成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面失平衡的动态评估

目的 评估成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间步行前后整体和局部的矢状面影像学参数。方法 回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年6月于海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长征医院就诊的98例成人脊柱侧凸患者,根据行走前矢状面参数将患者分为两组：代偿组（行走前矢状面平衡,矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）和失代偿组（行走前矢状面失平衡,矢状面躯干偏移≥ 40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）。步行15 min前后拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面参数,包括矢状面躯干偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角。比较两组步行15 min前后脊柱矢状面参数,并对每组步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值与其余矢状面参数变化值进行相关性分析。结果 代偿组19例,其中女16例、男3例,平均年龄为（64.1±5.9）岁,BMI为（24.2±4.6）kg/m²;失代偿组79例,其中女67例、男12例,平均年龄为（66.7±7.2）岁,BMI为（24.9±5.1）kg/m²,两组患者性别构成比、年龄、BMI差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行前,代偿组患者腰椎前凸角大于失代偿组（Z=2.784,P=0.003）,骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角和矢状面躯干偏移均小于失代偿组（Z=1.953,P=0.028;Z=3.815,P<0.01）;两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、胸椎后凸角差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行15 min后,两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。与步行前比较,代偿组和失代偿组患者步行15 min后骶骨倾斜角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移均增大（代偿组Z=1.718、P=0.043,Z=2.198、P=0.015,Z=3.875、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.842、P=0.031,Z=1.943、P=0.021,Z=2.917、P=0.002）,骨盆倾斜角和腰椎前凸角均减小（代偿组Z=1.639、P=0.047,Z=3.624、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.812、P=0.039,Z=3.893、P<0.01）;失代偿组患者步行15 min后胸椎后凸角也较步行前增大（Z=2.287,P=0.012）。代偿组、失代偿组患者步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值均与骨盆倾斜角变化值呈负相关（r_s=-0.519、-0.625,P=0.024、0.001）,与骶骨倾斜角变化值、腰椎前凸角变化值、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角变化值均呈正相关（代偿组r_s=0.519、0.645、0.645,P均<0.05;失代偿组r_s=0.625、0.407、0.407,P均<0.01）。结论 成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面平衡的代偿机制逐渐减弱或消失,骨盆及脊柱伸肌肌群的疲劳可能是代偿机制消失的原因。对于初次就诊时矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm、骨盆倾斜角>20°的患者,建议在行走15 min后再次拍摄X线片重新评估是否存在潜在的矢状面失平衡。     

退变性腰椎滑脱的脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数特征分析

目的 探讨退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数特征及这些参数与腰椎滑脱的关系。方法 选择2016年6月至2018年6月我院收治的42例退变性腰椎滑脱患者（退变性腰椎滑脱组）和58例无滑脱的退变性腰椎疾病患者（对照组）作为研究对象。收集两组研究对象的一般资料,在脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆投射角（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、胸腰椎后凸角（TLK）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、矢状面躯干偏移（SVA）等矢状位参数,比较两组研究对象一般资料和矢状位参数的差异。以腰椎滑脱率为因变量,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数为自变量,采用logistic回归模型分析腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素。结果 两组研究对象年龄、性别、身高、体质量差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。退变性腰椎滑脱组和对照组患者PT、PI、SS、LL、TLK、SVA差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,而两组间TK差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对退变性腰椎滑脱组进行logistic回归分析,发现LL、PT是影响腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 退变性腰椎滑脱患者矢状位参数PT、PI、SS、LL、TLK、SVA明显改变,LL、PT是影响腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素。     

