Molecular Pathology Informatics

Molecular informatics (MI) is an evolving discipline that will support the dynamic landscape of molecular pathology and personalized medicine. MI provides a fertile ground for development of clinical solutions to bridge the gap between clinical informatics and bioinformatics. Rapid adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS) in the clinical arena has triggered major endeavors in MI that are expected to bring a paradigm shift in the practice of pathology. This brief review presents a broad overview of various aspects of MI, particularly in the context of NGS based testing.     

早期胃癌药物治疗相关问题

早期胃癌以局部治疗为主，包括内镜下切除或根治性手术，但仍有病人术后发生复发转移。对于此类病人如何甄别，如何管理，药物治疗的价值和时机均存在较大争议。临床指南相关规定比较含糊，证据级别不高。临床实践的实际处理策略也存在较大差异。基于目前分子生物学和生信学的进步，随着新药物的研发及上市，药物治疗在早期胃癌中的地位和作用有待重新审视。     

Translational research: from benchside to bedside

Translation of the achievements of basic science into everyday clinical practice remains a major issue in contemporary medicine, and is addressed through a new discipline, translational research, which aims to bridge the gap between basic and clinical research. Translational research encompasses laboratory studies, clinical demands, public health and health management, policies and economics; it is crucial in the evolution of contemporary biomedical science; and its interventions follow the political-economic, ethical-social and educational-scientific approaches. Translational research can progress through reorganisation of academic teams in a translational way. New academic posts translationally orientated are urgently needed, particularly in the field of trauma medicine, where lack of awareness of this new evolution is evident.     

我国护理信息学研究热点的共词聚类分析

目的 分析我国2000年以来护理信息学领域的研究热点,为护理信息学的发展及未来研究提供参考。方法 系统检索并筛选中国知网、万方、维普以及中国生物医学文献数据库收录的护理信息学相关研究文献,限定检索时间为2000年1月至2021年9月。利用Bicomb2.0软件统计相关研究文献中的高频关键词,采用SPSS25.0软件生成高频关键词聚类分析树状图,进行共词聚类分析。结果 共纳入相关文献3 644篇,提取35个高频关键词。共词聚类分析得到7个研究热点,分别是信息技术在护理教育中的应用、移动护理在临床护理及护理管理中应用的满意度、电子护理病历在ICU护理质量管理中的应用、手术室护理安全的信息化管理、护士/护生信息素养及影响因素、标准化护理术语在社区护理中的应用以及糖尿病患者的远程延续性护理。结论 近20年来我国护理信息学相关研究呈现出多元化和分散性的特点,未来应积极在全球视野下探索本土化护理信息学的发展方向,汲取有益经验,为我国护理信息学相关研究提供参考。     

United States military contributions to the National Cancer Institute

ObjectiveTo review contributions from the Department of Defense and the United States military to cancer research and the National Cancer Institute.FindingsThe Department of Defense and the military have a number of programs aimed at cancer research with significant dedication to prostate cancer, such as the Prostate Cancer Research Program and Center for Prostate Disease Research. In addition, the military has significant involvement with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) through the various Cooperative Research Groups. The military has played a critical role in large NCI sponsored multi-institutional clinical trials such as the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) and the Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental Endocrine Determinants Study (STEED).ConclusionThe Department of Defense has demonstrated a consistent commitment to cancer research.     

Molecular biology in orthopaedics: the advent of molecular orthopaedics

Molecular biology is the study, at the molecular level, of how genetic information is stored, inherited, and expressed and how it influences the structure and function of cells. Although molecular biology approaches have been used for decades in orthopaedic research, they are only now beginning to influence clinical practice. A variety of sophisticated techniques permit rapid and affordable DNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, gene cloning, gene manipulation, gene transfer, recombinant protein production, and other technologies of enormous biomedical importance. Success in genomics has spawned additional ambitious endeavors, including proteomics, pharmacogenetics, and bioinformatics. These techniques are providing new diagnostic, staging, prognostic, and therapeutic opportunities in all areas of medicine, including orthopaedics. With the use of molecular criteria, treatment of the orthopaedic patient may become more individualized, and greater emphasis will be placed on preventative strategies based on the patient's genetic makeup. Both surgical and nonsurgical decisions will increasingly accommodate molecular criteria.     

