不同置钉密度选择性置钉法对LenkeⅠ型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形效果的影响

目的 评估Lenke Ⅰ型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者应用选择性置钉法进行后路三维矫形术的疗效,并比较不同置钉密度对术后矫形参数的影响。方法 回顾性纳入2013年1月至2017年1月在海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长海医院骨科脊柱外科行脊柱侧凸后路矫形+选择性融合内固定术的Lenke Ⅰ型AIS患者。参考文献定义置钉密度为置钉数量/（融合节段×2）,按置钉密度将患者分为高密度组（置钉密度>0.7）和低密度组（置钉密度≤ 0.7）,比较两组患者的一般资料和术后2周手术矫正率、术后2年手术矫正率、2年矫正率丢失及矫正比率。结果 纳入Lenke Ⅰ型AIS患者36例,男11例、女25例,平均年龄为（13.97±1.89）岁。高密度组23例、低密度组13例,置钉密度分别为0.80±0.04、0.64±0.06,差异有统计学意义（t=10.799,P<0.01）。两组患者性别构成比、年龄、使用椎弓根螺钉的品牌、术前冠状位主弯Cobb角、术前侧屈位Cobb角、术前侧凸柔韧度差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。与高密度组比较,低密度组患者术后2周冠状位主弯Cobb角、手术矫正率及术后2年冠状位主弯Cobb角、矫正率丢失均无明显劣势（P均>0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,术后2周手术矫正率、矫正比率及术后2年矫正率丢失与置钉密度均无明显相关性（r=0.149、0.348、0.217,P=0.387、0.874、0.177）。结论 对于柔韧性较好的Lenke Ⅰ型AIS患者,使用选择性置钉进行矫形时适当减少置钉数目可能不会对术后近期和中期疗效造成不利影响。     

手柄式脊柱内固定导引器的研制及初步应用

目的：设计一种简单便携的脊柱手术实时监测工具并初步评价其应用效果,减少战地脊柱脊髓损伤救治的医源性损伤。方法：自行设计并制备手柄式脊柱内固定导引器。离体脊柱标本随机分为对照组（n=10）和实验组（n=10）,对照组采用常规方法进行椎弓根开道,实验组采用自行设计的手柄式脊柱内固定导引器进行椎弓根开道。记录两组各标本的操作时间,术后将标本沿椎弓根平面水平剖开,比较两组标本的开道位置及进针深度。结果：对照组和实验组处理单个椎体时间分别为（0．5±0．2）min、（0．6±0．1）min,两组无统计学差异;对照组穿刺道边缘距离椎弓根壁平均距离（mm）明显短于实验组（1．1±0．3vs1．8±0．2,P=0．037）。结论：手柄式脊柱内固定导引器携带方便,操作简单,体外初步应用效果尚可,能够为早期手术提供可靠参考。     

可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中的应用效果

目的 研究可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中的应用价值。方法 2013年9月至2014年9月连续选择58例口腔骨缺损大于1 mm患者,随机分为对照组26例和试验组32例,其中对照组应用羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,试验组应用可注射型生物玻璃,对比愈合情况。结果 术后6个月和12个月X线检查,试验组骨愈合情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（6个月：53.1% vs 26.9%,χ²=4.060,P=0.044;12个月：78.1% vs 46.2%,χ²=6.348,P=0.012）;局部排斥反应发生率差异无统计学意义（6.3% vs 11.5%,χ²=0.059,P=0.808）。术后6个月和个12月锥形束CT（CBCT）检查,试验组平均骨厚度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义[6个月：（2.9±0.2）mm vs（3.4±0.3）mm,t=4.724,P=0.036;12个月：（1.6±0.2）mm vs（2.3±0.2）mm,t=5.123,P=0.027]。试验组的血清骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义[BMP-2：（65.3±14.5）pg/mL vs（32.8±9.6）pg/mL,t=5.623,P=0.023;TGF-β：（102.3±35.7）μg/L vs（72.6±26.8）μg/L,t=6.237,P=0.014]。结论 可注射型生物玻璃在口腔骨缺损填充修复中效果优于羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷,有较大的应用价值。     

子痫前期患者血清FN及sFlt-1的水平及临床意义研究

目的 探讨子痫前期（preeclampsia,PE）患者血清纤维连接蛋白（fibronectin,FN）及可溶性Fms样酪氨酸激酶-1（soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1,sFlt-1）水平变化及其临床意义。方法 回顾性纳入笔者医院2009年6月～2014年12月就诊的PE患者107例,分为轻度PE组（n=60）及重度PE组（n=47）,纳入健康孕妇（n=40）作为对照。采集病史资料及实验室指标,检测血清FN及sFlt-1。分析FN及sFlt-1与临床指标的相关性,以及不良妊娠结局的影响因素。结果 重度PE组FN及sFlt-1水平分别为1225.63±203.89ng/L、863.44±194.90ng/L,显著高于轻度PE组（655.85±200.22ng/L、604.72±132.55ng/L）及健康对照组（110.97±44.98ng/L、252.68±83.03ng/L）。轻度及重度PE组FN与sFlt-1呈显著正相关（r=0.561,P=0.001;r=0.571,P=0.000）。FN（或sFlt-1）与平均动脉压、24h尿蛋白、Cr、纤维蛋白原、脐动脉S/D值及RI值呈显著正相关（P均<0.01）,与PT、新生儿体重、胎盘重量呈显著负相关（P均<0.05）。高FN或sFlt-1水平的PE患者妊娠不良结局发生率更高。结论 PE及sFlt-1水平升高反映PE患者疾病严重程度加重,且与妊娠不良结局相关。     

