瘤药物研发成为可能。该文主要介绍当前基于ERS的抗肿瘤药物研发概况,总结具有诱导ERS效应的天然产物,并在此基础上对基于ERS的抗肿瘤药物研发进行分析,以期为相关领域的发展提供参考。 相似文献
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摘要:目的 探索小鼠卵巢内质网应激对卵泡发育的影响。方法 对照组小鼠4只,实验组小鼠6只,应用经典
内质网应激诱导物衣霉素经腹腔注射诱导小鼠卵巢内质网应激激活,实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT
qPCR)检测未折叠蛋白质应答(UPR)标志分子HSPA5、CHOP、ATF4 mRNA表达情况,明确小鼠卵巢内质网应激激活
状态,苏木精伊红染色(HE染色)检测小鼠卵巢卵泡发育状态,明确内质网应激对小鼠卵巢卵泡发育的影响。结果
衣霉素的处理明显上调了小鼠卵巢内质网应激标志分子的表达,与对照组相比,衣霉素处理组小鼠卵巢卵泡发育明
显受限。结论 内质网应激的激活明显抑制了小鼠卵巢卵泡的发育 相似文献
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毒胡萝卜素诱导大鼠皮层神经元内质网应激及丹红注射液的干预作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:探讨毒胡萝卜紊诱导大鼠皮层神经元内质网应激凋亡的机制及丹红注射液的干预作用。方法:体外培养SD乳鼠皮层神经元,免疫组织化学、免疫荧光染色鉴定神经元纯度。流式细胞术Annexin V、PI双标检测凋亡率及活性caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-7、caspase-9表达,Western Noting免疫印迹分析caspase-12、GRP78、Bcl-2、细胞色素C蛋白表达,Fura-2/AM法荧光分光光度计检测细胞内钙浓度([Ca^2+]i)。结果:SD乳鼠皮层神经元可纯化体外培养。2μmol/L毒胡萝卜素作用神经元24、48h细胞凋亡率分别是17.88%、21.38%,丹红治疗组分别是6.30%、6.11%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。毒胡萝卜素诱导神经元GRP78表达上调,剪切活化caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9、caspase-12,使细胞色素C表达增加,Bcl-2表达减少。丹红注射液促进细胞Bcl-2表达,抑制细胞色素C释放,减少活化的caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9含量,稳定游离钙浓度。结论:毒胡萝卜素诱导神经元内质网应激反应性凋亡。丹红注射液能抑制体外培养神经元内质网应激所致凋亡。 相似文献
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Weiming Lin Li Gu Ling-Yan Zhu Sha Zhou Danhong Lian Yongquan Xu Limin Zheng Xin Liu Lian Li 《Pharmaceutical biology》2021,59(1):702
ContextGanoderma sinensis Zhao, Xu et Zhang (Ganodermataceae) has been used for the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer.ObjectiveWe investigated the antitumor activity and mechanism of an extract from G. sinensis against hepatocellular carcinoma.Materials and methodsA G. sinensis extract (GSE) was obtained from sporoderm-broken G. sinensis spores by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. Hepatoma cells, HepG2 cells, were treated with emulsified sample of GSE at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150 μg/mL for 24 h. The Alamar Blue assay was used to examine growth inhibitory effects. Changes in cell structure and morphology were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsGSE suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells (IC50=70.14 μg/mL). Extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation originating from dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was shown in GSE-treated HepG2 cells. GSE treatment also upregulated the expression of ER stress-related proteins in HepG2 cells. Cells tended to be arrested at the G2/M cell cycle stage after GSE treatment (30.8 ± 1.4% and 42.2 ± 2.6% at GSE with 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL vs. 21.03 ± 1.10%, control). Pre-treatment with salubrinal, an inhibitor of ER stress, effectively attenuated cell cycle arrest induced by GSE.Discussion and conclusionsOur findings provide new evidence that GSE suppresses growth of cancer cells in vitro through activating the ER stress pathway. The GSE may be clinically applied in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. 相似文献
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Endoplasmic reticulum is a principal organelle responsible for folding, post-translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal and membrane proteins, thus palys an important rale in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a condition that is accelerated by accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins after endoplasmic reticulum environment disturbance, triggered by a variety of physiological and pathological factors, such as nutrient deprivation, altered glycosylation, calcium depletion, oxidative stress, DNA damage and energy disturbance, etc. ERS may initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Numerous studies have clarified the link between ERS and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on ERS-associated molecular mechanisms that participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes of heart and blood vessels. In addition, a number of drugs that regulate ERS was introduced, which may be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This review may open new avenues for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and discovering novel drugs targeting ERS. 相似文献
