人参与麦冬配伍后人参皂苷含量变化的研究

目的研究人参与麦冬配伍后不同制备条件对人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1含量的影响。方法用高效液相色谱法测定人参配伍麦冬后水煎液、浓缩膏、不同温度下干燥细粉中人参皂苷的含量。结果两者配伍后,浓缩干燥是人参皂苷类成分损失最多的制备方法。结论人参与麦冬配伍干燥温度不宜高于60℃。     

人参与藜芦配伍后人参皂苷类成分煎出量变化研究

目的:研究人参与藜芦配伍后人参皂苷类成分煎出量的变化,找出2味药配伍后在化学成分上的变化规律,阐释中药配伍理论中"人参反藜芦"的机制。方法:通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定人参与不同剂量藜芦配伍后水煎液中人参皂苷的含量;采用比色法测定药渣中人参总皂苷的含量。结果:人参与藜芦配伍后人参皂苷的含量降低,并且随着藜芦配伍剂量的增加人参皂苷逐渐减少;但人参与藜芦水煎后的残渣中人参皂苷含量并没有因为藜芦加入量增加而增加。结论:"人参反藜芦"有一定科学道理。随着藜芦加入量的增加人参皂苷减少并不是因为藜芦的某些成分抑制人参皂苷在水溶液中的溶出,而可能是藜芦中某些成分与人参皂苷发生了化学反应导致人参皂苷的减少。     

人参配伍五灵脂人参总皂苷的含量变化规律研究

目的观察人参配伍五灵脂后人参总皂苷含量的变化规律,探讨两种药物配伍后五灵脂对人参抗衰老作用的影响及机理。方法选取6组不同的人参与五灵脂的用量配比及不同的煎煮方法,用紫外分光光度法进行两味药配伍后的人参总皂苷含量测定。结果二者配伍后人参总皂苷含量下降。结论五灵脂的用量和二者的煎煮方式是影响人参总皂苷含量的两个重要因素。     

正交试验优化人参提取物带式干燥工艺的研究

目的采用正交试验法优化人参提取物的带式干燥工艺。方法以人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1总量和提取物收率为考察指标,选择加热板温度、履带速度、进料速度为考察因素,采用L9(34)正交试验确定人参提取物最佳带式干燥工艺。结果最佳干燥工艺条件是:加热板温度110℃,进料速度为25 L/h,履带速度为180 mm/min。结论带式干燥所得提取物含量高,收率稳定,适用于大规模生产。     

吉产不同生长年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1比值的变化规律研究

目的:探讨吉产不同生产年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值的变化规律,为其生长年限的鉴别提供参考。方法:收集吉林省不同生长年限(3～30年)的园参、林下参、野山参样品,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rf、Rb_1、Rc、Rb_2、Rb_3、Rd等8种成分的含量;计算各皂苷单体含量及8种人参皂苷总含量分别与人参皂苷Rg_1含量的比值,并探究该比值与生长年限的关系。结果:随人参生长年限的增长,园参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1、Rc、Rd单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐减小(P<0.001),林下参中人参皂苷Re与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值呈先减小后增加趋势(P<0.001),野山参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐增加(P<0.001),而园参、林下参、野山参中人参皂苷Rf、Rb_3与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值则均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:园参、林下参、野山参均含有8种人参皂苷成分,可根据人参皂苷Rg_1含量和人参皂苷Re、Rb_1单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值初步推测其生长年限。     

基于UPLC-TOF/MS分析人参附子配伍减毒的物质基础

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-TOF/MS)分析人参附子药对配伍减毒的物质基础,从化学成分层次阐释其配伍减毒机制。基于UPLC-TOF/MS建立人参附子药对配伍后生物碱类成分的化学指纹图谱,通过主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘判别法分析药对配伍在合煎过程中的生物碱类成分的含量变化,找出差异变化显著的化学成分。结果表明,正离子模式时人参附子药对合煎液中次乌头碱、去氧乌头碱的含量明显降低,而苯甲酰中乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱和去乙酸中乌头原碱等含量升高。人参附子药对配伍应用时双酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显降低,而单酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显升高,这可能是人参附子药对配伍减毒作用的物质基础。     

