区域NePhRO评分系统在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾癌中的应用

目的:探讨区域NePhRO评分系统在腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗T1期肾癌中的临床意义及应用价值。方法:2016年5月至2019年12月郑州大学第一附属医院泌尿外科行LPN治疗且术后病理证实为肾癌的T1期肾癌患者98例。根据术前影像资料对患者行区域NePhRO评分,将患者分为低风险组(4～6分)、中风险组(7～9...     

Incidence of T3a up-staging and survival after partial nephrectomy: Size-stratified rates and implications for prognosis

Background

The use of partial nephrectomy (PN) to treat renal cell carcinoma has grown to include larger, more complex tumors. Such tumors are more likely to be up-staged to pT3a and generate controversy regarding the oncologic safety of PN. We aimed to estimate the proportion of patients up-staged to T3a disease after PN, stratified by clinical stage, and characterize their survival.

Robotic partial nephrectomy: a multi-institutional analysis

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for kidney tumors has demonstrated durable oncologic and functional outcomes. The feasibility of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) has been demonstrated in several small, single-institution studies. We performed a large, multi-institutional analysis to determine early oncologic results and perioperative outcomes after RPN. Between October, 2002 and September, 2007, 148 patients underwent RPN at six different centers by nine different primary surgeons for localized renal tumors. Medical and operative records were reviewed for clinical characteristics, pathologic findings, and follow-up information. A total of 148 patients underwent RPN. Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm. Renal hilar clamping was utilized in 120 patients, with a mean warm ischemia time of 27.8 min. Positive surgical margins were identified in six patients (4%), of which two had cautery artifact obscuring the margin after off-clamp cautery excision and one underwent completion radical nephrectomy with no evidence of cancer. There is no evidence of tumor recurrence at mean follow-up of 7.2 months (range 2–54 months) overall, and mean follow-up of 18 months (range 12–23 months) for patients with positive surgical margin. Complications occurred in nine patients (6.1%), including hematoma requiring drainage (n = 1), prolonged ileus (n = 3), pulmonary embolus (n = 2), prolonged urine leak (n = 2), and rhabdomyolysis (n = 1). Two patients underwent open conversion for failure to progress, one patient with morbid obesity and one patient with adhesions from prior ureterolithotomy. Mean hospital stay was 1.9 days. In this multi-institutional series of surgeons beginning their initial experience in RPN, the procedure is a feasible option for minimally invasive, nephron-sparing surgery, with immediate oncologic results and perioperative outcomes comparable with more mature laparoscopic series.     

Perioperative efficacy of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for tumors larger than 4 cm

Background

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is typically reserved for kidney tumors ≤4 cm in size. The use of LPN in patients with larger tumors (>4 cm) has not been systematically evaluated.

Objective

To examine technical feasibility and perioperative safety and efficacy of LPN for clinical stage pT1b–T2 tumors >4 cm.

Design, setting, and participants

This is a retrospective review of data from an Institutional Review Board–approved, prospectively maintained database of 425 LPN procedures over a 6-yr period (September 1999 through December 2005). Patients were grouped according to tumor size: control group1: <2 cm (n = 89; 21% of patients); control group 2: 2–4 cm (n = 278; 65% of patients); and study group 3: >4 cm (n = 58; 14% of patients).

Intervention

Retroperitoneal and transperitoneal LPN.

Measurements

Serum creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rates.

Results and limitations

For groups 1, 2, and 3, mean tumor size was 1.5 cm, 2.9 cm, and 6 cm in diameter, respectively (p < 0.001). Study group 3 patients more often had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 (p < 0.05), central tumors (p < 0.001), pelvicalyceal repair (p = 0.004), and heminephrectomy (p < 0.001). Total operative time, estimated blood loss, and duration of hospital stay were equivalent. Mean warm ischemia time was 30 min, 32 min, and 38 min in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.007). Tumor size >4 cm did not increase significant risk for positive tumor margins, intraoperative complications, or postoperative genitourinary complications. In each group preoperative stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) was present in 31%, 35%, and 44% of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.15); postoperatively, stage 3–5 CKD incidence increased to 52%, 52%, and 63% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.20). Patients with tumor size >4 cm and preoperative stage 3–5 CKD had an 8-fold increase in risk for CKD stage progression. Limitations of the study include retrospective analysis and a relatively low number of patients in group 3.