子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剥除术中止血药物效果分析

目的 探讨垂体后叶素与缩宫素在腹腔镜下肌壁间子宫肌瘤剥除术的临床效果。方法 选取2015年10月~2016年12月行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剥除术的患者60例,分成两组各30例。治疗组注射6IU垂体后叶素+10ml生理盐水,对照组注射20U缩宫素+10ml生理盐水,按照两组的用药情况,观察比较血压变化和其他情况。结果 治疗组与对照组比较,手术时间明显减少（98.13±5.07min vs 110.83±8.03min,t=-7.324,P=0.000）,术中出血量明显减少（67.50±10.24ml vs 97.83±16.10ml,t=-8.705,P=0.000）,血红蛋白术前术后变化（9.67±2.09g/L vs 11.53±2.21g/L,t=-3.362,P=0.001）。术中用药后15min,治疗组收缩压上升,显著高于对照组（150.77±5.57mmHg vs 142.03±5.21mmHg,t=6.273,P=0.000）。结论 腹腔镜下肌壁间子宫肌瘤剥除术应用垂体后叶素止血效果明显优于缩宫素,但会引起短暂性血压升高,临床使用应结合患者病情个性化选择。     

成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面失平衡的动态评估

目的 评估成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间步行前后整体和局部的矢状面影像学参数。方法 回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年6月于海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长征医院就诊的98例成人脊柱侧凸患者,根据行走前矢状面参数将患者分为两组：代偿组（行走前矢状面平衡,矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）和失代偿组（行走前矢状面失平衡,矢状面躯干偏移≥ 40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）。步行15 min前后拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面参数,包括矢状面躯干偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角。比较两组步行15 min前后脊柱矢状面参数,并对每组步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值与其余矢状面参数变化值进行相关性分析。结果 代偿组19例,其中女16例、男3例,平均年龄为（64.1±5.9）岁,BMI为（24.2±4.6）kg/m²;失代偿组79例,其中女67例、男12例,平均年龄为（66.7±7.2）岁,BMI为（24.9±5.1）kg/m²,两组患者性别构成比、年龄、BMI差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行前,代偿组患者腰椎前凸角大于失代偿组（Z=2.784,P=0.003）,骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角和矢状面躯干偏移均小于失代偿组（Z=1.953,P=0.028;Z=3.815,P<0.01）;两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、胸椎后凸角差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行15 min后,两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。与步行前比较,代偿组和失代偿组患者步行15 min后骶骨倾斜角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移均增大（代偿组Z=1.718、P=0.043,Z=2.198、P=0.015,Z=3.875、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.842、P=0.031,Z=1.943、P=0.021,Z=2.917、P=0.002）,骨盆倾斜角和腰椎前凸角均减小（代偿组Z=1.639、P=0.047,Z=3.624、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.812、P=0.039,Z=3.893、P<0.01）;失代偿组患者步行15 min后胸椎后凸角也较步行前增大（Z=2.287,P=0.012）。代偿组、失代偿组患者步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值均与骨盆倾斜角变化值呈负相关（r_s=-0.519、-0.625,P=0.024、0.001）,与骶骨倾斜角变化值、腰椎前凸角变化值、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角变化值均呈正相关（代偿组r_s=0.519、0.645、0.645,P均<0.05;失代偿组r_s=0.625、0.407、0.407,P均<0.01）。结论 成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面平衡的代偿机制逐渐减弱或消失,骨盆及脊柱伸肌肌群的疲劳可能是代偿机制消失的原因。对于初次就诊时矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm、骨盆倾斜角>20°的患者,建议在行走15 min后再次拍摄X线片重新评估是否存在潜在的矢状面失平衡。     

血清CC-16水平用于ARDS患者预后的临床价值研究

目的 探讨血清Clara细胞分泌蛋白-16（Clara cell protein-16,CC-16）水平用于急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者短期预后的临床价值。方法 纳入2014年4月~2016年4月住院的ARDS患者97例,根据ARDS严重程度分为轻度ARDS组（n=28）、中度ARDS组（n=33）及重度ARDS组（n=36）。根据住院30天病死情况,分为生存组（n=57）及病死组（n=40）。所有患者入院时检测常规实验室指标及血清CC-16水平,记录APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分。ROC曲线检测CC-16、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分的预后价值。结果 不同严重程度ARDS患者血清CC-16水平由高至低分别为重度ARDS组（27.33±8.14ng/ml）、中度ARDS组（20.27±6.97ng/ml）及轻度ARDS组（13.87±5.23ng/ml）。住院30天内病死的ARDS患者基线血清CC-16水平显著高于生存患者（24.98±8.33 vs 18.03±8.05,P=0.000）。CC-16单独使用的AUC为0.782（95%CI：0.691~0.872）,CC-16联合APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分的 AUC为0.811（95%CI：0.728~0.895）。基线血清CC-16水平较低（<18.78ng/ml）患者30天总体生存率显著高于CC-16水平较高（≥ 18.78ng/ml）的患者（83.7% vs 38.9%,P=0.000）。结论 血清CC-16水平可作为ARDS患者短期病死情况的预后指标。     

