关节镜手术治疗前交叉韧带并半月板损伤

目的 探讨关节镜手术治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)合并半月板损伤的方法及疗效.方法 关节镜下对135例ACL合并半月板损伤患者行ACL重建,同时行半月板修复或半月板修整.结果 患者均获随访,时间3～12个月,术后未出现关节粘连、血管神经损伤等并发症,半月板修整患者均无交锁且回旋挤压试验阴性.半月板修复患者3个月时随访,回旋挤压试验阳性1例;12个月时随访,回旋挤压试验阳性3例,交锁1例,两者都有1例.Lysholm评分:手术前为(46.3±6.2)分,术后6个月为(73.4±7.6)分,术后12个月为(87.8±8.2)分,术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 ACL与半月板常同时损伤,手术前应作好ACL重建及半月板修复或修整准备,关节镜同期治疗ACL并半月板损伤可取得较好疗效.     

Impact of Partial and complete rupture of anterior cruciate ligament on medial meniscus: A cadavaric study

Background:

The clinical relationship between medial meniscus tear and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has been well documented. However, the mechanism of this clinical phenomenon is not exactly explained. Our aim is to investigate the biomechanical impact of partial and complete ACL rupture on different parts of medial meniscus.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve fresh human cadaveric knee specimens were divided into four groups: ACL intact (ACL-I), anteromedial bundle transection (AMB-T), posterolateral bundle transection (PLB-T), and ACL complete transection (ACL-T) group. Strain on the anterior horn, body part, and posterior horn of medial meniscus were measured under 200 N axial compressive tibial load at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion, respectively.

Results:

Compared with the control group (ACL-I), the ACL-T group had a higher strain on whole medial meniscus at 0°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. But at 30°, it had a higher strain on posterior horn of meniscus only. As to PLB-T group, strain on whole meniscus increased at full extension, while strain increased on posterior horn at 30° and on body of meniscus at 60°. However, AMB-T only brought about higher strain at 60° of flexion on body and posterior horn of meniscus.

Conclusions:

Similar to complete rupture, partial rupture of ACL can also trigger strain concentration on medial meniscus, especially posterior horn, which may be a more critical reason for meniscus injury associated with chronic ACL deficiency.     

前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现与关节镜治疗

目的：探讨膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现和关节镜手术疗效.方法：回顾性分析自2005年1月至2010年12月收治的12例症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的资料.男8例,女4例;年龄19～53岁,平均（33.7±9.5）岁;左膝5例,右膝7例;病程3～48个月,平均（15.8±13.2）个月.术中关节镜下完整切除前交叉韧带囊肿.记录术前术后膝关节的活动度,膝关节功能采用Lysholm评分标准进行评定.结果：术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症发生.12例均获随访,时间24～48个月,平均（32.3±6.6）个月.患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、交锁症状均消失,随访期间无复发.术后关节活动度及Lysholm评分均较术前明显改善.结论：关节镜诊治症状性前交叉韧带囊肿具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,是治疗症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的有效治疗手段.     

膝关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱移植重建前十字韧带部分束损伤

目的探讨关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱单束移植重建前十字韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）部分束损伤的临床效果。方法2007年1月至2010年5月关节镜下行自体腘绳肌单束重建ACL部分束损伤16例。术前Ly．sholm评分平均为55．4±6．7分。结果全部获得随访,随访时间为12～23个月,平均18±4．3个月。术后Lysholm评分增至平均89．3±3．3分,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。所有患者主观症状均消失,全部恢复正常工作与体育锻炼。结论应用自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL部分束损伤明显改善膝关节功能。     

Postoperative change in medial meniscal length in concurrent all-inside meniscus repair with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Purpose

Meniscus repair can restore meniscal function that transfers the axial compressive force to circumferential tensile strain. However, few reports have investigated the relationship between concurrent meniscus repair with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and postoperative meniscal position. This study aimed to evaluate medial meniscal size and clinical results in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction and concomitant all-inside medial meniscus repair.

Methods

Twenty patients underwent ACL reconstruction and concurrent medial meniscus repair of a peripheral longitudinal tear using the FasT-Fix meniscal repair device. Medial tibial plateau length (MTPL) and width (MTPW) were determined by radiographic images. We evaluated the Lysholm score, anteroposterior instability, meniscal healing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based medial meniscal length (MML) and width (MMW). Correlations between MRI-based meniscal size, radiographic measurement and height were investigated.