Conclusions

Given laparoscopic expertise and appropriate patient selection, LPN is feasible and efficacious for kidney tumors >4 cm. Indications for LPN should be expanded to include patients with amenable tumors >4 cm in order to maximally preserve kidney function in these patients.     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾脏小肿瘤的疗效及安全性评价

目的 探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗肾脏小肿瘤的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析28例后腹腔镜肾部分切除术及24例同期行开放性肾部分切除术患者的临床资料,比较两种术式在手术时间、术中估计出血量、术后镇痛药物使用剂量、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生率及肿瘤学效果等方面的差异.结果 后腹腔镜组与开放手术组患者在性别、年龄、肿瘤位置及肿瘤大小上的差别无统计学意义.后腹腔镜组1例因动脉分支出血中转开放手术,其他手术均获成功.后腹腔镜组平均手术时间118.4±16.2 min较开放组手术时间102.3±22.4 min长,但二者之间差异无统计学意义.开放组术中估计出血量142±12 ml,后腹腔镜组估计出血量126±14 ml,二者差异无统计学意义.后腹腔镜组热缺血时间26.6±4.2 min,开放组16.5±1.8 min,组间差异显著.后腹腔镜组在镇痛药用量、胃肠道功能恢复时间、及术后住院日等方面明显均优于开放组(P<0.05).所有患者术后血肌酐均在正常水平.两组患者术后并发症的发生率相当(25.9%vs 16.7%),无术后大出血、尿瘘等严重并发症出现.平均随访时间17(1～30)个月,两组患者均未见肿瘤复发及转移.结论 与传统开放手术相比,后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术具有一定的技术难度,但仍是一种安全、有效的手术方式,而且具有创伤小、患者痛苦少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点.     

Comparison of survival for partial vs. radical nephrectomy in young patients with T1a renal cell carcinoma treated at commission on cancer-accredited facilities and influence of comorbidities on treatment choice

Purpose

There is a paucity of data comparing effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) vs. radical nephrectomy (RN) on overall survival in young patients. In this study, the National Cancer Database was used to evaluate the survival outcomes of those treated with PN and RN, and influence of comorbidities on surgical treatment (PN vs. RN) in young patients while accounting for Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Score (CDCS).

Predictors of benign histology in clinical T1a renal cell carcinoma tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy

The anatomical characteristics of renal tumors have been classified using several systems. An association between tumor anatomical characteristics and postoperative histological diagnosis can be expected. The present study aimed to assess the rate of and predictive factors for benign histological findings for renal tumors diagnosed as T1a by preoperative imaging. From January 2000 through December 2010, 149 patients underwent partial nephrectomy (either open or laparoscopic) for T1a renal cell carcinoma. The frequency of benign histological findings was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis estimated the relative importance of predictive factors. The overall frequency of benign lesions was 8.1%. Multivariate analysis identified three statistically significant predictive factors for benign lesions: age, sex and exophytic tumor property (P = 0.0356, 0.0183 and 0.0330, respectively). The present findings suggest that exophytic tumors on preoperative imaging are more likely to be benign at histology after partial nephrectomy.     

肾癌肾部分切除术的临床价值及合适的手术切缘的探讨

目的：探讨肾癌肾部分切除术(保留肾单位手术)的临床价值及合适的手术切缘。方法：回顾性分析15例行肾部分切除术的肾癌患者临床资料．其中双侧异时性肾癌且一侧为多发肿瘤2例，单发肿瘤13例。肿瘤直径2～6cm．均为T1期(1997年TNM分期标准)。对15例肾癌患者行肾部分切除术．手术切缘位于肿瘤外1cm。另取肾癌根治性手术标本21例．于体外沿假包膜行肾肿瘤剜除术．并随机切取肿瘤边缘0．3cm、0．5cm及1cm处肾实质及肾蒂处淋巴脂肪组织行病理检查。结果：15冽患者随访12～72个月．平均41个月．未见并发症及残肾内肿瘤复发。21例标本于体外行肿瘤剜除后肉眼下均无肿瘤组织残留，送检组织均无肿瘤细胞浸润。结论：肾部分切除术能安全有效地治疗局限的早期肾癌患者．而手术切缘为肿瘤边缘1cm处较为合适。     