Surgimap软件测量青少年特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角的可行性研究

目的 探讨使用Surgimap软件测量青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）Cobb角的可行性与可重复性。方法 4名医师（1名副主任医师、3名住院医师）分别使用Surgimap软件和传统测量法对67例AIS患者术前标准站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片的冠状位主弯Cobb角及矢状位胸椎后凸角（TK）、胸腰后凸角（TLK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）进行测量,记录并比较两种方法的测量时间。对4名医师使用Surgimap软件测量的结果进行一致性检验（可信度分析）,对3名住院医师两次测量结果进行观察者内一致性检验（可重复性分析）。结果 使用Surgimap软件和传统测量法测量的主弯Cobb角分别为49.4°±8.2°和41.4°±15.6°,两种方法测量结果的绝对平均差值为8.29°±4.36°;测量时间分别为（5.2±0.7）min、（8.8±1.5）min,测量时间差为（3.6±0.9）min,差异有统计学意义（t=2.57,P<0.01）。可信度分析显示,4名医师使用Surgimap软件测量冠状位主弯Cobb角和矢状位TK、TLK、LL均有极佳或好的一致性（组内相关系数分别为0.972、0.924、0.875、0.962）。可重复性分析显示,3名住院医师前后2次使用Surgimap软件测量冠状位主弯Cobb角和矢状位TK、TLK、LL均有极佳或好的一致性（组内相关系数为0.875～0.984）。结论 Surgimap软件测量Cobb角优于传统测量法,具有效率高、学习曲线短、数据可统一导出等优势。     

脊柱骨盆矢状面参数随年龄的变化

目的 研究中国东部地区不同年龄阶段脊柱骨盆矢状面参数的差异及随年龄如何变化。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年8月于我院健康体检中心留存的311名无症状健康志愿者的资料,由2名外科医师收集人口统计学数据及脊柱骨盆矢状面影像学参数,包括年龄、性别、最大胸椎后凸角、最大腰椎前凸角、最大腰椎前凸角-最大胸椎后凸角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角与骶骨倾斜角比值、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移、T₁矢状面角度、T₁骨盆角度及T₁脊柱骨盆倾斜角。采用Pearson相关分析研究年龄与矢状面参数的关系,建立多元线性回归方程分析年龄与最大胸椎后凸角的关系。根据年龄将研究对象分为7组：<20岁、≥ 20且<30岁、≥ 30且<40岁、≥ 40且<50岁、≥ 50且<60岁、≥ 60且<70岁和≥ 70岁,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较各年龄段脊柱骨盆矢状面参数的差异。结果 311名健康志愿者的最大胸椎后凸角（r=0.280,P<0.01）、最大腰椎前凸角-最大胸椎后凸角（r=-0.320,P<0.01）、骶骨倾斜角（r=-0.216,P<0.01）、骨盆倾斜角（r=0.237,P<0.01）、骨盆倾斜角与骶骨倾斜角比值（r=0.282,P<0.01）、矢状面躯干偏移（r=0.279,P<0.01）、T₁矢状面角度（r=0.247,P<0.01）及T₁骨盆角度（r=0.259,P<0.01）均与年龄相关,而最大腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角及T₁脊柱骨盆倾斜角均与年龄无明显相关性（P均>0.05）。建立多元线性回归方程：最大胸椎后凸角=0.175×年龄+28.233,年龄每增长10岁最大胸椎后凸角增加1.75°。<20岁、≥ 20且<30岁、≥ 30且<40岁、≥ 40且<50岁、≥ 50且<60岁、≥ 60且<70岁和≥ 70岁组人数分别为8、56、51、59、56、56、25名,最大胸椎后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角与骶骨倾斜角比值、矢状面躯干偏移、T₁矢状面角度及T₁骨盆角度均随年龄增长而增大（P均<0.01）,最大腰椎前凸角-最大胸椎后凸角、骶骨倾斜角则随年龄增长而减小（P<0.01、P<0.05）。结论 在中国东部地区无症状健康志愿者中,最大胸椎后凸角随年龄增长而增大（年龄每增长10岁最大胸椎后凸角增大1.75°）。     