Results

All patients showed complete healing of the repaired meniscus in arthroscopic evaluation. However, one patient needed a subsequent meniscus repair during the follow-up period. Lysholm score and anteroposterior instability improved significantly. A better correlation was observed between MMW and MTPW than between MML and MTPL. Concurrent all-inside medial meniscus repair with ACL reconstruction significantly increased MML percentage (%MML) (100 MML/MTPL) but did not affect MMW percentage (%MMW) (100 MMW/MTPW).

Conclusions

Concurrent all-inside medial meniscus repair with ACL reconstruction had satisfactory clinical results. %MML was increased by concurrent medial meniscus repair without affecting %MMW. Our results suggest that medial meniscus repair associated with ACL reconstruction may restore meniscal function by adjusting the anteroposterior length of the torn medial meniscus.     

关节镜下同种异体韧带重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下应用同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的近期和远期效果。方法自2002年1月～2003年1月,对7例前交叉韧带断裂患者(全部为男性,平均年龄42.0岁)应用深低温同种异体胫前肌腱重建断裂的前叉韧带,术后指导患者行功能锻炼。采取IKDC(国际膝关节评分委员会)功能评分、Lysholm评分、Tengner评分标准对患者术前,术后8个月,术后6年膝关节主观功能评分;采用KT2000在屈膝30°、90°,134N下分别测量患者术前,术后8个月,术后6年胫骨前后移动的距离。结果 7例均获随访,随访达6～7年,平均6.5年。患者术前与其他两组(术后8个月和术后6年)IKDC、Lysholm、Tengner评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后8个月、术后6年之间三种评分比较,差异均没有统计学意义(P0.05);KT2000屈膝30°、90°,134N下胫骨前后移动距离,术前和其他两组(术后8个月和术后6年)之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而术后8个月和术后6年之间比较,差异均没有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者无出现重建的前交叉韧带再断裂现象。结论同种异体肌腱能简单有效地重建膝关节前叉韧带。正确选取韧带和适当推迟康复进程是确保疗效的要点之一。     

膝关节镜治疗老年人盘状半月板损伤

目的探讨膝关节镜治疗老年人盘状半月板损伤的疗效。方法对19例外侧盘状半月板损伤的老年患者进行关节镜手术,依具体损伤情况采用半月板成形术15例,次全切除术2例,全切除术2例。同时对伴随的骨关节炎、关节游离体、内侧半月板损伤、滑膜皱襞增生给予切除增生滑膜、关节软骨修整、游离体取出及内侧损伤半月板次全切除。结果18例获得随访,时间6～24（15±9）个月,按Ikeuchi膝关节评分标准：优13例,良2例,可2例,差1例。结论膝关节镜下治疗老年人盘状半月板损伤可以获得良好的效果。     

Posttraumatic incarceration of medial collateral ligament into knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament injury

Medial collateral ligament of the knee is an important coronal stabiliser and often injured in isolation or as combination of injuries. The article reports a case of incarcerated medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in 20 year old male who presented to us 4 weeks after injury. Clinical examination and MRI was correlated to complete ACL tear with torn distal MCL and incarceration into the joint. Patient was taken up for ACL hamstring graft reconstruction with mini-arthrotomy and repair of the torn MCL. Patient was followed up with dedicated rehabilitation protocol with good functional results. At one year follow-up, patient exhibited full range of motion with negative Lachman, Pivot shift and valgus stress tests. This article highlights the rare pattern of MCL tear and also reviews the literature on this pattern of injury.     

前交叉韧带断裂的关节镜下保留残端重建手术治疗

[目的]探讨关节镜下保留残端纤维前交叉韧带重建的手术方法及其与标准手术方法的疗效比较.[方法]回顾性分析采用关节镜技术重建前交叉韧带293例,其中ACL完全断裂253例,男187例,女66例,平均年龄28岁.2004年5月～ 2007年12月,采用标准重建技术对85例ACL完全断裂患者进行关节镜下ACL重建手术,2007年1月～2010年5月,采用保留残端技术对168例ACL完全断裂患者进行关节镜下ACL重建手术.[结果]在术后第12个月时有211例患者得到随访.Lachman试验:标准组患者术后阴性55例,弱阳性7例,阳性2例;保残组患者中132例阴性,10例弱阳性,阳性5例.采用两组比较秩和检验,P=0.438.通过Lysholm评分表对两组患者术前及术后患膝关节进行评分,标准组术后评分为90.84;保残组术后评分为92.09,两组评分相比,P=0.462.采用被动活动察觉阈值评估两组术后患膝本体感觉功能,标准组TTDPM(被动活动察觉阈值)为2.099°±0.159°,保残组TTDPM为1.683° ±0.218°,两组比较P=0.001,两组患者术后被动活动察觉阈值的差异具有统计学意义.[结论]保留残端纤维关节镜下前交叉韧带重建,术后患者膝关节本体感觉功能恢复更好.     

