人工补片修复腹部恶性肿瘤体内应用的远期效应

背景：人工补片容易与腹部肠管粘连,甚至出现肠梗阻,为肿瘤复发的再次手术切除带来了巨大困难。 目的：观察腹部恶性肿瘤切除后,应用人工补片修复腹壁缺损所带来的远期临床效应。 方法：回顾性分析因腹部肿瘤切除致腹部缺损患者26例,补片修复腹壁组16例应用聚丙烯类网片、膨体聚四氟乙烯补片和复合补片修复;直接拉拢缝合组10例未用人工补片修复,直接缝合皮下组织及皮肤。比较两组患者的腹壁疝、肠梗阻、再次手术开腹情况。 结果与结论：随访2~10年,补片修复腹壁组16例均未出现腹部疝,6例出现肠梗阻(聚丙烯类网片3例,膨体聚四氟乙烯补片1例,复合补片2例),7例因肿瘤复发再次手术,补片(聚丙烯类网片4例,膨体聚四氟乙烯补片1例,复合补片2例)与肠粘连严重,入腹困难。直接拉拢缝合组10例均出现腹壁疝,4例因肿瘤复发再次手术,肠粘连轻,入腹顺利。提示人工补片修复腹壁缺损能预防切口疝的发生,但容易导致腹腔粘连,严重影响腹部肿瘤复发再次手术。     

腹横筋膜与腹膜前疝修补术103例分析

目的重新认识腹横筋膜的解剖特点,从解剖学角度探讨腹膜前疝修补术的合理性。方法对术中腹横筋膜以及腹膜前间隙的解剖观察,回顾性分析腹膜前修补腹股沟疝103例的临床资料。结果耻骨肌孔由腹横筋膜的前层覆盖,腹横筋膜由两层构成,腹壁下血管位于两层之间。3种方法放置的补片在不同的腹膜前间隙覆盖耻骨肌孔。103例均成功,无切口感染、髂腹股沟神经痛病例。术后随访1～6年无复发。结论从解剖学特点看,覆盖耻骨肌孔的腹膜前疝修补具有合理性。前后入路腹膜前疝修补补片放置的间隙不同。     

双层聚丙烯补片治疗巨大切口疝15例体会

目的：探讨应用双层聚丙烯补片治疗腹壁巨大切口疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年6月-2013年5月收治的15例腹壁巨大切口疝患者的临床资料。15例患者疝环直径均〉10 cm,其中初次切口疝10例、复发性疝5例；均采用双层聚丙烯补片置入治疗。结果15例患者均顺利完成手术。术后无切口感染、切口下血肿、排斥反应等并发症发生,患者均痊愈出院。所有患者均获随访6~40个月,平均21个月。15例患者中,术后1年复发1例,另14例随访期间均未见复发。结论应用双层聚丙烯补片置入治疗腹壁巨大切口疝,具有操作简便、创伤小、术后恢复快、复发率低、并发症少、材料价格低廉等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹直肌肌皮瓣在腹部中线切口疝修补术的解剖学基础及疗效分析

目的　探讨腹壁组织瓣在中、大型中线切口疝修补术的解剖学基础及效果。　方法　（1）中线中、大型切口疝48例,年龄介于23～65岁,中型切口疝28例,其中男性18例,女性10例,大型切口疝20例,其中男性13例,女性7例,采用腹直肌肌皮瓣修补;（2）与同期52例中、大型中线切口疝开放法肌后补片无张力修补术对照,年龄介于20～67岁,中型切口疝29例,其中男性17例,女性12例,大型切口疝23例,其中男性13例,女性10例。　结果　腹直肌肌皮瓣在腹部中线切口疝修补术与补片修补术相比：（1）在复发率上,其中在中型切口疝中,复发率分别为：7.1％和3.4％,P>0.05,在大型切口疝中分别为：15.0％和4.3％,P>0.05。（2）腹壁异物感及术后慢性疼痛,在中型切口疝观察组发生率分别为：0％和10.7％,对照组分别为：41.3％和95.7％,P分别<0.05;在大型切口疝中,对照组分别为：0％和30％,在对照组分别为：34.5％和47.8％,P分别<0.05。　结论　腹直肌肌皮瓣在中、大型中线切口疝修补效果与无张力修补术相当,但术后不适及并发症较补片法相比优势明显。     

双层复合补片在腹壁大切口疝及巨大切口疝中的应用

背景：传统缝合修补与自体组织移植修补较大腹壁缺损时具有一定的局限性。 目的：分析人工合成材料双层复合补片修补腹壁大切口疝及巨大切口疝的效果。 方法：回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2008-12/2010-12收治的71例腹壁大切口疝及巨大切口疝患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用双层复合补片行切口疝无张力修补。 结果与结论：全部病例术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症。发生皮下积液5例,经换药治疗后痊愈。术后随访6个月~2.5年,无复发病例,无切口感染病例。提示双层复合补片是目前治疗腹壁大切口疝和巨大切口疝安全可靠的修补材料。     

