Quality by design approach for formulation development: a case study of dispersible tablets

The focus of the current investigations was to apply quality by design (QbD) approach to the development of dispersible tablets. Critical material and process parameters are linked to the critical quality attributes of the product. Variability is reduced by product and process understanding which translates into quality improvement, risk reduction and productivity enhancement. The risk management approach further leads to better understanding of the risks, ways to mitigate them and control strategy is proposed commensurate with the level of the risk. Design space in combination with pharmaceutical quality management system provide for flexible regulatory approaches with opportunity for continuous improvement that benefit patient and manufacturer alike. The development of dispersible tablet was proposed in the current study through a QbD paradigm for a better patient compliance and product quality. The quality target product profile of a model biopharmaceutical class II drug was identified. Initial risk analysis led to the identification of the critical quality attributes. Physicochemical characterization and compatibility studies of the drug with commonly used excipients were performed. Experiments were designed with focus on critical material and process attributes. Design space was identified and risk factors for all the possible failure modes were below critical levels after the implementation of control strategy. Compliance to the design space provides an opportunity to release batches in a real time. In conclusion, QbD tools together with risk and quality management tools provided an effective and efficient paradigm to build the quality into dispersible tablet.     

Quality by design (QbD) approach for design and development of drug-device combination products: a case study on flunisolide nasal spray

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to design and develop drug-device combination product in particular flunisolide nasal spray (FNS) using quality by design (QbD) approach. Quality target product profile (QTPP) of FNS was defined and critical quality attributes (CQAs), i.e. viscosity (cp) (Y₁) and D₅₀ droplet size distribution (DSD) (μm) (Y₂) were identified. Potential risk factors were identified using a fish bone diagram and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) tools. Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs were used for screening the significant factors and optimizing the variables range, respectively. It was observed that viscosity (cp) (Y₁) was significantly impacted by formulation variables X₁: propylene glycol (PG) (%) and X₂: polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 (%), while D₅₀ DSD (μm) (Y₂) was significantly impacted by formulation variables X₁: PG (%), X₂: PEG 3350 (%) and device variable X₈: delivery volume (μl). A design space plot within which the CQAs remained unchanged was established at laboratory scale. In conclusion, this study demonstrated how QbD based development approach can be applied to the development of drug-device combination products with enhanced understanding of the impact of formulation, process and device variables on CQAs of drug-device combination products.