中等体育锻炼对大学生身体自尊和心理资本的干预效果

探讨体育锻炼对大学生身体自尊和心理资本的促进作用,为改善大学生心理健康水平提供参考.方法 采用体育锻炼等级量表、身体自尊量表和心理资本量表,对郑州地区3所大学195名大学生进行中等强度体育锻炼实验干预研究.结果 干预前,实验组和对照组身体自尊得分分别为(71.21±5.61)和(70.30±5.34)分,心理资本得分分别为(93.87±7.37)和(92.19±5.63)分,差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.805,1.759,P值均>0.05).干预后,实验组和对照组身体自尊得分分别为(79.97±5.61)和(71.70±5.34)分,心理资本得分分别为(99.87±5.38)和(93.65±9.57)分,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.802,5.704,P值均<0.01).对照组身体自尊和心理资本得分干预前后差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.366,1.383,P值均>0.05),实验组身体自尊和心理资本得分干预前后差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为9.999,8.696,P值均<0.01).结论 持续中等强度的体育锻炼能显著促进大学生身体自尊和心理资本水平的提高.     

主观锻炼体验在体育锻炼与大学生身体自尊中的中介作用

考察主观锻炼体验在体育锻炼与大学生身体自尊关系中的中介作用.方法 抽取陕西省延安大学、安徽省淮北师范大学2所高校的721名在校非体育专业大学生,对其体育锻炼、身体自尊和主观锻炼体验进行调查.结果 身体自尊各维度、主观锻炼体验的积极幸福感和心理烦恼维度得分在不同体育锻炼水平大学生间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).体育锻炼与身体自尊各维度、主观锻炼体验的积极幸福感维度均呈正相关,体育锻炼、除身体吸引力的身体自尊其他4个维度均与心理烦恼呈负相关(P值均<0.01).递归路径模型拟合较好,体育锻炼对身体自尊的直接作用为0.27,体育锻炼对主观锻炼体验的直接作用为0.42,主观锻炼体验对身体自尊的直接作用为0.53,身体锻炼通过主观锻炼体验对身体自尊的间接作用为0.22,体育锻炼对身体自尊的总效应为0.54(P值均<0.01),体育锻炼和主观锻炼体验对身体自尊的联合解释量约为42%.结论 体育锻炼和主观锻炼体验均能改善身体自尊水平,而且主观锻炼体验在体育锻炼与大学生身体自尊间起部分中介作用.     

某医学院学生体育锻炼行为特征与心理健康的关系

目的探究医学院校大学生不同体育锻炼行为对心理健康的影响。方法运用症状自评量表（SCL-90）及大学生体育锻炼行为调查问卷对935名大学生进行团体测试。结果体育锻炼参与程度较高的大学生心理健康水平优于参与程度较低者,以混合类运动项目为主要锻炼手段者心理健康水平优于以周期性与非周期性项目为主要锻炼手段者。结论周锻炼次数3次以上且每次锻炼时间〉30min者,并且经常参与混合类项目对改善大学生的心理健康状况有积极的作用。     

高强度间歇训练对青少年认知执行功能影响的Meta分析

  目的  通过Meta分析探讨高强度间歇训练对青少年认知执行功能的影响,为医疗康复治疗和体育教育实践活动提供参考依据。  方法  以“高强度间歇训练”“认知功能”“执行功能”“High-Intensity Interval Training”“Cognition”“Cognition Function”“Executive Function”“Exercutive Controls”等关键词检索Pubmed、Cochrane library、Web of science、Embase、知网、万方和维普数据库,收集建库至2020年9月20日公开发表的关于高强度间歇训练对青少年认知执行功能影响相关的文献,运用Stata 14软件和Revman 5.3软件对纳入的10篇文献进行Meta分析,并采用固定效应模型或者随机效应模型进行效应量合并。  结果  急性高强度间歇运动后即刻Stroop测试反应时显著缩短(SMD=0.70,95%CI=0.28~1.11,z=3.29,P < 0.01);运动后30 min Stroop测试反应时变化无统计学意义(SMD=0.23,95%CI=-0.14~0.60,z=1.23,P>0.05);运动后即刻Stroop测试正确率显著提高(SMD=0.26,95%CI=0.03~0.50,z=2.21,P < 0.05);运动后30 min Stroop测试正确率变化无统计学意义(SMD=-1.38,95%CI=-4.28~1.52,z=0.93,P>0.05);长期高强度间歇训练干预后Stroop测试和连线测试反应时显著缩短(SMD=0.38,95%CI=0.07~0.70,z=2.41,P < 0.05)。  结论  急性与长期高强度间歇训练均可有效改善青少年的认知执行功能,但急性训练的后效应作用不明显。     