成人脊柱侧凸矫形术后近端交界性后凸的影响因素分析

目的 测量成人脊柱侧凸患者脊柱矢状位参数和骨盆参数,探讨矫形术后发生近端交界性后凸（PJK）的主要因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年9月于我院接受手术治疗的45例成人脊柱侧凸患者的病例资料。根据近端交界角（PJA）是否>20°将患者分为PJK组和非PJK组。在脊柱正侧位X线片上测量两组患者术前、术后1周和末次随访时的胸椎后凸角（TK）、胸腰椎后凸角（TLK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、矢状面躯干偏移（SVA）、骨盆投射角（PI）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）和骶骨倾斜角（SS）。采用logistic多元回归分析探讨成人脊柱侧凸矫形术后发生PJK的主要影响因素。结果 PJK组19例、非PJK组26例。两组患者在性别、年龄、随访时间、上端固定椎位置、下端固定椎位置方面差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。PJK组患者末次随访时LL、末次随访时SVA、术前PT、末次随访时PT均大于非PJK组,术前SS、末次随访时SS均小于非PJK组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,其他参数在两组间差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析显示,术前TK、末次随访时TK、末次随访时LL、末次随访时PT、术前SS是成人脊柱侧凸矫形术后发生PJK的主要影响因素（P均<0.05）。结论 术前TK、末次随访时TK、末次随访时LL、末次随访时PT、术前SS是成人脊柱侧凸患者矫形术后发生PJK的主要影响因素。     

儿童股骨头坏死对颈干角影响的X线观察

目的 探讨儿童股骨头坏死后对颈干角发育的影响。方法 在52例单侧股骨头坏死的儿童骨盆X线平片上,进行颈干角的测量（包括患侧和健侧）,并按照年龄及病情进行分组比较。结果 52例股骨头坏死均为单侧发病,其中右侧20例,左侧32例,按照Catterall标准：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型分别有7例和16例（A组）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分别有21例和8例（B组）。颈干角患侧148.9°±13.3°,健侧156.1°±10.2°,健患两侧比较差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;A组颈干角患侧较健侧小6.2°±2.3°,B组颈干角变小9.8°±3.7°,A、B组间比较差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。发病年龄<9岁患儿组颈干角患侧较健侧小7.3°±3.1°,≥9岁患儿组颈干角小9.2°±4.3°,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 儿童股骨头坏死会影响股骨颈的发育和塑形,使颈干角变小,且病情越严重,后遗影响可能越大。     

锁定钢板与髓内钉治疗肱骨近端Neer Ⅲ、Ⅳ部分骨折的临床对比研究

目的 对比锁定钢板与髓内钉治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的效果。方法 回顾分析2008年3月～2014年3月采用锁定钢板或髓内钉治疗,并获得半年以上回访的Neer分型3部分和4部分肱骨近端骨折患者,对比两组患者的手术用时、切口长度、颈干角、疼痛评分、Constant功能评分、上臂前举角度、并发症等指标。结果 无论Neer分型3部分或4部分骨折,髓内钉组在手术用时、术中出血量、切口长度上,均明显优于锁定钢板组（P<0.01）,两组患者在术后疼痛评分、颈干角、骨折愈合时间方面差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;Neer分型3部分骨折患者,锁定钢板组与髓内钉组Constant评分（87.4±10.4,85.2±13.5）及前举角度（152.7°±25.3°,148.9°±21.70°）差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）;而对于4部分骨折患者,髓内钉组的Constant评分（74.6±11.4）及前举角度（127.0°±22.4°）,显著低于锁定钢板组（82.1±7.5,141.7°±12.7°）。结论 两种方法治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折均可获得较好效果,髓内钉创伤小,手术时间短,锁定钢板术后肩关节功能恢复较好。     