关节镜下保留韧带残端的前交叉韧带重建

目的 评价保留韧带残端的前交叉韧带(ACL)重建的近期临床效果,探讨ACL胫骨残端在重建术后韧带化及膝关节本体感觉恢复过程中的作用.方法 2007年1月至2009年1月,对82例ACL断裂患者行关节镜下保留韧带残端的ACL单束重建,男53例,女29例;年龄18～41岁,平均28.2岁.受伤至手术时间为3周～22个月,平均3个月.82例患者均为ACL完全断裂,其中体部断裂77例,股骨起点断裂5例.术中病理检查观察韧带残端血管分布,尽可能保留韧带残端及表面滑膜鞘,重建的韧带自ACL残端中通过并被残留的滑膜鞘包裹.术后随访时通过Rolimeter试验检测膝关节前向稳定性,采用Lysholm膝关节评分、Tegner评分、国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分等评价术后疗效.结果 ACL残端病理检查显示残端韧带纤维间有血管分布,炎性细胞浸润,靠近胫骨止点处和新鲜损伤时血管分布较多.82例患者术后随访13～37个月(平均20个月).末次随访时,79例患者(96.3%)Lachman试验阴性.Rolimeter检查显示双侧膝关节前向松弛度差值由术前平均(7.3 ±2.6)mm减少至末次随访时(2.3 ±1.5)mm(t=1.981,P=0.023).Lysholm评分由术前平均(61.2 ±7.6)分改善至末次随访时(91.5 末4.5)分(t=2.915,P=0.002).Tegner评分由术前平均(3.7 ±1.4)改善至末次随访时(6.5±1.2)分(t=2.189,P:0.012).IKDC主观评分由术前平均(65.1±7.9)分改善至末次随访时(93.4±5.7)分(t=3.286,P=0.001).所有患者轴移试验检杏均为阴性,膝关节活动度正常.结论 保留牵张胫骨残端的ACL重建能够建立具有良好稳定性的膝关节,近期临床疗效良好.ACL胫骨残端组织有利于韧带的组织再血管化过程及本体感觉的恢复.     

Effect of partial and complete posterior cruciate ligament transection on medial meniscus: A biomechanical evaluation in a cadaveric model

Background:

The relationship between medial meniscus tear and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury has not been exactly explained. We studied to investigate the biomechanical effect of partial and complete PCL transection on different parts of medial meniscus at different flexion angles under static loading conditions.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve fresh human cadaveric knee specimens were divided into four groups: PCL intact (PCL-I), anterolateral bundle transection (ALB-T), posteromedial bundle transection (PMB-T) and PCL complete transection (PCL-T) group. Strain on the anterior horn, body part and posterior horn of medial meniscus were measured under different axial compressive tibial loads (200-800 N) at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion in each groups respectively.

Results:

Compared with the PCL-I group, the PCL-T group had a higher strain on whole medial meniscus at 30°, 60° and 90° flexion in all loading conditions and at 0° flexion with 400, 600 and 800 N loads. In ALB-T group, strain on whole meniscus increased at 30°, 60° and 90° flexion under all loading conditions and at 0° flexion with 800 N only. PMB-T exihibited higher strain at 0° flexion with 400 N, 600 N and 800 N, while at 30° and 60° flexion with 800 N and at 90° flexion under all loading conditions.

Conclusions:

Partial PCL transection triggers strain concentration on medial meniscus and the effect is more pronounced with higher loading conditions at higher flexion angles.     