Databases and the future of clinical trials in bladder cancer

As clinical trials continue to expand and evolve to include a wider range of collected information, the amount and variety of information available to clinical researchers has concurrently grown. This article describes a range of means to address this complexity and to accommodate the collection, storage, and integration of this information based on current approaches in biomedical informatics. By reviewing these current approaches, and drawing examples from actual practice within the clinical informatics community, a range of potential solutions and their potential impacts are discussed.     

进一步重视烧伤领域转化医学研究

Translational medicine is an emerging arena in the 21st century,and it bridges research results of basic sciences to clinical applications.The importance of translational research attracted considerabl...     

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??The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) gastric cancer TNM staging system (8th edition) explanation and elaboration SHAN Fei , LI Zi-yu, ZHANG Lian-hai, et al. Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
Corresponding author: JI Jia-fu, E-mail: jijiafu@hsc.pku.edu.cn
Abstract The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) have issued the Eighth Edition of TNM staging system manual in October 2016. The updated version made evidence-based, prominent revisions in cancer stage classification system. Specifically, the old TNM staging system based on post-operative pathological examination was replaced by a more sophisticated staging system including clinical staging (cTNM), pathological staging (pTNM), and neo-adjuvant post-treatment staging (ypTNM). These revisions help oncologists and other clinicians better determine the stage of gastric cancer patients according to their conditions and treatments. Consequentially, appropriate individualized anti-cancer treatment could be made possible for each patient. Also, the Eighth Edition revised the guidance in staging gastroesophageal junction cancer and cardia cancer. Another update is N3a and N3b, separated from N3, work as two independent groups in staging system. Comparing to the Seventh Edition, some adjustment was made in sub-classifying patients of stage III. The usefulness and appropriateness of the new updates need clinical validation around the world. Although a risk prediction model incorporating the recent advancement of molecular biology has not been developed as expected, the Eighth Edition provides a useful tool for clinicians in the transition to precision treatment for gastric cancer.     

我国胃癌外科治疗相关临床研究近10年进展及未来方向

近10年,随着我国胃癌早期诊断比例增高、规范化诊疗水平提升以及多项高质量的临床研究结果发布,胃癌治疗模式发生了改变,整体预后得到改善。临床研究的热点主要聚焦于手术方式的改变和发展,其中最活跃的是腹腔镜技术。在CLASS系列研究成果的推动下,我国腹腔镜胃癌手术开展例数呈现明显的上升趋势。围手术期化疗在进展期胃癌治疗中的地位已得到肯定,同时随着免疫治疗相关研究的重大突破,晚期胃癌病人也得到了前所未有的获益。个体化、精细化的治疗模式是我国胃癌诊治的特色,也是未来发展的趋势。     

高职院校开设《实用护理信息技术》的探索研究

目的提高高职护生护理信息能力,促进护理教学与临床护理工作的对接。方法以广泛调研为基础,参考国内外相关文献,经专家讨论,确定高职护生《实用护理信息技术》课程并实施于132名二年级高职护生,采用考核成绩、护理信息能力量表、课程满意度调查表评价课程实施的效果。结果课程结束后,护生理论知识与操作能力考核成绩、护理信息能力量表得分显著提高(均P0.01);超过80%护生对课程内容、教学方法等满意,但72.0%护生对课时安排满意度低。结论《实用护理信息技术》课程可以提高护生的护理信息能力,实现护理教学与临床护理工作的对接,为临床培养实用型护理人才。     

Health informatics and the importance of coding

Health informatics can be defined as ‘The knowledge, skills and tools which enable information to be collected, managed, used and shared, to support the delivery of healthcare and to promote health.’ The use of computers in informatics requires standardized codes to identify synonymous medical terms. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, (ICD-10) is used internationally to code morbidity and mortality; the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures, 4th revision, (OPCS-4) is used in the UK to code operations and procedures; Read codes and Clinical Terms Version 3 (CTV3) are used in primary care systems. Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terminology (SNOMED CT) incorporates all these coding systems. ICD-10 and OPCS-4 are fundamental to Payment by Results, the method by which healthcare providers in the NHS in England are paid.     

