广西壮族青少年错畸形调查及错分类分析

本文就广西壮族青少年的错牙合畸形调查结果进行报告分析 ,并就错牙合的一些分类、统计问题进行分析讨论。　　一、材料和方法选择广西境内两所中等专业学校的壮族学生 915人 ,要求父母双方均为壮族 ,并来自于壮族集聚地区。年龄 16～19岁 ,其中男性 45 2人 ,女性 46 3人 ;调查者由从事正畸专业五年以上的医师进行 ,以个别正常牙合为标准[1] ,调查前统一标准 :在自然光下 ,以口镜辅助视诊为主 ,并用正畸专用尺进行必要的测量 ,分别对受检者的侧面型、错牙合的安氏分类、错牙合的临床表现等进行逐一记录 ,并进行统计学分析处理。　　二、结果…     

北京地区青少年正畸治疗意识的调查研究

目的 研究北京地区青少年对错(牙合)畸形的认知和正畸治疗的意识.方法 随机选取北京市区不同区县小学4所,中学4所.高中3所,大学4所,共发放问卷5500份做问卷调查.结果 对错(牙合)畸形的认知程度存在性别差异,女性高于男性.对错(牙合)的关注度有性别和年龄的差异,女性高于男性,初中生、大学生高于小学生、高中生.对正畸治疗的了解并不充分,虽然知道正畸治疗的积极意义,但对正畸治疗所需时间及正畸用矫正器并无更多了解.做过正畸治疗的学生中.66%的学生对正畸治疗效果满意.60%以上学生认识到错(牙合)畸形会对面部健康和将来社会生活产生不利影响.结论 不同年龄、性别对错(牙合)畸形及正畸治疗的认识存在差异,需对青少年加强错(牙合)畸形和正畸治疗知识的宣传.     

牙科美学指数在调查正畸治疗需要量中的应用

目的通过对乌鲁木齐汉族青少年正畸治疗客观需要量的调查,从而为口腔卫生资源的合理规划提供科学依据.方法 随机制取562名11～19岁汉族青少年的石膏模型,应用牙科美学指数(DAI)确定正畸治疗的需要量.结果男性DAI分值为35.21±11.28,女性DAI分值为35.54±10.87,男女性别无差异(P>0.05).根据DAI分值分类,正畸治疗需要量构成比为56.73%(男性)和58.89%(女性).结论①乌鲁木齐汉族青少年需要正畸治疗者较多,需提高患者的治疗意识,加强乌鲁木齐地区的牙病防治工作;②牙科美学指数是一种可信、可重复的错牙合流行病学指数,有利于确定正畸需要量,建议推广使用,但DAI存在内在固有的不足,应用时应加以注意.     

广西壮族正常牙合青少年牙弓测量分析(模型研究Ⅱ)

目的：得出壮族正常He青少年牙弓宽度、长度、相关指数比率、腭盖高度等的均值及标准差，从而分析壮族人的牙弓形态特征。方法：测量广西壮族正常He青少年的100副牙He模型（男女各50副）得出相关数据。测量结果进行统计学处理并与国内外的相关资料进行对比研究。结果：壮族青少年牙弓宽度和长度除长度在切牙区外均男性大于女性（P＜0．05），腭盖高度男性大于女性（P＜0．01），相关比率男女无差异（P＞0．05）。壮族人的牙弓形态无论男女前部均较平，牙弓长度相对短，总体成方圆型。结论：壮族青少年的牙弓形态有其独特特征，临床矫治时应考虑本地区的特点。     

改良式Bolton前牙指数分析法

目的：对Bolton前牙指数的不足进行改良。方法：取200名（男女各半）广西壮族恒牙前期正常[牙合]儿童的牙[牙合]模型,测量上下切牙近远中宽度,两者和的比值即为改良Bohon前牙指数。结果：改良Bohon前牙指数男性为76．97,女性为74．07。结论：上下颌切牙量的不调是引起错[牙合]畸形的常见原因,用改良Bolton前牙指数预测覆[牙合]覆盖关系及上下颌牙量不调有一定意义。     

中国大陆正颌患者的求诊动机分析

目的：研究中国骨性畸形患者寻求正颌手术的真实动机,并与国际相关研究比较,分析中国正颌患者的求诊特点。方法：400例中国大陆正颌患者被纳入本研究。患者于2010年12月-2011年12月就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颅颌面科,经过正颌-正畸联合会诊,确诊为骨性错殆畸形．需要正颌-正畸联合治疗。他们在安静、无打扰的环境中完成了问卷。利用SPSS14．0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：总体而言,改善面部外观（77．5％）、改善咬合（65％）和提高自信心（62．75％）是中国正颌患者的主要就诊动机。在男性患者中．改善咬合功能动机的比率是80．47％;改善面部外观占75．74％：提高自信心的比率为65．68％。在女性患者,78．79％要求改善面形．而要求改善自信心和要求改善牙外观的比例分别为60．61％、58．01％。结论：中国正颌患者的主要就诊动机是改善面形．改善咬合功能,提高自信心。男性患者对功能改善的要求比女性高,女性患者对美观的要求远高于功能方面。对中国正颌患者．提高自信心的动机应该得到充分重视。     