前十字韧带损伤合并内侧半月板ramp损伤

目的探讨前十字韧带损伤合并内侧半月板ramp损伤的发生率、诊断方法、修补术及其临床疗效。方法2002年4月至2005年4月,共进行333例单纯前十字韧带损伤重建术,陈旧性损伤(>3个月)215例,急性损伤(<3个月)118例。合并内侧半月板ramp损伤者89例,其中85例需手术修补。手术取腘绳肌腱、自体或异体骨-髌腱-骨移植物重建前十字韧带,同时应用全内缝合方法,经两个后内入路配合经髁间窝入路,利用缝合钩修补ramp损伤。前十字韧带损伤中,ramp损伤的总发生率为26.7%,其中陈旧性损伤的发生率为30.7%,急性损伤为19.5%。结果可随访者75例(88.2%),随访5～41个月,平均20.2个月。随访时采用主观症状观察、临床查体、二次关节镜手术观察及MR检查。其中二次手术观察25例,MR复查21例。在可随访的75例患者中,所有患者的主观症状及临床查体均呈正常表现;在二次关节镜手术观察的25例中,均全部愈合。在经MR复查的21例中,18例完全愈合,3例部分愈合。结论大约1/3的前十字韧带损伤合并有内侧半月板ramp损伤,陈旧性损伤较新鲜损伤合并ramp损伤的发生率更高。在重建前十字韧带的同时应修补ramp损伤,全内缝合方法是修补ramp损伤的很好方法,可以达到很高的愈合率。     

关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带的临床前瞻性对照研究

目的 前瞻性评估保留残端对于前交叉韧带重建临床疗效的意义.方法 2008年8月至2009年9月共70例有韧带残端存留的前交叉韧带损伤患者入选本研究组,随机分为保留残端组(n=35)和对照组(n=35).分别采取关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带和切除残端的前交叉韧带重建手术技术,移植物均使用同种异体肌腱.术后随访分别进行膝关节功能评分(IKDC分级和Lysholm评分)、客观稳定性评估(Lachman试验、轴移试验和KT-1000测量)、本体感觉功能测量和二次关节镜手术探查.结果 70例患者中共61例(87%)获得随访,平均随访时间13.1个月.两组的功能评分无显著差异:Lysholm评分:保留残端组96.4分,对照组94.9分(P=0.71);IKDC分级中A和B级:保留残端组30例,对照组29例(P=0.586).两组的客观稳定性评估无显著差异:KT-1000测量的侧-侧差值:保留残端组1.69 mm,对照组1.65 mm(P=0.83);Lachman试验阴性例数:保留残端组29例,对照组28例(P=1.00);轴移试验阴性例数:保留残端组31例,对照组27例(P=0.225).本体感觉的角度重复试验结果无显著差异:保留残端组4.56°,对照组4.28°(P=0.522).二次手术探查时发现的移植物滑膜覆盖率无显著差异:保留残端组85%,对照组84.2%.结论 保留残端同时使用异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,对术后膝关节主观功能评分、稳定性和本体感觉和移植物滑膜覆盖程度并无促进作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction using the remnant-preserved technique.Methods From August 2008 to September 2009,70 cases with the remnant of injured ACL were included in the trials,which were randomized into the remnant preservation(RP)group and the control group,35 cases in each group.All patients in the two groups underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgeries,with ACL-remnant preserving technique in RP group and ACL-remnant resection in control group,respectively.The injured ACL was reconstructed with allograft in all cases.Postoperative follow-up assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)grading and Lysholm score,Lachman test,pivot shift test and KT-1000 measurement,proprioception measurements and the arthroscopic second look evaluation.Results Sixty-one(61/70,87%)cases were available for an average of 13.1 months follow-up assessment postoperatively.There were no significant differences between the RP and control group in functional outcome as evaluated with Lysholm score(96.4 vs.94.9,P = 0.71)and IKDC grading(cases with A and B gradings:30 vs.29,P = 0.586).Regarding objective stability,there were no differences between the 2 group in mean side-to-side difference of KT-1000(1.69 mm vs.1.65 mm,P =0.83),Lachman test(negative cases:29 vs.28,P = 1.00)and pivot shift test(negative cases:31 vs.27,P =0.225).There was also no difference between the groups in proprioception evaluation measured with angle repetitive test(4.56°vs.4.28°,P=0.522).During second look arthroscopic examination,the grafts synoveal coverage rates were found to be 85% in the RP group and 84.2% in the control group,without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the remnant preserving technique using tendon allograft do not improve the postoperative knee-joint function scores,stability,proprioception and synovial coverage of grafts.     

Evaluation of the clinical signs of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries

Background:

The diagnostic accuracy of anterior drawer (AD) sign, Lachman test and the pivot shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury and McMurray test for medial and lateral meniscus is varied with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 2 to 100%. Generally, it is accepted that the pivot shift test is the most specific test to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and that the Lachman test is more sensitive than AD sign. This study was undertaken to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and efficiency for the above-mentioned diagnostic tests.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight male patients with clinical ACL injury were examined in the outpatient department and under anaesthesia, the findings were compared with arthroscopy.