3ioinformatics for spermatogenesis： annotation of male ＇eproduction based on proteomics

Proteomics strategies have been widely used in the field of male reproduction, both in basic and clinical research. Bioinformatics methods are indispensable in proteomics-based studies and are used for data presentation, database construction and functional annotation. In the present review, we focus on the functional annotation of gene lists obtained through qualitative or quantitative methods, summarizing the common and male reproduction specialized proteomics databases. We introduce several integrated tools used to find the hidden biological significance from the data obtained. We further describe in detail the information on male reproduction derived from Gene Ontology analyses, pathway analyses and biomedical analyses. We provide an overview of bioinformatics annotations in spermatogenesis, from gene function to biological function and from biological function to clinical application. On the basis of recently published proteomics studies and associated data, we show that bioinformatics methods help us to discover drug targets for sperm motility and to scan for cancer-testis genes. In addition, we summarize the online resources relevant to male reproduction research for the exploration of the regulation of spermatogenesis.     

转化医学在胃肠道肿瘤临床诊疗中的实践与发展

转化医学（translational medicine）旨在基础医学研究与临床医学实践,包括疾病的预防、诊断与治疗之间建立更加直接的联系,其内涵主要表现为将临床工作中发现的关键性问题带入实验室进行针对性研究,并进而将实验室内获得的研究成果更快地“转化”为改善疾病的预防、诊断、治疗与预后的临床实践之中。近几年中,转化医学在胃肠道肿瘤的应用中已取得了一些可喜的成绩,诸如肿瘤敏感标记物筛查、肿瘤分子分型、肿瘤生物靶向治疗等;若能围绕胃肠道肿瘤临床诊疗中的关键性问题开展转化医学研究,将有利于产生新的治疗模式,进一步改善病人的预后。     

从中国胃肠肿瘤外科联盟相关数据分析我国早期胃癌诊治现状和发展趋势

胃癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，但我国早期胃癌病人比例仍较低。2014-2017年中国胃肠肿瘤外科联盟数据在一定程度上可反映我国早期胃癌的发病趋势和诊疗现状。该数据共收集全国95家中心的134111例胃癌病例，针对时间趋势的分析基于至少提交3年数据的中心数据进行分析。在所有病例中，早期胃癌所占比例为19.7%。早期胃癌病人比例分布最高的地区包括浙江、北京、江苏、天津、上海等，而比例最低的地区包括青海、海南、内蒙古、云南、广西等。2014-2017年，早期胃癌的比例从19.7%增加至20.9%，内镜治疗、腹腔镜手术、开腹手术所占比例分别为24.3%、37.7%和38.0%，其中内镜治疗、腹腔镜手术比例有所增加，而开腹手术比例则有所减小。在接受手术切除的病人中，T1a期病人淋巴结转移比例达5.9%，T1b期病人淋巴结转移比例达19.6%。总体来看，我国早期胃癌病人比例近年来略有增加，但与日韩等国相比仍有较大上升空间。早期胃癌的微创治疗逐渐成为主流治疗方式。     

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进入21世纪以来,分子生物学对于医学的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。转化医学是近年来国际生物医学领域出现的新理念,作为医学研究领域的新分支,转化医学的发展与分子生物学研究的进步同样密不可分,互相促进,而分子生物学研究中心的建立将会对两者的协调发展具有重要意义。     

Translational ethics: a perspective for the new millennium

Modern medical care is increasingly dependent on the application of science to clinical practice, which occurs through clinical or translational research. We propose the concept of translational ethics, which incorporates the contributions of research codes of ethics that involve the protection of human subjects into the ethics of clinical practice. The modern research environment, which has contributed the scientific tools of modern medicine, has also framed the ethical environment in which medicine is practiced. The single most important contribution of research codes for protection of human research subjects to clinical practice is the doctrine of informed consent. Translational ethics, based on autonomy and informed consent, progresses beyond the narrow interpretation of those 2 concepts. It requires consensual understanding of a spectrum of clinical interventions that are increasingly complicated. Translational ethics helps navigate the ethical ramifications of technological and scientific advances that will increasingly challenge the corporate-oriented health system in the new millennium.