伴有人格障碍特征的错颌畸形患者调查

目的：调查伴有人格障碍的错颌畸形患者的特征，探索临床处理措施。方法：采用问卷调查方式对参加2007年福建省口腔正畸年会的120名正畸医生进行回顾性调查，对调查结果进行描述性分析。结果：82名口腔正畸医生参与本次调查，其中37．8％的医生有治疗伴有人格障碍特征的错颌畸形患者的经历，在所描述的64例伴有人格障碍的正畸患者中，偏执型和混合型人格障碍患者分别占26．6％、40．6％，错颌对其面容影响程度严重和中度者分别占43．8％、29．7％，这类患者治疗中主要的问题集中在治疗费用和治疗效果上，共占64％。结论：伴有人格障碍的正畸患者以偏执型和混合型人格障碍为主，男性、受教育程度较低、经济收入水平较低、错颌畸形对其面容影响较大可能是此类患者的客观特征。     

成人不同错牙合畸形分类与垂直型牙槽骨吸收的关系研究

目的：探讨成人错牙合畸形的分类与牙槽骨垂直吸收间的关系。方法：选择来我院行正畸治疗的18岁以上患者450例,对治疗前的石膏模型及全颌曲面断层片的辅助检查进行统计,按不同错牙合畸形分类标准进行诊断分类,并对牙槽骨垂直吸收进行统计分析。结果：按安氏错牙合畸形和矢状骨面型分类后,牙槽骨垂直吸收的患病率无显著差异（P＞0．05）;按垂直骨面型（FH－MP平面）分类后,均角、低角和高角的垂直型牙槽骨吸收患病率分别为22．2％、41．2％和32．9％（P＜0．05）,在两两比较中,低角和高角的垂直型牙槽骨吸收患病率均明显高于均角成年错牙合患者（P＜0．05）,而低角与高角组间无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：在成年错牙合患者中,异常的垂直骨面型与牙槽骨的垂直吸收有一定相关性,提示临床治疗中对具有垂直向不调的成年错牙合畸形患者,更应关注其牙周健康及定期进行牙周维护性治疗。     

牙齿扭转畸形的调查及原因分析

本材料选自四医大口腔医学院正畸科就诊的６０２例错病案。经过对记存模型的测量，发现大于１５°牙齿扭转的患者３６９例，占总调查人数的６１．３％；大于１５°的扭转牙７８３枚，９０°以上严重扭转的牙齿２６枚，切牙外翻（对称扭转）共有４０例，占调查人数６．６％。调查统计表明：在上颌扭转牙的好发部位首先是中切牙，其次是前磨牙。而在下颌左侧第二前磨牙扭转错位发病率最高，其次是下颌切牙。产生牙齿扭转错位的主要原因包括拥挤、先天缺牙、替牙期的局部障碍，先天发育异常，牙胚异位、医源性（不良正畸治疗）、遗传、咬干扰和先天畸形（唇、腭裂等）等。尤其是拥挤与牙位扭转畸形有着非常密切的关系。     

前方牵引矫治乳牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]上气道矢状形态变化的研究

目的：研究前方牵引矫治乳牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者上气道矢状形态变化。方法：选择乳牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者15例,年龄3．7—5．0岁,采用前方牵引治疗前牙反胎,进行正畸前后头影测量分析。结果：前方牵引矫治乳牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形,上颌基骨前移,SNA治疗后增加1．85°±0．60°;下颌骨向后下方旋转,SN—MP和ANS～Me／N—Me治疗后分别增加2．42°±0．59°、（1.85±0．95）％;鼻咽段（PNS—UPW、PNS—Ad2）治疗后分别增加（2．18±0．70）mm,（1．98±0．72）mm,变化均具有统计学意义如〈0．01）。结论：前方牵引矫治乳牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形,上气道鼻咽段失状径增大。     

I want braces: factors motivating patients and their parents to seek orthodontic treatment

OBJECTIVE: To determine patients' and parents'/guardians' motivation for orthodontic treatment. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: A self-completion postal questionnaire survey of new patients referred for orthodontic assessment. CLINICAL SETTING: Kent and Canterbury Hospital (January 2003-January 2004). PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred patients referred from general dental practice and community dental service within East Kent. RESULTS: Response rate was 66%. Fifty percent of the patients were between 11 and 13-years-old. In 81% of cases referral was initiated by the dentist. Most of the patients (87%) were concerned with the appearance of their teeth, 38% reported teasing related to their dental appearance. Only 20% of patients thought there was nothing wrong with their teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The patients' general dental practitioner initiated referral for orthodontic treatment in the majority of the cases. Most patients and parents appeared to be highly motivated and accepting of appliances for orthodontic treatment. Teasing was a commonly reported consequence of malocclusion with negative psychosocial impact.     