缬沙坦用于心房颤动伴高血压射频消融术后的疗效观察

目的 观察心房颤动（以下简称房颤）伴高血压患者磁导航引导下射频消融术后应用缬沙坦的临床疗效。方法 入选46例房颤伴高血压患者在磁导航引导下行射频消融术,术后分为实验组（缬沙坦+氨氯地平）和对照组（氨氯地平）,术后随访1年,记录心功能改善及房颤复发情况。结果 术后3个月、1年随访,两组收缩压均较术前改善,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P分别为0.29、0.68）;术后3月时实验组CRP明显低于对照组（5.8±1.8mg/L vs 7.9±2.5mg/L,P<0.01）,房颤复发率有减少趋势,但差异无统计学意义（4 vs 10,P=0.060）,左心房前后径（LAD）比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.67）;术后1年时实验组LAD（36.1±2.9mm vs 38.2±3.3mm,P=0.02）、房颤复发率（2 vs 8,P=0.040）明显低于对照组。术后3个月房颤复发14例、术后1年复发10例,复发组患者的持续性房颤比例、术前LAD、随访时LAD均高于未复发组（P均<0.05）。结论 房颤类型、左心房大小是房颤伴高血压患者射频消融术后复发房颤的预测因子之一,缬沙坦可减少术后1年房颤复发率,特别是可以减少术后3个月CRP及术后1年LAD,其疗效独立于缬沙坦的降压作用。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的多学科保守治疗

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCF）多学科保守治疗的临床效果。方法 2015年9月~2016年8月就诊于笔者医院行多学科保守治疗（卧床休息、抗凝、镇痛、抗骨质疏松药物治疗、支具固定、康复理疗）的43例OVCF患者,评价治疗前、治疗后3个月、半年及1年腰背痛视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）评分、椎体高度、后凸畸形角度、骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）参数及相关并发症。结果 VAS评分在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为7.4±1.3分、3.2±1.1分、2.4±1.5分和1.4±1.1分（F=73.1,P=0.000）。ODI评分在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为64.2±11.0分、31.4±9.9分、25.1±10.5分和15.1±8.5分（F=63.4,P=0.000）。椎体前缘高度在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为78.6%±4.7%、88.3%±5.7%、89.7%±5.6%和90.7%±6.1%（F=15.8,P=0.000）。椎体中央高度在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为84.9%±7.8%、93.0%±5.5%、92.2%±6.2%和93.1%±5.1%（F=4.8,P=0.008）。椎体后缘高度在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为95.6%±3.1%、94.4%±3.3%、95.5%±2.6%和95.4%±2.7%（F=0.384,P=0.765）。Cobb角度在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为17.90°±8.0°、15.40°±4.7°、16.20°±3.7°和16.60°±3.6°（F=0.326,P=0.806）。BMD值在就诊时、3个月、半年及1年时分别为-4.0±0.7SD,-3.8±0.6SD,-3.3±0.5SD和-3.2±0.7SD （F=8.798,P=0.000）。经过1年保守治疗,VAS （P<0.05）和ODI （P<0.05）评分较治疗前明显下降,椎体前缘和中央高度恢复明显（P<0.05）,椎体后缘和后凸角度没有明显改变,BMD值较治疗前显著改善（P<0.05）。治疗期间未发生相关并发症。结论 OVCF多学科保守治疗能够有效缓解疼痛、减少致残率,有效防止疾病进一步进展。     

间断垂直钢丝缝合联合环扎固定治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的临床疗效

目的 比较间断垂直钢丝缝合固定技术和间断垂直钢丝缝合联合环扎固定技术治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年1~12月入住安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科的22例髌骨下极粉碎性骨折患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为试验组（n=12）与对照组（n=10）。试验组采用间断垂直钢丝缝合联合环扎固定,对照组采用间断垂直钢丝缝合固定。比较两组患者骨折愈合时间、术后第10天、1年膝关节活动度及Bostman评分的差异。结果 22例患者均获1年以上的随访,仅对照组有1例内固定失败,其余患者骨折均愈合良好。两组患者术后第10天膝关节活动度分别为（83.40±4.14）°和（94.00±3.57）°,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者术后1年膝关节活动度分别为（129.40±2.99）°和（132.00±4.35）°,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后1年与术后第10天膝关节活动度的差值进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1年Bostman评分进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 间断垂直钢丝缝合联合环扎固定治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折疗效优于间断垂直钢丝缝合固定,前者能更好地为术后早期膝关节活动和股四头肌肌肉锻炼提供良好的保护,值得临床推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.