人工补片无张力疝修补术59例临床分析

目的：探讨人工补片无张力疝修补术的疗效和优点。方法：对59例71个腹外疝在疝囊高位结扎后行人工补片无张力修补术的临床效果进行回顾性分析。结果：本组51例63个腹股沟疝和股疝的手术时间为30—80min，平均55min。术后切口均一期愈合，无切口感染、硬结、异物反应等并发症；术后并发短暂尿潴留2例；阴囊血肿2例、积液4例5侧。腹股沟疝术后5～7天(平均6天)出院，切口疝术后8-11天(平均9天)出院。随访5—51个月，复发2例。结论：人工补片无张力疝修补术是一种简单、安全、痛苦小、恢复快、效果好的疝修补方法，适用于腹壁缺损不严重的各种腹外侧及复发疝。     

巨大腹白线缺损一例

<正> 21岁的女病人,以腹壁疝入院。全麻下腹正中切口长28cm的术野中,直到腹直肌内侧缘,未见腹白线。作腹直肌前鞘纵行减张切口多处,腹正中上联合缝合腹直肌前鞘后鞘。术后三年未复发。     

人工材料聚丙烯补片在修补腹壁切口疝中的应用

背景:如何修补腹壁巨大缺损是临床经常遇到的难题,曾有许多学者尝试各种材料进行修补,但临床效果不是很满意。目的:检索文献综合分析人工聚丙烯补片在修补腹壁切口疝中的应用效果。方法:应用计算机检索检索Pubmed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)1991-01/2009-12的相关文献,在标题和摘要中以"补片,外科手术,腹壁切口疝"或"patch,surgery,incisional hernia"为检索词进行检索。选择与人工材料聚丙烯补片在修补腹壁切口疝中的应用相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。最终纳入符合标准的文献28篇。结果与结论:临床常需要借助合适的材料来修复巨大的腹壁缺损,以维持腹壁的肌张力和外形。聚丙烯补片具有良好的生物相容性,置入体内后不会导致创口感染、排异反应及其他并发症,具有较理想的预防游离腹直肌皮瓣术后切口疝发生的作用,同时也增强了腹壁强度。临床研究表明其组织相容性良好,无排异反应,具有一定抗感染能力,是理想的疝修补材料。提示应用人工合成材料进行疝修补,操作简便、损伤小、恢复快、复发率低,并发症少。但提高修补技术,选择并研制抗张力强度大、炎症反应轻、顺应性高的补片仍是该领域研究的重点。     

补片修补术治疗腹壁巨大切口疝的临床体会

目的探讨补片修补术在治疗腹壁巨大切口疝上的临床效果。方法对我院2012年10月~2013年10月收治的40例腹壁巨大切口疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者全部给予补片修补术进行治疗,观察患者的临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果40例患者全部痊愈出院,住院时间9~16d,平均(12.3±2.1)d,且患者术后均未出现如切口感染、补片排异反应以及肠梗塞等并发症现象。所有患者术后随访3~6个月,并无复发病例出现。结论补片修补术治疗腹壁巨大切口疝的临床疗效令人满意,具有术后恢复快、并发症发生率低和复发率低等优点,是临床上治疗腹壁切口疝的最佳手段之一。     

聚四氟乙烯补片修复巨大腹壁缺损

很多修补腹壁缺损的人工材料因易感染组织而不理想,作者对28例巨大腹壁切口疝病人,包括12例修补后复发者,以2mm厚的聚四氟乙烯补片进行修补取得满意效果。结果表明,伤口感染2例(7.1％),均发生于术前合并肠瘘的病人,其中1例经换药愈合,另一例折除补片,仍有切口疝,补片组织学检查,仅见轻微的炎症反应。疝复发3例(10.7％),其中1例5个月后再次手术,发现因缝合不牢引起。组织学发现补片上有牢固粘连的纤维组织,补片间隙中有成纤维细胞,胶元纤维已长入200μm     

局部组织瓣在腹壁巨大缺损修复的临床应用

目的探讨应用局部组织瓣修复巨大腹壁缺损的可行性和方法。方法对1999年1月～2008年1月收治的12例巨大腹壁缺损患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均利用筋膜推进瓣或腹外斜肌腱膜翻转瓣修复,观察术后组织瓣成活情况。结果组织瓣全部存活,12例患者均一期实现确定性腹壁关闭。经过半年至5年的随访,有2例患者出现切口疝。结论应用组织瓣修复巨大腹壁缺损并发症较少,临床效果确切。     

Locating the arcuate line of Douglas: Is it of surgical relevance?