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目的 研究五味子乙素对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 用细胞计数试剂(CCK-8)检测不同浓度五味子乙素对MDA-MB-231细胞存活率的影响;五味子乙素(10、20、40 μmol/L)作用 MDA-MB-231 细胞 24 h,分别用Annexin V-FITC/PI检测细胞凋亡情况;用DCFA-DA荧光探针检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平;用Western blot法检测细胞凋亡及内质网应激相关蛋白(Bcl-2、Bax、CHOP、GPR78、PERK、p-PERK、p-eIF2α、eIF2)的表达。结果 与空白组比较,随着五味子乙素浓度增大,细胞存活率明显降低,其IC50为19.16 μmol/L;与对照组比较,五味子乙素(10、20、40 μmol/L)均能抑制细胞克隆形成(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖;五味子乙素(10、20、40 μmol/L)均可诱导细胞凋亡(P<0.05),使抗凋亡蛋白BCL-2的表达显著降低,促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达显著升高(P<0.05);五味子乙素(10、20、40 μmol/L)显著升高细胞内ROS水平(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖;五味子乙素(10、20、40 μmol/L)能够激发内质网应激,使内质网应激相关蛋白CHOP、GPR78、p-eIF2α表达增多(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖。结论 五味子乙素可能通过ROS介导内质网应激诱导MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡。 相似文献
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Jiamao Chen Ting Yang Jimin Long Yanhuai Ding Juan Li Xianqiang Li Yi Cao 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2019,39(5):798-806
We recently synthesized ZnO nanomaterials (denoted as ZnO nanorods [NRs] and Mini‐NRs) and suggested that their cytotoxicity could be related with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptosis. However, in a complex biological microenvironment, the ER stress‐apoptosis pathway could also be modulated by biological molecules, such as free fatty acids, leading to unpredicted biological effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxicity of ZnO NRs/Mini‐NRs and palmitate (PA) to THP‐1 macrophages. PA influenced the zeta potential and solubility of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs in water, which indicated a change of colloidal stability. Exposure to ZnO NRs and Mini‐NRs dose‐dependent decreased cellular viability and release of soluble monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (sMCP‐1), and these effects were significantly promoted with the presence of PA. However, ZnO NR‐ and Mini‐NR‐induced intracellular Zn ions or reactive oxygen species were not significantly affected by PA. ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs significantly promoted the expression of ER stress genes HSPA5, DDIT3, XBP‐1s and apoptotic gene CASP3, whereas PA also modestly promoted the expression of HSPA5, DDIT3 and CASP3. Interestingly, the ER stress inducer thapsigargin showed a similar effect as PA to promote the cytotoxicity of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs. It is suggested that PA might promote the cytotoxicity of ZnO NRs and ZnO Mini‐NRs possibly by promoting ER stress. 相似文献
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Fang Liu Cancan Duan Jianyong Zhang Xiaofei Li 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2020,40(12):1622-1635
Cantharidin (CTD), an important active compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris (also called Banmao), has been used in the treatment of diseases such as tumors and dermatosis. However, Mylabris has been shown to induce hepatotoxicity in clinical practice and animal experiments, limiting its use. Further, a detailed mechanism underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity has not been determined. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy, and apoptosis on CTD-induced hepatotoxicity. We found that CTD could inhibit the proliferation of LO2 cells; increase alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde levels; and reduce glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Western blotting showed that low concentrations of CTD induced the expressions of ERS-related proteins [GRP78, ATF4, PERK, p-PERK, XBP1–1 s, and CHOP], but high concentrations of CTD inhibited their expressions. Furthermore, high concentrations of CTD activated autophagy (LC3, Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg4A, Atg4B, and Atg7), induced the expressions of apoptotic proteins (Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3), and increased LO2 toxicity. Taken together, these results indicated that CTD can induce LO2 cytotoxicity by inhibiting ERS and inducing autophagy and apoptosis, which provides a scientific basis for CTD-induced hepatotoxicity. 相似文献