上海市中小学生体育锻炼对幸福感的影响

了解上海市中小学生体育锻炼对幸福感的影响,为促进中小学生的身心全面发展提供依据.方法 采用随机抽样和整群抽样相结合的方法,自行设计问卷对上海市3 356名中小学生体育锻炼情况和幸福感水平进行调查.结果 上海市中小学生课余时间每周参加体育锻炼3次以下者占54.7%,3~4次者占27.5%,5~6次者占10.3%;每周参加体育锻炼的时间极少者占19.9%,≤3h者占43.5%,3~7h者占24.9%.中小学生认为自己幸福者占75.4%.多元回归分析显示,不同性别,年级,父母亲学历以及课余每周进行体育锻炼的频度、时间、项目均会影响中小学生的幸福感水平(P值均<0.05).结论 学校应采取有效的措施,鼓励中小学生参与各种形式的体育锻炼;家长、教师应关心孩子的身体发育和心理健康.     

听障大学生锻炼自我效能感和身体自尊在体育锻炼与生活满意度间的中介作用

探讨听障大学生体育锻炼、锻炼自我效能感、身体自尊和生活满意度之间的关系,为提高听障大学生的生活满意度提供理论依据.方法 采用体育活动等级量表、锻炼自我效能感量表中文版、身体自尊量表和生活满意度量表,对整群抽取的天津市某高校308名听障大学生进行集体施测,使用SPSS 16.0和Mplus 7统计软件进行数据分析.结果 相关分析显示,体育锻炼与锻炼自我效能感、身体自尊和生活满意度均呈正相关(r值分别为0.18,0.21,0.13,P值均<0.05);锻炼自我效能感与身体自尊和生活满意度均呈正相关(r值分别为0.24,0.21,P值均<0.01);身体自尊与生活满意度呈正相关(r=0.31,P相似文献   

江苏省中小学生参与体育锻炼行为影响因素分析

分析江苏省7~18岁中小学生参加体育锻炼因素,为制订学校体育发展政策提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,从江苏省抽取南京、徐州、宿迁、常州、无锡、苏州、扬州、南通8座城市的30所学校,对从小学一年级到高中三年级共6 847名学生进行体育锻炼影响因素的问卷调查.结果 只有53.97%的中小学生能经常参加体育锻炼.随着年级的增加,经常参加体育锻炼的学生比例呈下降趋势(x2=256.740,P<0.01).在不愿意参与体育锻炼的中小学生中,有45.03%认为体育课程缺乏趣味性,29.07%不喜欢体育老师的授课方式,28.18%认为缺乏体育场地和器材,28.19%认为体育成绩的好坏与其升学没有关系,26.21%认为体育课程成绩与学校的评价、评优无关.Logistic回归分析显示,性别、地区、课程内容缺乏趣味性、不喜欢体育教师的授课方式、缺乏体育场地或器材、家长不支持、体育课与在校期间评优无关、体育课程对升学没有影响是中小学生参加体育锻炼的影响因素(P值均<0.05).结论 江苏省中小学生体育锻炼参与情况欠佳.青少年体育工作的开展应由政府、学校、社会、家庭多方面协调管理.     

间歇训练改善大学生心肺适能效果的Meta分析

目的 比较不同类型间歇训练与持续训练对改善大学生心肺适能的效果,为大学生健康促进提供干预方法的证据支持.方法 采用Meta分析的方法,检索Web of Science、PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、the Cochrane Library和CNKI等数据库中建库至2020年4月1日关于传统高...     