Ventral hernia formation is a common complication of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap harvest. The site and extent of harvest of the flap are known contributing factors. Therefore, an accurate location of the arcuate line of Douglas, which marks the lower extent of the posterior wall of the rectus sheath, may be relevant before harvesting the flap. This study is aimed at determining the position of the arcuate line in relation to anatomical landmarks of the anterior abdominal wall. Arcuate lines were examined in 80 (44 male, 36 female) subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years, during autopsies and dissection. The position of the arcuate line was determined in relation to the umbilicus, pubic symphysis, and intersections of rectus abdominis muscle. Sixty four (80.4%) cases had the arcuate line. In most cases (52), this line was located in the upper half of a line between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis. Most males (93%) had the arcuate line, while more than a third of females did not have it. In all these cases, the line occurred bilaterally as a single arcade, constantly at the most distal intersection of the rectus abdominis muscle. Consequently, the arcuate line is most reliably marked superficially by the distal tendinous intersection of the rectus abdominis muscle. Harvesting of the muscle cranial to this point will minimize defects in the anterior abdominal wall that may lead to hernia formation. Clin. Anat. 23:84–86, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

A comparison of suture repair with mesh repair for incisional hernia

BACKGROUND: Incisional hernia is an important complication of abdominal surgery. Procedures for the repair of these hernias with sutures and with mesh have been reported, but there is no consensus about which type of procedure is best. METHODS: Between March 1992 and February 1998, we performed a multicenter trial in which we randomly assigned to suture repair or mesh repair 200 patients who were scheduled to undergo repair of a primary hernia or a first recurrence of hernia at the site of a vertical midline incision of the abdomen of less than 6 cm in length or width. The patients were followed up by physical examination at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Recurrence rates and potential risk factors for recurrent incisional hernia were analyzed with the use of life-table methods. RESULTS: Among the 154 patients with primary hernias and the 27 patients with first-time recurrent hernias who were eligible for the study, 56 had recurrences during the follow-up period. The three-year cumulative rates of recurrence among patients who had suture repair and those who had mesh repair were 43 percent and 24 percent, respectively, with repair of a primary hernia (P=0.02; difference, 19 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 35 percentage points). The recurrence rates were 58 percent and 20 percent with repair of a first recurrence of hernia (P=0.10; difference, 38 percentage points; 95 percent confidence interval, -1 to 78 percentage points). The risk factors for recurrence were suture repair, infection, prostatism (in men), and previous surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The size of the hernia did not affect the rate of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with midline abdominal incisional hernias, mesh repair is superior to suture repair with regard to the recurrence of hernia, regardless of the size of the hernia.     

Development of the rectus abdominis and its sheath in the human fetus

Purpose: Although the rectus abdominis and its sheath are well known structures, their development in the human fetus is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: We examined rectus abdominis and sheath development in semiserial horizontal sections of 18 fetuses at 5-9 weeks of gestation. Results: Rectus muscle differentiation was found to commence above the umbilicus at 6 weeks and extend inferiorly. Until closure of the anterior chest wall via fusion of the bilateral sternal anlagen (at 7 weeks), the anterior rectal sheath originated from the external oblique and developed towards the medial margin of the rectus abdominis at all levels, including the supracostal part. After formation of the anterior sheath, fascial laminae from the internal oblique and transversus abdominis contributed to formation of the posterior rectus sheath. However, the posterior sheath was absent along the supracostal part of the rectus abdominis, as the transversus muscle fibers reached the sternum or the midline area. Therefore, it appeared that resolution of the physiological umbilical hernia (8-9 weeks) as well as chest wall closure was not required for development of the rectus abdominis and its sheath. Conversely, in the inferior part of the two largest fetal specimens, after resolution of the hernia, the posterior sheath underwent secondary disappearance, possibly due to changes in mechanical stress. Conclusion: Upward extension of the rectus abdominis suddenly stopped at the margin of the inferiorly developing pectoralis major without facing the external intercostalis. The rectus thoracis, if present, might correspond to the pectoralis.     