人参与五灵脂配伍对人参皂苷含量的影响

目的 通过测定人参、红参、生晒参与五灵脂以不同比例配伍后人参皂苷的含量变化,探讨“人参畏五灵脂”的作用机理。方法 采用Agilent Athena C₁₈色谱柱(4.6×250㎜, 5μm),以乙腈(A)-磷酸盐缓冲液(B, pH:6.8)为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL.min^_-1,柱温为25℃,检测波长为203 nm。结果 人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd进样量分别在0.0362~1.16μg(r=0.9985)、0.0371~1.19μg(r=0.9990)、0.0303~0.97(r=0.9914)、0.0350~1.12(r=0.9939)、0.0306~0.98(r=0.99973)、0.0303~0.97(r=0.9991)、0.0312~1.00(r=0.9991)内呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率RSD均小于3%,方法的稳定性、重复性和精密度均良好(RSD<3%)。 结论 人参、红参、生晒参与五灵脂配伍后7种人参皂苷含量显著下降,不同炮制方法的人参五灵脂配伍后,在比例为1:4时,Rb₁、Rb₂下降最大,达到90%,Rg₁含量减少最小,但也下降了70%以上。     

化症注射液的制备及质量控制

目的　探讨化症注射液的制备及质量控制方法。方法　 1用乙醇分别提取红参、大黄 ,并用酸碱法精制大黄醇提取液 ;用蒸馏法提取川芎得馏出液 ;用水提醇沉法提取附子、川芎及红参药渣。将各提液浓缩后 ,再以乙醇提取 ,浓缩回收乙醇 ,按一般注射剂工艺进行配制。 2采用比色法 ,以香草醛 -高氯酸为显色剂 ,在 6 5 0 nm波长处测定吸收度 ,计算出人参总皂苷的含量。结果　所配制化症注射液质量稳定。结论　该制剂制备工艺合理 ,质量控制方法可行     

响应曲面法优化人参总皂苷动态连续循环提取工艺

目的优化人参总皂苷的提取工艺。方法在单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、药材粒径、溶剂流速、浓缩温度对人参总皂苷转移率的影响基础上,通过响应曲面法对人参总皂苷动态连续循环提取工艺进行优化。结果人参总皂苷的含量与所考察3个因素之间关系符合二次回归模型。优化后人参总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为,乙醇体积分数78%,超微粉碎时间10min,溶剂流速24mL/min,浓缩温度65℃。人参总皂苷转移率为85.64%(P<0.0001),验证试验结果与预测值偏差为2.58%,说明该模型比较可靠。结论该方法科学、合理、可行,对人参总皂苷提取工艺应用于实际生产具有重要的参考价值。     

三七不同部位人参皂苷Rg1含量的比较

目的:测定三七不同部位中人参皂苷Rg1的含量。方法:选用云南文山产三七,用高效液相色谱法进行测定。结果:根茎中人参皂苷Rg1含量高。结论:三七不同部位人参皂苷Rg1的含量有较明显的差异。     

Comparison of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium

Medical application of Panax ginseng was first found in "Shen-Nong Herbal Classic"around 200 AD Panax quinquefolium was first introduced in "Essential of Materia Medica" in 1694 in China. The most important bioactive components contained in P ginseng and P quinquefolium are ginseng saponins (GS). The contents of ginsenoside Rb1, Re, and Rd in P quinquefolium are higher than they are in P ginseng. In P ginseng, the contents of Rg1,Rb2, and Rc are higher than they are in P quinquefolium. P ginseng had a higher ratio of Rg1: Rb1, and which was lower in P quinquefolium. After steaming for several hours, the total GS will decrease. However, some ginsenosides (Rg2, 20R-Rg2, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2) increase, while others (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) decrease. However, variation, especially in P quinquefolium, is high. P ginseng and P quinquefolium are general tonics and adaptogens. Rg1 and Rb1 enhance central nervous system (CNS) activities, but the effect of the latter is weaker. Thus, for the higher contents of Rg1, P ginseng is a stimulant, whereas the Rb1 contents of P quinquefolium are mainly calming to the CNS. Re, Rg1, panaxan A and B from P ginseng are good for diabetes. Re and Rg1 enhance angiogenesis, whereas Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit it. Rh2, an antitumor agent, can be obtained from Rb1 by steaming. The content of Re in P quinquefolium are higher than in P ginseng by 3-4 times. The vasorelax, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic effects of Re are reported. Thus, for the CNS "hot," wound healing and hypoglycemic effects, P ginseng is better than P quinquefolium. For anticancer effects, P quinquefolium is better.     