Orthodontic treatment-service studied retrospectively in a group of Danish children aged 15-16 years

Abstract In a group of adolescent children in 9th grade attending a municipal dental health service, a certain amount of orthodontic treatment has been performed. 27% of the children had completed, or were undergoing, orthodontic appliance therapy. 9% of the children had completed extraction therapy only. 4% were recorded as discontinued appliance treatments and 3% as discontinued after extraction of permanent teeth as the only treatment. 21% had no anomalies and no treatment and 36% had a malocclusion but no treatment carried out. The effect of the orthodontic service was studied on the group as a whole according to the frequency and pattern of change in four selected malocclusion symptoms and to the degree of personal satisfaction about dental appearance and any orthodontic appliances. The individuals most satisfied with the results from their orthodontic treatment were found in the three middle socioeconomic groups.     

基于牙美学指数对青年人群正畸需要的评估

目的：使用牙美学指数评估青年人群的正畸需要,并分析牙外观自我评估值同牙美学指数分值之间的关系。方法：358名大学生参加了牙美学指数检查,同时每位被调查者使用视觉模拟量表对牙外观进行自我评估。对牙美学指数分值和牙外观自我评估进行简单线性相关分析,并基于牙美学指数分组对牙外观自我评估进行秩合检验。结果：37.7%的被调查对象牙美学指数分值≥31,属于需要正畸治疗人群。牙美学指数与牙外观自我评估间呈中度负相关（P〈0.001）,基于牙美学指数分组对牙外观自我评估进行秩合检验表明4组间得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论：本样本中,37.7%的被调查对象需要正畸治疗;牙美学指数与牙外观自我评估呈反向关系。表明牙美学指数可用于青年人群口腔健康相关生活质量的相关研究。     

青少年正畸治疗依从性影响因素的分析

目的探讨青少年正畸治疗的依从性及其影响因素。方法选取80例青少年患者,使用配合性评价表获得依从性表现,调查问卷追踪调查,对患者配合情况进行统计。结果按时复诊57例,占71.25%;较好保持口腔卫生有44例,占55%;较好保护矫治装置有50例,占62.5%。是否主动要求矫正、是否相信能排齐牙齿以及是否有同伴矫正对患者按时复诊配合影响有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;性别、自觉牙齿美观情况、牙颌畸形程度及托槽类型对患者保持口腔卫生的配合性影响有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;是否主动要求矫正及是否害怕牙齿发生疼痛对该项配合情况的影响有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论青少年患者不配合治疗有因可循,医生可根据不同患者特点,分析可能因素,争取患者的理解和配合。     

Attitudes and satisfaction with dental appearance in young adults with and without malocclusion

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of a Public Dental Service (PDS) system in Sweden with regard to the orthodontic care and to investigate the selection made for the consultation by the general practitioners (GPs) and by orthodontists of those patients with malocclusion. In the individuals leaving the PDS system, the residual need and demand for treatment due to malocclusions and satisfaction with and opinion of their teeth was assessed in orthodontically treated and untreated 19-year-olds. Altogether 121 19-year-olds were clinically investigated with respect to six defined malocclusion traits and given a questionnaire. The following results were found: Ten per cent of the 19-year-olds that had not had an orthodontic consultation showed a residual treatment need. One third of the individuals judged by the orthodontist not to need treatment and one third that had been treated by the GP showed a marked orthodontic treatment need at the age of 19 years. Twenty-two per cent of all 19-year-olds left the PDS with an orthodontic treatment need. Ninety-four per cent were satisfied with their teeth irrespective of malocclusion or not. Every second individual considered their teeth important for their self-esteem. It was concluded that 19-year-olds in general were satisfied with their dental appearance. Half of the registered residual need and demand for orthodontic treatment was not related to measurable malocclusions.     