优化选择性动脉灌注策略在Stanford A型主动脉夹层全弓置换术中的应用

目的 探讨优化选择性动脉灌注策略在Stanford A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓置换术中的疗效。方法 2016年9月至2017年10月,我院31例接受全主动脉弓置换孙氏手术的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者应用优化选择性动脉灌注策略（O-CPB组）,其中男25例、女6例,平均年龄（50.87±9.08）岁;以2015年1月至2017年10月我院60例应用传统体外循环灌注方式完成全主动脉弓置换孙氏手术的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者为对照组（T-CPB组）,其中男52例、女8例,平均年龄（48.38±12.46）岁。比较两组围手术期血生化指标和临床数据,并用多因素logistic回归方法分析术后30 d患者死亡的危险因素。结果 与T-CPB组比较,O-CPB组患者的手术体外循环时间短、停循环时间短、手术耗时少[（206.90±39.92） min vs（276.37±29.92） min、（5.03±1.54） min vs（21.73±6.67） min、（396.68±58.57） min vs（469.28±69.77） min,P均<0.01]。O-CPB组患者血制品消耗量少于T-CPB组、重症监护病房（ICU）滞留时间短于T-CPB组[（1 401±738） mL vs（1 705±580） mL、（5.94±2.45） d vs（7.42±3.53） d,P均<0.05]。O-CPB组患者的术后血乳酸浓度和C-反应蛋白浓度均低于T-CPB组[（6.10±3.80） mmol/L vs（8.11±4.51） mmol/L、（72.13±22.86） mg/L vs（84.78±17.07） mg/L;P<0.05,P<0.01]。O-CPB组患者术后清醒时间早于T-CPB组[（3.32±1.11） h vs（4.14±1.59） h,P<0.05）]。O-CPB组和T-CPB组患者的术后24 h内Richmond镇静程度评分绝对值分别为1.23±1.06和2.15±1.30,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。O-CPB组患者的术后氧合指数高于T-CPB组[（234.42±79.51） mmHg vs（183.10±77.26） mmHg,P<0.01;1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],有创通气时间短于T-CPB组[（50.19±37.63） h vs（70.12±40.84） h,P<0.05）。O-CPB组和T-CPB组患者的术后30 d内病死率分别为6.45%（2/31）和11.67%（7/60）,两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,停循环时间≥ 31 min和血制品消耗量≥ 1 390 mL是Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者全主动脉弓置换术后30 d内死亡的独立危险因素,OR（95% CI）分别为1.517（1.153~1.995）和1.006（1.002~1.010）。结论 优化选择性动脉灌注策略采用双侧顺行选择性脑灌注和中低温下半身优化灌注方法,与传统体外循环灌注方式相比可缩短停循环时间、减少临床用血,且对Stanford A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓置换患者围手术期脑、肺保护效果较好。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血糖波动的特征

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）患者全天血糖波动的特征。方法 根据多导睡眠图检测结果选取48例符合OSAHS诊断的受试对象作为OSAHS组,同时选取30例健康者作为对照组（N组）。动态监测两组受试者72 h血糖的变化,同时测定胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）。结果 OSAHS组全天血糖平均值比对照组（5.98±1.21mmol/L vs 5.21±0.91mmol/L,P<0.05）升高;OSAHS组平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、夜间血糖波动幅度（NMAGE）及IRI较对照组（4.25±0.6 mmol/L vs 2.12±0.51mmol/L,1.93±0.04 vs 1.12±0.34和3.7±0.5 vs 2.4±0.2,P均<0.05）明显升高;OSAHS组：MAGE与呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及IRI呈正相关（r=0.357、0.361,P均<0.05）,AHI与IRI呈正相关（r=0.360,P<0.05）。结论 OSAHS患者全天血糖波动异常,存在严重的胰岛素抵抗。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿肠套叠疗效分析

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿肠套叠的可行性及临床疗效。方法 收集2017年12月至2019年6月经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿肠套叠38例的临床资料。手术方式经脐部切口放置Trocar建立气腹,置入单孔带操作通道0°腹腔镜,探查肠套叠,无损伤钳操作使之完全复位。肠套叠复位后,如果发现肠管畸形,可扩大脐部切口,将病变肠管提至腹腔外切除。同时收集同期行传统多孔腹腔镜肠套叠手术的24例患儿的临床资料,比较两组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及切口美观满意度评分。结果 两组患儿均顺利完成手术,与多孔腹腔镜组相比,单孔腔镜组手术时间缩短[（32.4±8.6）min vs.（40.6±9.8）min,P<0.05],出血量减少[（5.5±1.5）mL vs.（8.6±2.2）mL,P<0.05],术后住院时间明显缩短[（4.6±1.2）d vs.（6.2±1.4）d,P<0.05],切口美观满意度评分明显升高[（4.2±0.8）分vs.（3.2±0.7）分,P<0.05]。随访6个月~2年未见肠套叠复发。结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿肠套叠是一种安全、有效的手术方法,创伤小,恢复快,手术时间短,并且能达到更好的美观效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.