广州市大学生体育锻炼及其影响因素分析

了解广州市大学生的体育锻炼现况及其影响因素,为促进大学生运动与体质健康提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市3所高校1 038名大学生进行体育锻炼情况问卷调查.结果 仅有3.3%(34/1 038)的大学生养成体育锻炼习惯,经常运动的学生占26.5% (275/1 038),70.2%(729/1 038)的学生很少运动;大学生体质量指数不达标的占36.6%(380/1 038).大学生体育锻炼重要性认知平均得分为9.98,其中得分大于均分者占55.5%(576/1 038);只有54.7%的学生能达到中等强度以上的锻炼.大学生体育锻炼的主要动机是强身健体(64.5%)、塑造形体(46.4%)和释放压力(39.7%),但常因为自身惰性、学业繁重和课余活动安排太满无法坚持锻炼.Logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR=1.375)、体育类专业(OR=10.696)、参与体育组织(OR=1.439)、体育锻炼重要性认知得分大于平均分(OR=1.953)的学生更容易养成体育锻炼习惯.结论 广州市大学生体育锻炼习惯养成比例较低.高校应有针对性的开展相关健康教育和行为干预,改善大学生锻炼现况.     

The Impact of Physical Disability on Body Esteem

The current study investigated the impact of physical disability on body esteem. A total of 35 people (18 males and 17 females) with physical disabilities between 19 to 60 years (mean = 38 years, SD = 10), participated in focus groups where they discussed their feelings about how their disability affected their body esteem. They also responded to a series of questions that were designed to examine disability-specific issues in body esteem using a four point Likert-type scale. The data demonstrated that the body esteem of the participants was commonly affected by physical disability. It also suggested that feedback from the social environment is a likely mediator of body esteem. Suggestions for future research and implications for clinicians are discussed.     

运动对人体生物电阻抗特性的影响

目的：研究训练过程中人体生物电阻抗信号的变化,进而通过应用生物电阻抗技术来评估和监测训练。方法：在训练过程中不断检测受试者的生物电阻抗数据,总结训练过程中生物电阻抗信号的变化规律。结果：运动可以明显地改变人体生物电阻抗频谱的某些参数。结论：运动过程中人体生物电阻抗频谱参数的改变可以用来预测人体成分的改变和水分的丢失,进而对训练过程做出评估或者监测。     

Development and Validation of the Physical Disability Sexual and Body Esteem Scale

The Physical Disability Sexual and Body Esteem (PDSBE) scale was developed to assess respondents' capacity to feel positive about their sexuality and their body while living with a physical impairment. The current paper presents four studies that were conducted to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the 10 item PDSBE scale. The first study was an exploratory factor analysis involving 348 participants with physical disabilities. The factors were: Sexual Esteem, Attractiveness to Others, and Body Esteem. The second study was a confirmatory factor analysis, with a total of 338 participants. This analysis confirmed the factor structure established in study 1. The third study revealed good test-retest reliability on a total of 47 participants with physical disabilities. The final study was conducted with 748 participants with physical disabilities and showed that the PDSBE had high reliability and good convergent and divergent validity. Mean scores showed that women scored significantly higher than men on the total PDSBE scale and on the Sexual Esteem and Attractiveness to Others subscales. Future applications for the PDSBE scale are discussed.     

The Impact of Sexual Esteem, Body Esteem, and Sexual Satisfaction on Psychological Well-Being in People with Physical Disability

The current study investigated the association between sexuality and psychological well-being in people with physical disabilities. A total of 1,196 participants completed the study. There were 748 participants who had a physical disability and 448 participants who were able-bodied. The results demonstrated that sexual esteem, body esteem, and sexual satisfaction were strong predictors of self-esteem and depression among people with physical disability, and that this relationship was stronger among people with physical disability than able-bodied participants. It was also found that body esteem was more closely associated with self-esteem in disabled women, while sexual esteem was more closely associated with self-esteem in disabled men. The results of the study suggest that researchers and clinicians who are concerned with the psychological health of people with physical disability should consider strategies to improve the body esteem and sexual well-being of people with physical disabilities.     