保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房

目的 探讨保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房的临床疗效。方法 系列病例报告研究。纳入2021年8月—2022年2月湖南省肿瘤医院采用保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植再造乳房的11例乳腺癌女性患者,年龄32~57岁（平均45.1岁）。均为乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造。切取皮瓣长22~30（24.5±0.8）cm,皮岛宽10~12（11.2±0.5）cm。具体制备肌皮瓣形式包括：类型Ⅰ,一侧传统带蒂腹直肌皮瓣联合对侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植;类型Ⅱ,双侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣移植;类型Ⅲ,一侧保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣联合对侧游离腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣移植。观察皮瓣血运情况、并发症和随访情况。结果 11例患者的皮瓣制备类型Ⅰ4例、类型Ⅱ4例、类型Ⅲ3例。所有皮瓣顺利成活,未见明显并发症。11例患者均获随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均9.4个月。再造乳房外形可,质地满意,无皮瓣挛缩变形;皮瓣供区仅遗留线性瘢痕,腹壁功能无明显影响。结论 保留外侧部分腹直肌的带蒂腹直肌皮瓣制备手术难度不大,能有效减小供区损伤,获得满意的手术效果,可以作为乳腺癌术后乳房再造较好的手术方法选择。     

Microanatomy and number of nerve fibres of the lower intercostal nerves with respect to a nerve anastomosis. Donor nerve analysis. I. (IV).

A human intercostal nerve has about 10,000 myelinated nerve fibres, of which about 1000 to 2000 are motor. At about the axillary line the nervus intercostalis splits into the ramus cutaneous lateralis and a deep branch to the musculus rectus abdominis and other muscles. The ramus cutaneous lateralis consists of 2 skin branches of about 3000 nerve fibres and a muscle branch to the musculus obliquus externus of about 400 to 1100 nerve fibres. The deep branch to the musculus obliquus internus, the musculus transversus and the musculus rectus abdominis and the anterior skin consists of about 2500 to 7000 fibres of which 400 to 1700 are skin fibres. There is indication that the muscle branch to the musculus obliquus externus has about 50% motor fibres. The intercostal nerve is, as it splits after about 20 cm into 4 branches, a suitable donor of at least 2 different muscle functions and a skin sensible function for a direct nerve anastomosis. A crude model for calculating matching probabilities of motor and sensory fibres between donor and acceptor nerves is introduced. Besides the importance of having enough donor nerve fibres, it is calculated that the small amount of motor nerve fibres can be best used if muscle branches of the donor nerves are connected to muscle branches of the acceptor nerves. Because of the separation between normal laboratory animals and humans on the phylogenetic scale, differences in regeneration and plasticity are discussed.     

脱细胞真皮基质修补腹股沟疝

背景：当前应用聚丙烯补片行腹股沟疝无张力修补已成为腹股沟疝修补的标准手段,但这些材料可能对患者生殖功能产生影响。 目的：总结应用脱细胞真皮基质修补腹股沟疝的经验。 方法：回顾性分析19例应用异体脱细胞真皮基质修补腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,男15例,女4例,年龄5~38岁。术后观察切口愈合情况,并定期随访。 结果与结论：19例患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染、皮下积液等并发症。18例患者获得随访,随访3~30个月,无局部疼痛、牵拉等不适感,无复发病例。提示脱细胞真皮基质材料为未成年人、尚未婚育及有生育要求的男性腹股沟疝患者的治疗提供一种新的选择。     

男性单侧腹直肌罕见缺失变异1例

目的 报道1例罕见的右侧腹直肌完全缺失并不伴有其他器官系统变异尸体的腹部解剖过程,腹壁肌群及其供血情况。 方法 解剖并观察尸体腹壁肌、血供、神经支配,对比两侧腹直肌发育和形态差异。 结果 该尸体右侧腹直肌缺失,腹直肌鞘完好,腹壁上动脉和腹壁下动脉仍在腹直肌鞘内走行并相吻合,肋间神经及肋下神经（T7～T12）由鞘内穿出达皮下。左侧腹直肌发育正常并有代偿性增生。男尸腹壁未见疤痕和手术切痕,腹内器官无缺失,腹膜除肝区外无黏连。 结论 该尸体右侧腹直肌缺失可能是胚胎发育第6周之前出现异常所导致。目前腹直肌肌皮瓣常用于多项外科重建手术,全面了解腹直肌的相关变异,对于扩展重建手术的应用范围和作好术前准备,确保手术成功均具有指导意义。     

疝区腹膜折叠法修复巨大腹壁疝

目的:提出一种修复数次术后复发的巨大腹壁疝的有效方法。方法:利用巨大腹壁疝多余的囊壁组织即腹膜,切开后提起,在缺损区双侧自基底部反复折叠缝合,形成-5～7层的条索状腹膜组织,以加固缺损区。结果:所形成的条索状的腹膜组织具生物活性且坚韧性强,经对10例多次术后复发的巨大腹壁疝病人的修复后随访,无一例复发。结论:此法原位取材、简便牢靠,既避免了使用阔筋膜游离移植存在的异位创伤、供区有限及并发肌疝等问题,又避免了单纯使用合成材料所面临的排斥反应及感染松脱的问题,是目前较为理想的一种疝修复方法。