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Fujinami Y Mutai H Mizutari K Nakagawa S Matsunaga T 《Journal of pharmacological sciences》2012,118(3):363-372
Many stimuli such as ischemia, hypoxia, heat shock, amino acid starvation, and gene mutation, exhibit a cellular response called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress induces expression of a series of genes, leading to cell survival or apoptosis. Previously, we found that in an animal model of hearing loss caused by acute mitochondrial dysfunction, several ER stress markers including C/EBP homologous protein were induced in the cochlear lateral wall. To elucidate the mechanism of hearing loss caused by ER stress, we established a novel animal model of hearing loss by perilymphatic perfusion of tunicamycin, an ER stress activator that inhibits N-acetylglucosamine transferases. Subacute and progressive hearing loss was observed at all sound frequencies studied, and stimulation of ER stress marker genes was noted in the cochlea. The outer hair cells were the most sensitive to ER stress in the cochlea. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated degeneration of the subcellular organelles of the inner hair cells and nerve endings of the spiral ganglion cells. This newly established animal model of hearing loss from ER stress will provide additional insight into the mechanism of sensorineural hearing loss. 相似文献
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Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce hepatocyte apoptosis via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in rats
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Nickel oxide nanoparticles (nano NiO) could induce hepatocyte apoptosis, while its potential mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by nano NiO. Male Wistar rats were administrated with nano NiO (0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg b.w.) and micro NiO (0.24 mg/kg b.w.) by intratracheal instillation twice a week for 6 weeks. We measured the hepatocyte apoptosis levels by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining, ER stress related gene and protein expression levels in rat liver. The results showed that the TUNEL positive cells increased after exposure nano NiO, hinting hepatocyte apoptosis. The up‐regulated gene and protein levels of 78 kD glucose regulated protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein suggested that nano NiO triggered ER stress. Nano NiO exposure contributed to the increased protein contents of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE‐1)α, p‐IRE‐1α, X box protein‐1S, pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), p‐PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 alpha (eIF‐2α), p‐eIF‐2α, caspase‐12, ?9, and ?3, implicating that nano NiO can activate the pathways of ER stress‐mediated apoptosis. These findings indicate that the ER stress pathways may play an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by nano NiO. 相似文献
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辛伐他汀通过内质网应激途径诱导K562细胞凋亡 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨内质网应激在辛伐他汀诱导K562细胞凋亡中的作用。采用荧光显微镜观察凋亡细胞的形态变化,AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内Ca2+浓度,RT-PCR检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78,GRP78)、钙蛋白酶(calpain)基因mRNA表达水平,Western blotting检测GRP78、 calpain、 caspase-3, -6, -7, -9, -12蛋白水平。结果显示,10、 20、 30 μmol·L-1辛伐他汀(simvastatin,Sim)作用K562细胞72 h后,细胞出现典型的凋亡形态,凋亡率分别为12.41%、 19.08%和23.41%;细胞内Ca2+浓度增加,荧光强度分别为43、54和64;GRP78、calpain基因mRNA表达上调;calpain、 caspase-3, -6, -7, -9, -12蛋白剪切活化、GRP78蛋白表达增强。以上结果表明,内质网作为细胞凋亡的重要途径参与了辛伐他汀诱导K562细胞的凋亡。辛伐他汀将可能被用于临床治疗白血病。 相似文献