HPLC法测定复方皂矾丸中西洋参的含量

目的:建立复方皂矾丸中西洋含量测定测方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法同时测定西洋参中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rb1的含量.结果:高效液相色谱人参皂苷Rg1的线性范围是0.63～5.06 μg(r＝0.999 9),平均加样回收率101.12%(RSD＝2.14%),人参皂苷Re的线性范围是1.05～8.4 μg(r＝0.999 8),平均加样回收率100.71%(RSD＝1.57%),人参皂苷Rb1的线性范围是2.468～19.744μg(r＝0.999 7),平均加样回收率97.22%(RSD＝1.92%).结论:该方法操作简便、结果准确、重现性好,可用于复方皂矾丸中西洋参的含量测定.     

Drying of steamed Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots by microwave-hot air combination

Steamed Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots were dried by a combined microwave-hot air method in a modified experimental microwave oven. Hot air drying was used as a reference method. The drying time to achieve the desired moisture level (10%) as well as the ginsenoside contents and the color of the final product were determined. The ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Ro were analyzed by HPLC. Compared with hot air drying, the combined microwave-hot air drying method resulted in a substantial decrease (approximately 30-40%) in drying time and had little influence on the ginsenoside contents and the color of the final product.     

HPLC指纹图谱法测定不同粉碎度野山花旗参粉末中人参皂苷含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱法,测定野山花旗参100目、200目、1000目粉三种粉末中人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1的总含量,通过指纹图谱相似度比较,考察粉碎对野山花旗参中人参皂苷的影响。方法：采用梯度洗脱、HPLC测定三种粒径粉末的HPLC指纹图谱,计算主要药效成分人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1的含量,并进行比较,通过“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”评价三个样品的相似度。结果：野山花旗参100目、200目、1000目粉的主要有效成分人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1的总含量均大于3.96%,三种粉末的指纹图谱重叠率高,共有峰的相对保留时间吻合,与生成的对照指纹图谱相似度分别为0.946,0.979,0.970。结论：野山花旗参100目、200目与1000目粉的HPLC指纹图谱相似度大于0.946,化学成分的种类没有变化,主要有效成分人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1的总含量基本相等,野山花旗参超微粉碎成1000目粉,化学成分保持不变。     

仿生化提取人参皂苷类成分的初步研究

目的:对人参中的皂苷类成分进行仿生化提取。方法:以人参超微粉为原料,分别以仿生溶媒和水作为提取溶剂提取人参皂苷类成分。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定人参总皂苷的含量;高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re含量之和,并分析色谱图特征;以成分的提取率为指标比较仿生化和水提取法的优劣。结果:仿生化提取人参总皂苷的提取率为61.31%,人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总提取率为62.63%;水提取人参总皂苷的提取率为54.26%,人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总提取率为43.09%。结论:仿生化提取法对人参总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的提取效率高于水提取法,且仿生化提取物色谱图中显示有新成分产生。     

In vitro effect of standardized ginseng extracts and individual ginsenosides on the catalytic activity of human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1.

Ginseng extract has been reported to decrease the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated tumorigenesis in mice. A potential mechanism for this effect by ginseng is inhibition of DMBA-bioactivating cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. In the present in vitro study, we examined the effect of a standardized Panax ginseng (or Asian ginseng) extract (G115), a standardized Panax quinquefolius (or North American ginseng) extract (NAGE), and individual ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg1) on CYP1 catalytic activities, as assessed by 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation. G115 and NAGE decreased human recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Except for the competitive inhibition of CYP1A1 by G115, the mode of inhibition was the mixed-type in the other cases. A striking finding was that NAGE was 45-fold more potent than G115 in inhibiting CYP1A2. Compared with G115, NAGE also preferentially inhibited 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity in human liver microsomes. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg1, either individually or as a mixture and at the levels reflecting those found in an inhibitory concentration (100 microg/ml) of NAGE or G115, did not influence CYP1 activities. However, at a higher ginsenoside concentration (50 microg/ml), Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Rf inhibited these activities. Overall, our in vitro findings indicate that standardized NAGE and G115 extracts, which were not treated with calf serum or subjected to acid hydrolysis, inhibited CYP1 catalytic activity in an enzyme-selective and extract-specific manner, but the effects were not due to Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, or Rg1.     

疾病以及配伍对人参皂苷在大鼠体内的药动学影响

目的 建立SD大鼠血浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的HPLC分析方法,对比分析配伍白术挥发油前后,人参皂苷在慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠体内药动学特征。方法 SD大鼠分为4组,其中单用正常组和单用模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1,配伍正常组和配伍模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1和白术挥发油0.1 mL·kg^-1。于给药前和给药后不同时间点进行眼眶取血,采用HPLC测定各成分的血药浓度,并采用Winnolin 6.3软件计算其药动学参数。结果 与单用正常大鼠比较,单用模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1的C_max和AUC值降低,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT增加,人参皂苷Rb2和Rg1则呈现出AUC增加的变化;而配伍正常组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均缩短。与单用模型组大鼠比较,配伍模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均降低。结论 在相同给药剂量下,疾病状态机体对人参皂苷的吸收和代谢呈现缓慢趋势,而配伍后能促进皂苷成分在体内的吸收,同时加快代谢消除,为人参的临床用药提供参考依据。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定生脉注射液中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rb_1和五味子醇甲在健康人血浆的浓度

目的建立液相色谱-质谱联用法测定生脉注射液(心血管系统药)中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和五味子醇甲在健康人血浆的浓度。方法血浆样品用乙腈沉淀法处理,用电喷雾离子化和正离子多离子反应监测方法,检测人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和五味子醇甲。结果 Rg1、Re、Rb1和五味子醇甲的线性范围分别为0.64～509.000,.62～501.00,1.180～4725.00,0.10～153.00μg.L-1;定量下线分别为0.64,0.62,1.18,0.10μg.L-1;方法回收率分别为78.55%～91.65%7,8.57%～104.98%,79.62%～93.17%,82.50%～104.80%;日内、日间RSD值均小于15%。结论该法准确、灵敏、特异,适用于血浆中生脉注射液中4种成分浓度的同时测定。     

A comparative study on commercial samples of ginseng radix

A total of 37 commercial samples of Ginseng Radix, the origins of which belonged to Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, P. quinquefolia Linn. (American ginseng), and P. notoginseng Burkill (sanchi-ginseng), respectively, were collected from the Taiwan herbal markets. The contents of nine ginsenosides, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg(1), Rg(2), R(0), and three malonylginsenosides, mRb(1), mRb(2), mRc, in these samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the saponin contents in P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolia were generally higher than in P. ginseng. The ginsenosides that were of the highest contents in the white-ginseng, red-ginseng, and shihchu-ginseng samples of P. ginseng were Rb(1) and Rg(1); those in the root-hair of P. ginseng were Rb(1) and Re, those in P. notoginseng were Rb(1), Rg(1) and Rd, and those in P. quinquefolia were Rb(1), Re, and mRb(1). Among the samples, those of P. quinquefolia did not contain Rf and Rg(2), whilst those of shihehu-ginseng and red-ginseng of P. ginseng contained none or only traces of the malonylginsenosides. From the data of chemical analysis of a herb's constituents and its external appearance, we can postulate not only the quality but also the origin of the herb.     

正交试验优选心舒滴丸的制备工艺及含量测定方法研究

目的:优选心舒滴丸的制备工艺并建立其含量测定方法。方法:以溶散时间、丸重差异变异系数、综合得分为考察指标,清膏与基质质量比、PEG4000与PEG6000质量比、滴速、药液温度为考察因素,通过正交试验优选心舒滴丸的制备工艺。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re的含量。色谱柱为Diamond C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(梯度洗脱),流速为1 ml/min,检测波长为203 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:优选制备工艺为清膏与基质质量比为1∶3,PEG4000与PEG6000质量比为1∶1.5,滴速为50滴/min,药液温度为80℃。心舒滴丸丸重差异变异系数为1.72%,平均溶散时间为3.5 min。人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re的进样量分别在1.005⁶.030、1.1026.030、1.102⁶.612、1.0336.612、1.033⁶.198μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 7,n=6)。人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Re的重复性、稳定性、精密度、加样回收率试验的RSD<2%。结论:本研究优选出的心舒滴丸制备工艺合理、稳定、可行,含量测定方法专属性强,可用于该制剂的质量控制。