体育锻炼对中老年2型糖尿病患者体质状况影响的Meta分析

目的综合分析体育锻炼对2型糖尿病患者健康状况干预效果的文献,进一步论证体育锻炼对2型糖尿病患者体质状况的影响,为2型糖尿病的预防与控制、康复与治疗提供有效的方法与途径,力求为广大2型糖尿病患者提供帮助。方法运用文献资料法,借助中国知识基础设施工程(CNKI)和万方数据库等查询2002年至今符合本研究目的的文献12篇,并采用RevMan 5.2软件对这些文献进行Meta分析。结果关于体育锻炼对糖尿病患者健康状况干预的研究文献近3年较集中;Meta分析显示运动干预能明显降低2型糖尿病患者的体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(2hPBG)和总胆固醇(TC),差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论运动干预能降糖、降脂,改善身体成分,对2型糖尿病患者的健康状况有积极的影响,并对2型糖尿病的继发性疾病有很好的预防与防治作用。     

Physical Disability and Sexual Esteem

The current study investigated the impact of physical disability on sexual feelings, sexual experiences, and sexual esteem. Thirty-five respondents (18 males and 17 females), with physical disabilities between 19 to 60 years (SD = 10, mean = 38) participated in focus groups where they discussed how their physical disability impacted on their sexuality. They also responded to a series of questions that were designed to examine disability-specific issues in sexual esteem using a four-point Likert-type scale. The data demonstrated that the participants struggled with many social and sexual barriers that were associated with having a physical impairment. This appeared to lead to increased feelings of negativity in many participants, including a belief that they were less sexually desirable than an able-bodied person and that having a disability seriously limited their sexual expression. The implications of these findings for practitioners and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

The Effect of Nutrition and Exercise on Body Composition,Exercise Capacity,and Physical Functioning in Advanced CKD Patients

Patients with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and particularly chronic dialysis patients, commonly are found to have substantially reduced daily physical activity in comparison to age- and sex-matched normal adults. This reduction in physical activity is associated with a major decrease in physical exercise capacity and physical performance. The CKD patients are often physically deconditioned, and protein energy wasting (PEW) and frailty are commonly present. These disorders are of major concern because physical dysfunction, muscle atrophy, and reduced muscle strength are associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in CKD and chronic dialysis patients. Many randomized controlled clinical trials indicate that when CKD and chronic dialysis are provided nutritional supplements or undergo exercise training their skeletal muscle mass and exercise capacity often increase. It is not known whether the rise in skeletal muscle mass and exercise capacity associated with nutritional support or exercise training will reduce morbidity or mortality rates. A limitation of these clinical trials is that the sample sizes of the different treatment groups were small. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of nutrition and exercise on body composition, exercise capacity, and physical functioning in advanced CKD patients.     

The Relationship between Body Esteem,Exercise Motivations,Depression, and Social Support Among Female Free Clinic Patients

PurposeObesity is a significant public health problem in women's health. This study examined relationship between body esteem, exercise motivations, depression, and social support among female free clinic patients. Low-income women who are at risk for obesity and other health concerns would benefit from health education efforts.MethodsWe compared 299 female and 164 male free clinic patients 18 years or older using assessments for body esteem, motivation to exercise, depression, and social support.ResultsAlthough female participants reported lower levels of body esteem and higher levels of depression compared with male participants (p < .01), female participants were more motivated to exercise for weight-related reasons than male participants (p < .05). U.S.-born female participants reported lower exercise motivations compared with non–U.S.-born female participants (p < .01). Social support might be an important factor to increase exercise motivation among female free clinic patients (p < .05); depression lowers levels of body esteem (p < .01).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that female free clinic patients should receive gender-specific interventions to promote positive body image and physical activity. It is important for health educators to engage a myriad of physical activity motives to increase the likelihood that clients will experience enjoyment and sustained adoption of exercise into their lifestyle. Future practice and research should warrant the implementation of body image and physical activity programs and the potential impact of using exercise to reducing depression among female patients at free clinics.