Imaging strategy and outcome following partial nephrectomy

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of surveillance after partial nephrectomy (PN) in a single institution and the relevance of imaging studies in detecting recurrence.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for hilar tumors: technique and results

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for hilar tumors is a cutting edge procedure for which little data is available in the current literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe our technique and results of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal hilar tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Between April 2000 and September 2006, 94 partial laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed at our institution. A total of 18 (19.1%) patients had hilar tumors. A hilar tumor was defined as a lesion suspicious for renal cell carcinoma in contact with a major renal vessel on preoperative cross-sectional imaging. In 3 (16.7%) of the patients, the indication for nephron-sparing surgery was imperative. Mean tumor size was 3cm (range, 2-4.5). Eight (44.4%) surgeries were performed with renal artery perfusion for cold ischemia; the remaining surgeries were performed under warm ischemia. INTERVENTION(S): After occluding the renal artery and controlling the renal vein by using separate rubber band tourniquets, we excised the tumor mass including delicate mobilization away from the blood vessels. Although we used to insert a ureteral stent at the beginning of our experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, we no longer do so. All surgeries were performed by a single urologist (G.J.). MEASUREMENTS: Operative time, ischemia time, blood loss, renal function using the Cockroft formula as well as renal scans, operative and post-operative complications, pathology parameters. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: All surgeries were completed laparoscopically. Mean surgical time was 238min (range, 150-420). Mean ischemia times were 42.5min (range, 27-63) and 34.1min (range, 24-56) for the cold and warm ischemia groups, respectively. Estimated intraoperative blood loss was 165ml (range, 50-500). There were two (11%) entries into major vessels during tumor excision, namely a segmental renal artery in one patient and a segmental renal vein in another. Both of these occurrences were managed laparoscopically. One patient necessitated laparoscopic reexploration for urine extravasation in the immediate postoperative period. All postoperative nuclear scans (available in 12 of 18 patients) showed functional kidney moiety. Mean split renal function was 38.6% (range, 24-50) on the operated side. Histopathological examination confirmed renal cell carcinoma in 14 (77.8%) of the patients. One (7.1%) patient had a positive surgical margin on the surface that was adjacent to the renal artery. In a median follow-up of 26 mo (range, 1-59), no local recurrence or systemic progression occurred. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for hilar tumors is a feasible and safe procedure in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Oncological results seem excellent, but further follow-up is needed for accurate long-term assessment of this surgical approach.     

Cryoablation versus Partial Nephrectomy for Clinical T1b Renal Tumors: A Matched Group Comparative Analysis

Background

The traditional treatment for a cT1b renal tumor has been radical nephrectomy. However, recent guidelines have shifted towards partial nephrectomy (PN) in selected patients with cT1b renal tumors. Furthermore, practitioners have extended the role of cryoablation (CA) to treat cT1b tumors in selected patients.

Long-term functional evaluation of the treated kidney in a prospective series of patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for small renal tumors

Background

Renal scintigraphy may allow long-term monitoring of ischemic damage after partial nephrectomy (PN).

Objective

Evaluate use of renal scintigraphy for evaluating long-term effects of warm ischemia on renal function in patients with a normal contralateral kidney.

Design, setting, and participants

We prospectively examined kidney function of 54 patients who underwent laparoscopic PN (LPN). Minimum follow-up time was 4 yr.

Intervention

LPN was performed with warm ischemia by transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach.

Measurements

Demographic, perioperative, and pathologic data and postoperative complications were registered. Split renal function (SRF) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were evaluated by renal scintigraphy preoperatively, at 3 and 12 mo postoperatively, then yearly. Baseline weighted differentials (b-WDs) of both SRF and ERPF in the affected kidney were calculated between baseline condition and every time point. Multivariate linear regression was used to find independent variables for increased b-WDs at 3 and 48 mo. P values <0.05 were considered significant.

Results and limitations

The SRF and ERPF of kidneys treated by LPN decreased significantly at month 3 and subsequently remained stable through the duration of follow-up. Conversely, neither serum creatinine nor estimated glomerular filtration rate changed significantly during follow-up. The regression model showed statistical significance at month 3 for warm ischemia time (WIT) and age, whereas at 48 mo, statistical significance was reached by WIT alone. No new onset of cardiovascular disease was registered. No evidence of local recurrence was recorded with computed tomography scan. Our study may be underpowered due to small sample size; however, this is one of the largest long-term prospective series using renal scintigraphy to evaluate the renal function after LPN.