老年缺牙患者口腔健康与就医心理调查分析

目的：了解老年修复患者口腔与全身健康特点,以及与修复有关的社会心理因素,为老年人群的修复工作提供有针对性的基础性资料。方法：采用问卷调查的方法,内容包括老年患者的背景资料、全身健康状况、自觉口腔健康状况、缺牙状况、对口腔健康知识的认知情况及就诊习惯等。结果：1.老年患者口腔中存在的问题主要依次为：牙齿松动（47.3%）,食物嵌塞（39.2%）,牙齿冷热过敏（27.0%）,口干（27.0%）等;2.牙周病及龋病仍是老年人缺牙的主要原因,占90.3%,一年以内修复的患者仅占58.3%,缺牙主要影响老年人进食,其次为发音,62.2%的患者不知道失牙后多长时间修复,对假牙的要求主要为咀嚼功能好（68.9%）及结实耐用（52.7%）。牙疼无法忍受才看牙者占47.3%;3.全身患有一种或多种系统性疾病者占66.2%。结论：1.老年缺牙患者口腔中存在较多问题,修复条件差;2.修复知识知晓率低,对口腔保健重视不够,对义齿要求主要为功能方面;3.全身健康状况不良。     

正畸技术联合种植修复技术治疗先天缺牙错[牙合]的临床应用体会

目的：探讨正畸技术联合种植修复技术治疗先天缺牙错的临床应用效果。方法：7例先天缺牙患者采用正畸技术集中间隙后植入14枚XIVE柱状螺纹纯钛种植体,治疗完成后用活动保持器保持。结果：14枚种植体经过12-38个月的随访无一例失败,并且牙列的咬合关系保持良好。结论：正畸联合种植义齿修复是一种较好的治疗先天缺牙错[牙合]的临床方法。     

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目的 观察AngleⅠ类错牙合拔牙病例矫治前后牙弓、牙槽骨、基骨的形态变化。方法 选取四川大学华西口腔医学院正畸科2006 — 2007年采用拔除4颗第一双尖牙进行矫治结束的典型AngleⅠ类错牙合病例，取矫治前后石膏模型，测量模型的牙弓、牙槽弓、基骨弓的长度、宽度，对矫治前后各项指标的变化进行统计分析。结果 （1）牙弓长度：总长度变短，牙弓前段变长（P < 0.05），中段变短（P < 0.05），后段变化不明显（P > 0.05）。（2）牙弓宽度：上下尖牙间宽度无明显变化（P > 0.05），第一、第二磨牙间变窄， （P < 0.05）。（3）牙槽弓及基骨弓长度及宽度：上下颌牙槽弓长度均变短（P < 0.05），宽度均变窄（P < 0.05）;上下颌基骨弓的长度均变短（P < 0.05），宽度均变窄（P < 0.05）。结论 AngleⅠ类错牙合拔牙矫治病例随牙齿移动的多少，矫治后其牙弓、牙槽弓、基骨弓的形态均有相应的变化。     

Expectations of treatment and satisfaction with dentofacial appearance in orthodontic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between satisfaction with dental and facial appearance and expectations of orthodontic treatment. The effects of sex and age on these variables were also explored. A sample of 154 patients who applied for orthodontic treatment at the Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands, completed 2 questionnaires, containing 16 items on satisfaction with facial appearance and 23 items on expectations of orthodontic treatment. First, the structure of the questionnaires was analyzed. Next, correlations between patients' expectations, satisfaction with facial appearance, age, and sex were examined. A multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of the initial facial satisfaction on expectations of orthodontic treatment. Principal components analysis of the questionnaire about expectations showed 4 factors with an Eigenvalue greater than 1, accounting for 72% of the total variance. These were defined as "general well-being," "self-image/appearance," "future dental health," and "oral function." We found that "satisfaction with facial appearance" could be divided into 2 factors, each with an Eigenvalue greater than 1, accounting for 64% of the total variance. These were interpreted as "general facial appearance" and "dental appearance." Significant correlations were found between satisfaction with dental appearance and patients' expectations. These correlations were invariant over gender, but not over age. It was concluded that satisfaction with dental appearance is a significant predictor of orthodontic patients' expectations of treatment.     

颞下颌关节不可复性盘前移位危险因素的病例对照研究

目的研究颞下颌关节不可复性盘前移位（anterior disc displacement without reduction,ADDWoR）的危险因素。方法将研究对象分为两组,ADDWoR患者纳入病例组,无ADDWoR症状的其他疾病患者或健康志愿者纳入对照组。分析两组人群面型、咬合因素、精神状况、口腔不良习惯及社会经济等方面的差异,计算各因素的比值比（odds ratio,OR）,比较对该疾病的危险度。结果病例组132人,平均年龄26.55岁;对照组128人,平均年龄26.97岁。病例组和对照组年龄、性别均衡。危险度较大的暴露因素有偏侧咀嚼（OR=3.16）、下颌中线偏斜（OR=3.074）、功能性错畸形（OR=2.917）。结论ADDWoR是多致病因素的疾病,牙功能紊乱是重要的致病因素,而下颌运动异常和不良的咀嚼习惯也是不容忽视的重要因素。