Result:

The sensitivity and specificity for the Lachman test, AD sign and pivot shift test performed in the outpatient setting are 78.6 and 100%, 89.3 and 100%, and 75 and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the Lachman test, AD sign, and pivot shift test performed under anesthesia are 92.9 and 100%, 92.9 and 100%, and 100 and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the McMurray test for medial and lateral meniscus were 35.7 and 85.7% and 22.2 and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The Lachman test, AD sign and pivot shift test are highly specific tests to diagnose ACL laxity in a non-acute setting; pivot shift test under anesthesia is the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing ACL laxity in a non-acute setting and the McMurray test is not a sensitive test to diagnose meniscal injury in the presence of ACL injury.     

Arthroscopic placement of the interference screw for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

This article describes a simple technique to check arthroscopically the position of the interference screw in bone patellar tendon bone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. With this simple and inexpensive method we can be sure that the bone plug in the tunnel has a rigid fixation and that the screw does not damage that graft.     

关节镜下治疗症状性Wrisberg韧带型盘状半月板的临床疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下半月板成形、后角胫骨止点重建并缝合固定术治疗症状性Wrisberg韧带型盘状半月板的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年1月我科收治的11例症状性Wrisberg韧带型盘状半月板损伤病人的临床资料,其中男7例,女4例,平均年龄为19.5岁(14～25岁).左膝6例,右膝5例;军事训练伤...     

Meniscal allograft transplantation for symptomatic knee after meniscectomy of torn discoid medial meniscus: Report of three cases

In symptomatic discoid medial meniscus, partial meniscectomy is the principal treatment method and can yield promising short-term results. However, unlike the nondiscoid meniscus, discoid medial meniscus is frequently associated with horizontal cleavage tears, attributable to the presence of myxoid degeneration in the intrameniscal substance, in that it may potentially occur deteriorating long-term results because of re-tearing of remaining meniscus or secondary degeneration of cartilage of the medial compartment after meniscectomy. We experienced three rare cases of retear or secondary degeneration of cartilage of the medial compartment after meniscectomy for two patients with torn bilateral meniscus. Both patients were highly active young males. Meniscal allograft transplantation in complicated discoid medial meniscus was performed. At 2 years after meniscal allograft transplantation, clinical outcomes were improved with a normal range of motion. Orthopedic surgeons should recommend activity modification to prevent possible complicated injury of the discoid medial meniscus. Meniscal allograft transplantation may be an alternative option in highly active young patients undergoing complicated discoid medial meniscus to diminish pain, improve knee function, and prevent or delay degeneration.     

关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术

目的:探讨关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术的方法及临床效果。方法:自2007年10月至2009年11月,对17例前交叉韧带断裂患者进行保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术。其中男10例,女7例;年龄28～62岁,平均39.3岁。致伤原因:交通事故9例,日常生活摔倒受伤6例,运动创伤2例。伤后至手术时间平均8.5d(2～14d)。采用国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)分级及Lysholm评分等评估患者手术疗效。结果:17例均获随访,时间24～39个月,平均29.5个月。所有患者未发现腘窝动脉、胫神经或腓总神经损伤等并发症。12例膝关节活动度达到正常;1例出现关节僵硬,术后6个月予以关节镜下松解,术后积极功能锻炼,术后膝关节屈曲20°缺失,伸直正常;3例有屈曲5°～10°缺失;1例有5°过伸受限。17例后抽屉试验和Lachman试验均阴性。17例IKDC评分均达到或接近正常。IKDC总评分16例正常,1例接近正常。末次随访时IKDC主观评分为94.3±5.1,Lysholm评分为94.7±3.1。结论:关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术可获得良好的临床效果。     

Arthroscopic one-piece excision technique for the treatment of symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus

We introduce a new arthroscopic technique for the partial excision of the symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus in one piece. Our experience indicates that this technique has several advantages compared with the conventional surgical techniques of partial meniscectomy. The operating time is short (less than 20 minutes), it is less aggressive, there is less damage to the cartilage, and less formation of foreign bodies.     

关节镜下盘状半月板的治疗

目的　探讨关节镜下盘状半月板的治疗方法与疗效。　方法　 37例 (37膝 )盘状半月板 ,33例行关节镜下成形术 ,4例肌腱部自关节囊缘较广泛撕裂因无法成形而行全切术。 1例自R区纵向撕裂在成形后行缝合修补术。　结果　按Ikeuchi氏膝关节评价等级 :优 19例 (5 1.4% ) ,好 13例(35 1% ) ,良 5例 (13 5 % )。　结论　关节镜下盘状半月板成形术可获得优良疗效 ,主张尽可能施行关节镜下成形术治疗盘状半月板。