原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的彩色多普勒声像图分析及其价值

目的：回顾性分析11例原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的声像图表现,以提高超声对原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的认识及诊断水平。方法复习2005年-2013年来我院经活检或手术病理证实的11例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现,分析其声像图特征。结果11例患者中,10例可见具体肿块,1例表现为乳腺结构紊乱,呈弥漫性低回声而无明确肿块。乳腺淋巴瘤单发5例,多发6例。10例为低回声,1例为高回声。其中5例为形态不规则的极低回声,其内部伴有条索状强回声,肿块边界不清,后方回声多增强,彩色多普勒显示血流信号较丰富。结论乳腺团块边界欠清晰,形态欠规则的低或极低回声,内伴有条索状高回声,后方回声增强,血流丰富且肿块多发时。应考虑到乳腺淋巴瘤可能。     

彩超对乳腺肿块的诊断分析

目的：回顾性分析了43倒乳腺肿块二维声像图和彩色多谱勒血流表现，探讨乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：使用Aloka5000型彩色多谱勒超声诊断仪，对43例临床拟诊乳腺肿块的患者进行检查诊断，分析其二维图象表现、血流分布信息及血流动力学改变。结果在乳腺肿块声像图诊断中，肿块后方回声及肿块边界特征是鉴别良、恶性肿块的关键。本组大多数恶性肿块后方伴有明显衰减，肿块形态不规则，边界不清内部回声低且不均匀，彩色多谱勒检出丰富血流信号。良性肿块后方无衰减。部分后方回声增强，肿块边界光整，内部回声均匀，彩色多谱勒多无明显血流信号。结论：彩超在乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断中，具有重要的鉴别诊断价值及较大的临床应用价值。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的超声诊断(附33例分析)

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的声像图特点和超声诊断价值,以提高诊断水平。方法回顾分析33例经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状肿瘤患者,观察其超声的声像图表现:病变的部位、大小、形态、边界、内部回声与后方回声、有无液化和钙化,利用彩色多普勒超声观察肿块内部及周边的血流分布情况。结果 33例乳腺叶状肿瘤中,良性12例,交界性12例,恶性9例。乳腺叶状肿瘤的二维声像图表现:体积较大的分叶状肿块,边界清晰、规则,内部以实性低回声为主,回声大部分均匀,部分可见散在的无回声区,无或少有钙化,后方回声增强,所有肿块的内部和/或周边均可探及血流信号。结论超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤的定性诊断具有较高的临床应用价值。     

乳腺肿块的超声诊断与鉴别诊断价值探讨

目的探讨超声检查鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块的临床价值。方法选取2015年4月~2016年7月确诊的35例乳腺肿块患者的超声声像资料进行回顾性分析,以术后病理结果或随访结果作为诊断标准,分析超声检查诊断与鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断学效能。结果恶性病灶和良性病灶的形态、边界、包膜、蟹足样改变、内部回声、钙化、后部回声增强的发生率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);恶性肿块的2+3级Adler分级率71.43%显著的高于良性肿块的9.52%(P0.05);超声鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的灵敏度为71.40%、特异度为80.95%、漏诊率为28.60%、误诊率为19.05%(P0.05)。结论超声诊断与鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿块具有较高的临床价值。     

肾上腺淋巴瘤的超声诊断

目的探讨肾上腺淋巴瘤的超声声像图特点,评价超声对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析12例经病理证实的肾上腺淋巴瘤患者的超声表现,评估病变的大小、形态、边界、内部回声及血流情况。结果 12例患者中,9例为双侧受累,3例为单侧,共21个病灶。病灶大小3.1～12.7cm,平均(7.8±3.7)cm。肿块形态呈不规则形12个,呈椭圆形或类圆形7个,呈肾上腺弥漫性增厚表现2个,类似于肾上腺增生。肿块内部主要表现为低回声,内部回声均匀12个,回声不均匀9个,其中4个内部可见条状高回声,3个内部可见片状无回声区。肿块边界清晰16个,边界不清5个。彩色多普勒血流显像示大部分病灶血流信号稀少或无明显血流信号。结论肾上腺淋巴瘤超声声像图表现具有一定的特征性,超声检查有助于与肾上腺其他肿瘤鉴别。     