Conclusions

WIT contributes to irreversible kidney damage observed at month 3 that does not appear to worsen.     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(附4例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜肾部分切除术的可行性.方法 2005年8～11月对2例肾恶性肿瘤和2例肾错构瘤行腹腔镜肾部分切除术.先游离患肾,显露肾动、静脉及输尿管,棉带穿过肾动脉以备阻断患肾血流,行肾部分切除术,结果 4例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术.手术时间2例均为1.5h,1例2h,1例3h;术中出血50～180ml,均未输血.1例肾蒂阻断时间25min,余3例未完全阻断.结论 腹腔镜肾部分切除术技术可行.     

Presurgical sunitinib reduces tumor size and may facilitate partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma

ObjectiveTo determine whether presurgical sunitinib reduces primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) size and facilitates partial nephrectomy (PN).MethodsData from potential candidates for PN treated with sunitinib with primary RCC in situ were reviewed retrospectively. Primary outcome was reduction in tumor bidirectional area.ResultsIncluded were 72 potential candidates for PN who received sunitinib before definitive renal surgery on 78 kidneys. Median primary tumor size was 7.2 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.3–8.7 cm) before and 5.3 cm (IQR: 4.1–7.5 cm) after sunitinib treatment (P<0.0001), resulting in 32% reduction in tumor bidirectional area (IQR: 14%–46%). Downsizing occurred in 65 tumors (83%), with 15 partial responses (19%). Tumor complexity per R.E.N.A.L. score was reduced in 59%, with median posttreatment score of 9 (IQR: 8–10). Predictors of lesser tumor downsizing included clinical evidence of lymph node metastases (P<0.0001), non–clear cell histology (P = 0.0017), and higher nuclear grade (P = 0.023). Surgery was performed for 68 tumors (87%) and was not delayed in any patient owing to sunitinib toxicity. Grade≥3 surgical complications occurred in 5 patients (7%). PN was performed for 49 kidneys (63%) after sunitinib, including 76% of patients without and 41% with metastatic disease (P = 0.0026). PN was completed in 100%, 86%, 65%, and 60% of localized cT1a, cT1b, cT2, and cT3 tumors, respectively.ConclusionPresurgical sunitinib leads to modest tumor reduction in most primary RCC, and many patients can be subsequently treated with PN with acceptable morbidity and preserved renal function. A randomized trial is required to definitively determine whether presurgical therapy enhances feasibility of PN.     

Robotic versus open partial nephrectomy for highly complex renal masses: Comparison of perioperative,functional, and oncological outcomes

Introduction

We aimed to compare perioperative, functional and oncological outcomes between robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for highly complex renal tumors (R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry Score > 9).

肾癌肾部分切除术后局部复发的临床分析

目的 探讨肾癌肾部分切除术后局部复发的临床特点,对比手术及靶向药物治疗的预后。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2019年12月于武汉大学人民医院泌尿外科行肾癌肾部分切除术875例,术后局部复发的19例肾癌患者病历及随访资料。男10例,女9例;中位年龄55(28～72)岁。患者首次复发中位间隔时间为18(3～54)个月。pT_1a期6例,pT_1b期12例,T₂期1例。FuhrmanⅠ～Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级4例。初次手术入路方式：腹腔镜12例,开放7例。二次治疗方式：手术+靶向药物治疗11例,单纯靶向药物治疗8例。二次手术采用腹腔镜手术3例,开放手术8例;重复肾部分切除2例,根治性肾切除9例。结果 PN患者首次复发率为2.2%(19/875),二次手术复发率为36.4%(4/11)。本研究11例二次手术患者中位手术时间215(105～270) min。中位出血量270(100～1 800) ml。术后并发症Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级3例,治疗后好转。13例患者(68.4%)出现舒尼替尼副反应,调整用药后好转。19例患者中位随访时间2...     

Increased use of antihypertensive medications after partial nephrectomy vs. radical nephrectomy

Purpose

A prospective study of partial vs. radical nephrectomy demonstrated worse overall survival in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy which appeared to be driven by cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to determine if the blood pressures or use of antihypertensive medications differed between patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy.