经鼻安放气道支架治疗恶性气管支气管狭窄

[目的]评价经鼻安放气道支架治疗恶性肿瘤引起的气管支气管狭窄的可行性和疗效.[方法]17例肺癌、食管癌等恶性肿瘤压迫或侵犯气管、支气管,引起气道狭窄和呼吸困难,在X线透视下由纤支镜配合进行,经鼻植入国产镍钛自扩型Wallstent支架.6例患者进行了后续的支气管动脉灌注化疗或放疗.[结果]10例狭窄位于主气管,置入支架10个;7例狭窄位于气管-支气管(4例)或支气管(3例)共置入支架11个.所有患者呼吸困难立即缓解.3例失访.8例未进行后续抗肿瘤治疗者生存时间45～90天,平均73天.6例术后进行放疗或支气管动脉灌注化疗者生存时间110天～1年6个月,平均12个月.[结论]在X线透视下由纤支镜配合经鼻行气道支架放置术优越性较多.国产气管支气管支架能缓解晚期恶性肿瘤引起的呼吸困难,改善生活质量;需结合后续的抗肿瘤治疗才能延长生存时间.     

金属支架在气管支气管狭窄中的应用现状

自１９８６年Ｗａｌｌａｃｅ等报告应用金属自扩支架成功治疗气管狭窄以来 ,随着材料科学的发展以及介入放射学的蓬勃兴起、内镜技术的普遍应用 ,一些早期应用于血管的自扩金属支架（Ｓｅｌｆｅｘｐａｎｄａｂｌｅｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｓｔｅｎｔ，ＳＥＭＳ）,在国外已较广泛应用于气管狭窄的治疗 ,近年来 ,国内亦有不少ＳＥＭＳ的研制及应用报告。到目前为止 ,全世界报告超过３０００例 ,国内亦不少于２００例。下面就ＳＥＭＳ的应用情况作一综述。１支架的分类目前市售及正在研制的金属支架种类繁多。按制造的材料可分成不锈钢支架（如Ｇｉａ…     

经鼻置入气道支架治疗气管支气管狭窄

目的 探讨记忆镍钛合金支架治疗气管支气管狭窄的疗效。方法 在Ｘ线监视下,经纤维支气管镜放置合金支架治疗气管支气管狭窄患者４２例,并观察放置合金支架前、后患者血氧饱和度的变化。结果 本组４２例患者经放置合金支架后,显效３２例,患者狭窄管腔直径显著增加,通气功能明显改善,血氧饱和度较术前显著提高（Ｐ〈０．００１）,生活质量明显改善。结论 记忆镍钛合金支架是治疗气管支气管狭窄的一种有效、安全和可靠的方法     

金属内支架留置术治疗气管恶性狭窄

「目的」评价金属内支架留置术在治疗气管恶性狭窄的临床应用及效果。「方法」本组７例为食管癌所致气管、支气管狭窄，其中２例为完全性食管梗阻伴食管气管瘘。在Ｘ线电视透视下经纤支镜送入导引钢丝和定位后，将金属内支架植入气管狭窄段。「结果」７例病人中６例一次放置成功，另１例放置过程中支架移至声门上，用气管异物钳夹出支架后，再次放置成功。支架放置后病人通气状况得以及时改善，立即转为正常呼吸，近期观察无并发症。「结论」金属内支架留置术操作简单、安全，对解除支气管恶性狭窄造成的通气障碍具有立竿见影的效果。     

恶性支气管狭窄的激光切除及支架置入疗法

综述了因食管癌复发而引起的支气管狭窄的激光切除、放疗以及支架置入疗法及其适应证。     

自膨式网状金属支架治疗恶性食管狭窄

自膨式网状金属支架治疗恶性食管狭窄沙莉恶性食管病变所致的食管狭窄早期可以采用手术切除病灶、重建消化道达根治目的，使病人症状得到改善。对于晚期病例、高龄患者以及伴全身重要脏器严重并发症而不能承受根治手术的患者，为解决进行性食管狭窄所致梗阻，近年来国内外...     

气管支架置入术治疗肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄

背景与目的:肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄,情况危急,对于此类患者实行金属气管支架置入术,有助解除患者呼吸困难,为进一步治疗争取时间。本研究旨在探讨其临床应用效果及并发症处理。方法:52例由肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄患者在纤维支气管镜引导下,置入镍钛合金(Ni-Ti)支架。结果:52例患者支架放置成功,患者呼吸困难明显改善,术前PaO2、PaCO2、KPS值分别为(7.74±0.99)kPa、(5.37±0.39)kPa、68.85±8.08,术后PaO2、PaCO2、KPS值分别为(11.12±0.61)kPa、(4.58±0.30)kPa、84.62±5.03(P<0.01);术后并发症经对症处理后,均取得较好的疗效。结论:气管支架置入术对于肿瘤局部压迫、侵犯大气道而引起的急性呼吸困难是一种较好的姑息性治疗手段,可以挽救患者的生命,提高晚期肿瘤患者生活质量,为肿瘤患者进一步治疗创造机会。     

食管癌性狭窄及食管支气管瘘自膨式金属支架治疗的疗效观察

本文报道２３个带有硅酮被膜自膨式金属Ｇ－ＲＺ型内支架在１８例食管癌性狭窄和食管支气管瘘中的应用结果。在Ｘ线透视下经口腔放置，全部成功，未发现技术性并发症或死亡。放置２４－４８小时后，吞咽程度由术前平均３．５级降至０．５级，均能进普食或软食。全组４例出现并发症，其中２例内支架移位，２例食物嵌塞。随访观察１－６个月，１６例仍存活，２例死于心衰和肿瘤转移。内支架均保持通畅。结果提示，食管自膨式金属内支架     

恶性气管、支气管狭窄支架置入后放化疗联合与单纯化疗的疗效观察

目的 评价气管内支架置入术后放化疗联合与单纯化疗治疗恶性肿瘤引起的气管、支气管狭窄的临床可行性和疗效.方法 53例肺癌、食管癌等恶性肿瘤压迫或侵犯气管、支气管引起气道狭窄伴呼吸困难行气管内支架置入术患者随机分组.比较术后化疗组(化疗组)和放化疗联合组(放化组)患者的生存率和并发症发生率.结果 放化组1、3、6、12、18个月的生存率分别为:88.00%、76.00%、52.00%、36.00%、24.00%,化疗组分别为85.71%、32.14%、17.86%、10.71%、3.57%.两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);放化组并发症发生率高于化疗组.但支架内肿瘤增生性阻塞的发生率降低.结论 气管内支架置入术后行放化疗联合能提高部分患者生存率,但并发症总体发生率提高.     

气道恶性狭窄的内支架介入治疗

目的：探讨经纤支镜置入国产镍钛记忆支架（NT）。在气道恶性狭窄中姑息治疗作用及内支架的置留技术。方法：12例患者均为中晚期肺癌。临床上均有不同程度的呼吸困难。采用纤支镜X线检查,确定病变范围,气道狭窄程度、确定支架型号,置入NiTi支架并确定放置时间。结果：全部病例气道内支架留置均获得成功,狭窄气道被不同程度撑开,患者呼吸困难,喘鸣、窒息感等在支架留置后即刻改善,姑且访中1例术后72小时死于恶性心包填塞,余11例随访1-8月生存质量良好。随访复查,X线或纤支镜检查,支架无移位或阻塞现象。结论：经纤支镜放置国产NiTi支架治疗气道狭窄安全有效,能明显提高患者的生存质量。     

食管带膜自扩金属支架姑息治疗晚期食管癌

目的：观察和评价Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｚ食管带膜自扩金属支架姑息治疗晚期食管癌吞咽梗阻或合并食管呼吸道瘘／纵隔瘘的疗效及并发症。材料和方法：在Ｘ光及金属食管镜指引下，应用Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｚ食管带膜金属支架姑息治疗晚期食管癌１５例，其中６例合并食管呼吸道瘘，２例食管纵隔瘘。食管扩张器扩张后，安放入支架１６个，长６～１４ｃｍ，直径１８ｍｍ。结果：全部支架安放成功，进入预定位置，支架扩张满意。吞咽困难评级（０～４级）平均从３．３８±０．４０级降至１．１３±０．１４级，食管呼吸道瘘／纵隔瘘被阻断，生活质量评分（Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ评分）平均提高２８．４±５．１２。无出血穿孔等严重并发症，６例出现短期胸骨后痛，１例支架下端肿瘤过长，需安放与第一个支架部分重叠的第２个支架。随访至１９９７年３月，１２例死亡，平均生存４．１０±０．８２月，２例仍存活分别已生存４、３月。结论：Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｚ食管带膜自扩金属支架用于姑息治疗恶性食管梗阻，食管呼吸道瘘／纵隔瘘，操作简单、安全、姑息效果好，并发症少，生活质量明显提高。     

国产镍钛支架治疗气道狭窄

目的　评价国产镍钛合金气管支架治疗气管支气管良恶性狭窄的疗效。方法　气管、支气管良恶性狭窄13例 ,狭窄部位 :气管 5例、气管主支气管 6例 ,主支气管 2例 ,经纤支镜和X线合用共放置 15枚支架。结果　全部支架均放置成功 ,呼吸困难改善 ,死亡病例平均存活时间 11.4个月 ,1例仍存活。结论　经纤支镜和X线合用 ,植入国产镍钛合金支架是治疗气管、支气管良恶性狭窄的有效方法。     

Cost-effectiveness of self-expandable metallic stents as bridge to surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer

International Journal of Clinical Oncology - Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is an emergent decompression approach for patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, alongside...     

The use of self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant bowel obstruction

Palliation of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction is a major aspect of oncology. We assessed the efficacy of stents in the palliation of gastric outlet, duodenal and colonic obstruction. We undertook a retrospective study of 35 consecutive patients who were referred for stent insertion with palliative intent from June, 1999 to March, 2003. Thirty-two stents were successfully placed in 30 patients. Technical success rate was 86% (30/35 patients). Of the patients who had successful insertion, 83% had complete relief of symptoms. In 1 patient the stent failed to expand. There was no procedure related mortality. Median survival was 1.6 months (range, 0-14.8). The conclusion was that self-expandable metal stents provide an effective method of palliation in malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, with high clinical and technical success rates and low complication rates.     

食管癌放疗后瘘支架安置术死因分析

目的：分析5例食管癌放疗后发生瘘的患者行支架治疗的死亡原因。方法：回顾性分析食管癌支架治疗的并发症和死亡原因。结果：5例患者均成功封堵瘘口，提高了生活质量，但均因并发症而在短期内死亡。结论：食管癌放疗后瘘一旦发牛，治疗棘手，行支架治疗必须慎重考虑。     

Clinical outcome of the use of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) for palliation of patients with malignant upper GI obstruction caused by incurable gastric cancer

Ten patients with malignant upper gastrointestinal obstruction caused by incurable gastric cancer underwent an endoscopic placement of self-expandable metallic stents for palliation. There were 6 male and 4 female patients aged 39-98 (median, 65.5). The site of obstruction was the cardia in 2, the pylorus in 4, the duodenum in 1, and surgical anastomosis in 3 patients. All the patients were unable to take food orally. Stent deployment was technically successful in all patients. After the stent insertion, 80% of patients resumed solid diet. The median survival time after the insertion was 129 days. The median length of home stay after the procedure was 54.5 days. Although chemotherapy was added in 5 patients after the insertion, there were no significant differences either in survival time or in home stay between the patients with and without chemotherapy. No procedure-related mortality was observed. Mediastinitis occurred in 1 patient, and the remaining 9 patients had no serious complications. Stent migration was observed in 2 patients, and stent occlusion due to tumor ingrowth occurred in 4 patients.     

A case of malignant gastric outlet stenosis palliated with self-expandable metallic stent and responding to TS-1, an oral fluorouracil derivative

We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with antral stenosis that responded to an oral anticancer agent, TS-1, after metallic stent insertion. A 59 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal distension and vomiting after meals. The diagnosis was advanced gastric cancer with antral stenosis and multiple liver metastases. FP therapy (CDDP 80 mg/m2 day 1 div, 5-FU 700 mg/m2 day 1-5 continuous div) was administered. Although endoscopic findings showed improvement after the first course, the condition of the patient did not improve. We therefore inserted a self-expandable metallic stent into the antral stenosis. After implantation, the patient was able to have regular meals, leave the hospital and return to work. TS-1 (120 mg daily), an oral fluorouracil derivative, was administered in the outpatient setting. A partial response (PR) was obtained after 2 courses with regression of multiple liver metastases and the primary tumor.     

Evaluation of the endoprosthesis by metallic stent and tube stent for malignant biliary stenosis

We evaluated the effect of biliary endoprotheses for 20 malignant stenosis patients by an expandable metallic stent and hydrophilic heparinized tube (H-PSD) connected to an implantable port (IP), which reduces bacterial adherence. Group A consisted of 6 patients of cholangiocarcinoma who underwent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy associated with radiotherapy. Groups B and C consisted of 8 and 6 patients of stage IVa and IVb pancreatic carcinoma, respectively, who underwent hepatic and splenic arterial infusion chemotherapy following transcatheter peripancreatic arterial embolization. The 50% patent time was 12 months, 6 months and 7 months in groups A, B and C and the 50% overall survival time was 16 months, 23 months and 13 months, respectively. There were two complications, 1 case of infection around the IP in which the IP was withdrawn, and 3 cases of cholangitis in which we had easy access to the bile duct via IP. This technique appears to offer significant benefit in selecting patients with this type of biliary obstruction.     

金属内支架治疗食管恶性狭窄并发症的分析

为探讨食管支架置入术后的并发症和对策,对126例严重食管狭窄及食管癌合并有瘘的患者给予食管内支架治疗,术前先扩张狭窄部位,术后部分患者辅以放疗。126例患者均置入成功,近期疗效良好,术后主要并发症有胸骨后疼痛、胃食管反流、食管气管瘘、支架置入后再狭窄、支架移位脱落和心律失常,这些症状经治疗后大都得到缓解或消失。初步研究结果提示,食管支架是治疗食管狭窄的有效方法,其并发症可采取防范措施,术后给予辅助治疗可减少或防止再狭窄的产生,对放疗后食管狭窄的病例放置支架应有所选择。