小儿毛母质瘤的超声诊断

目的:探讨超声诊断小儿毛母质瘤的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析27例术前行超声检查、术后病理诊断为毛母质瘤患儿的超声和临床资料。结果:肿块均位于皮下,平均直径14±6mm。均有内部强回声。20例肿块边界清楚呈椭圆形,4例为类圆形,3例为不规则形。19例可见低回声边缘。17例可探及血流信号。结论:毛母质瘤的超声表现具有一定的特征性,有助于临床诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺泌乳性腺瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对乳腺泌乳性腺瘤的诊断价值。方法 选取2010年1月～2020年1月在我院行超声检查诊断为乳腺泌乳性腺瘤的20例患者资料,其中妊娠期13例,哺乳期7例,共23个肿块,分别行粗针穿刺或手术切除后病理学检查,计算乳腺泌乳性腺瘤超声诊断符合率,并分析其彩色多普勒超声表现特征。结果 23个肿块超声诊断为泌乳性腺瘤,病理确诊为泌乳性腺瘤21个,病理诊断为纤维腺瘤2个,超声诊断符合率为91. 3%;泌乳性腺瘤超声表现为腺体内实性等回声或低回声团块,体积较大,边界清晰,内部回声不均匀,血流信号增多。结论 泌乳性腺瘤在超声检查具有一定的特征性表现,彩色多普勒超声对乳腺泌乳性腺瘤具有较好的诊断价值。     

超声在乳腺实性神经内分泌癌诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨超声对乳腺实性神经内分泌癌的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析4例经病理证实为乳腺神经内分泌癌的超声表现。结果:4例均能触及包块,超声表现均为不均匀实性低回声包块,形态欠规则,均无钙化;3例边界欠清晰,1例边界清晰;4例肿块后方回声均略增强;CDFI示1例可见较粗大血流信号,2例可见少许点条样血流信号,1例未见明显血流信号。4例均未见腋窝淋巴结转移。结论:超声对乳腺实性神经内分泌癌的诊断有重要价值。     

乳腺肿块的超声图像浅析

目的:探讨乳腺肿块的超声图像特征并与病理对照。材料与方法:61例乳腺肿块患者,女性,年龄19～70岁,术前均接受了B超检查,术后经病理证实,使用仪器为PHASAR-AU530,7.5MHz水囊探头。结果:从61例患者中B超查出乳腺癌38例,良性肿块23例,相应于病理结果的诊断敏感性为92.1％,特异性为86％。乳腺恶性肿块的超声图像特征是形态不规则,无包膜,边界粗糙,回声增强,内部回声多为低回声实性,后方回声衰减等,这些表现也是与良性肿块的重要区别之点。结论:综合分析各个声像图特征是鉴别良性与恶性乳腺肿块的关键。     

乳腺肉瘤的X线和超声表现分析

目的 分析乳腺肉瘤的X线和B超特征,提高对此类病变的认识.方法 回顾分析2009年3月至2012年9月经手术及病理证实的8例乳腺肉瘤患者的临床特点及X线、超声征象.结果 8例乳腺肉瘤中低度恶性肌纤维母细胞肉瘤、血管肉瘤各1例,低度恶性腺肌上皮瘤2例,恶性淋巴瘤4例.X线表现为孤立性类圆形或分叶形肿块、融合团块或弥漫性浸润,超声为不均匀低回声肿块,大部分形态不规则,血供丰富.结论 乳腺肉瘤的影像学表现有一定的特点,但这些表现为非特征性,与叶状肿瘤、黏液腺癌等边界清楚的实性病灶的鉴别有一定的困难,对可疑病灶行切除活检非常必要.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.