170例小儿急性白血病首诊时周围血象分析

目的 探讨首诊时外周血象对白血病诊断、治疗时的指导意义。方法 回顾10余年我院就诊的170例白血病患儿首诊时外周血象的变化。用法国产Hemacell Plus全自动血液细胞分析仪在严格质量控制下于首次抽骨髓前,由专人采取指尖血对170例急性白血病(AL)患儿首诊时进行周围血象中的白细胞、血小板计数及血红蛋白测定及幼稚细胞检查,并对结果进行了统计分析。结果 发现大部分患儿血小板计数中重度减少(BPC≤50×109／L 120例,占70.59％)、白细胞数多为减低或接近正常(WBC≤10×109／L 91例占53.53％)、多为中重度贫血(Hb≤90 g／L 148例占87.06％)。170例中有54例外周血片中可检出幼稚细胞,占31.76％。结论 小儿急性AL时血小板不同程度减低(占87％),呈中、重度贫血(占87.06％)。WBC多减低或接近正常(53.53％)。血片中检出幼稚细胞率(31.76％)。认为AL时外周血细胞数的变化可能与白血病细胞的类型、数量及其形成的张力对髓血屏障的累积程度以及骨髓基质细胞的功能等因素有关。     

Value of flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples in children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Diagnostic procedures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are typically performed under general anesthesia. Anticipation of the diagnosis based on findings in peripheral blood allows scheduling of the first dose of intrathecal chemotherapy and diagnostic bone marrow (BM) aspirate during a single anesthetic. We retrospectively compared paired results of peripheral blood (PB) flow cytometric analysis and BM evaluation in 383 children with ALL diagnosed consecutively at a single center and found very high concordance of results between both tests. We conclude that PB flow cytometry may help streamline planning of procedure‐related anesthetics during diagnosis and early treatment of childhood ALL.     

The effect of a lymphotoxic factor from patients with multiple sclerosis on acute lymphosarcoma cell leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Eight patients with acute lymphosarcoma cell leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia received infusions of plasma containing a lymphotoxic factor. The lymphotoxic factor induced a transient fall in the number of “blast” cell forms in the peripheral blood in six of the eight patients but did not produce sustained remissions. Previous investigations have demonstrated that this lymphotoxic factor, found in the plasma of patients with active multiple sclerosis, is of low molecular weight and does not have the properties normally associated with an antibody. This factor appears to selectively interfere with ribonucleic acid synthesis in the thymusderived lymphocyte. Lymphotoxic factor activity was demonstrated in the serum of one patient during a remission in leukemia induced by a viral illness.     

儿童急性白血病淋巴细胞变化与化疗和感染相关性探讨

目的 分析儿童急性白血病化疗后外周血中淋巴细胞的变化,探讨淋巴细胞值异常与患儿继发免疫紊乱,导致感染及重症感染发生之间的关系。方法 急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)27例,急性髓性白血病(AML)9例,经化疗骨髓持续缓解(CCR)9-12个月和21-24个月,外周血白细胞≥4.0×109／L时,用流式细胞仪、单克隆抗体(美国BD公司)分别检测患儿外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16／56+细胞的百分数,进行统计分析。结果 1.随着化疗次数的增加,机体的免疫活性细胞会受到不同程度损害,T细胞亚群的比例明显失调,CD4+细胞百分数下降(P<0.01),CD8+细胞百分数上升(P<0.05),CD4+／CD8+细胞比值严重倒置(P<0.01),CD19+细胞百分数下降(P<0.05),临床上常见白血病患儿易感染和多发严重感染亦与此有关。2.CD16／56+标记的自然杀伤细胞并不随化疗次数增加而有变化(P>0.05),在白血病的治疗中有重要意义。3.AML外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+／CD8+、CD19+、CD16+／56+细胞百分数无改变(P>0.05)。结论 ALL患儿免疫活性细胞随着化疗次数的增加受到明显影响,有必要尽早进行免疫干预治疗,以提高患儿机体的免疫功能,以增强抗感染能力,恢复机体的免疫监督能力。对CD19+细胞减少,在感染发生时,给与丙种球蛋白,可减轻感染程度。     

无关脐血移植治疗儿童高危急性白血病临床研究

目的　探讨无关脐血移植 (UD UCBT)治疗儿童高危急性白血病的疗效及合并症。方法　采用UD UCBT治疗儿童高危急性白血病 5例 ,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 2例 ,急性混合性白血病 (HAL) 1例 ,慢性粒细胞白血病 (CML)急淋变 1例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (Ⅳ期 )第 2次完全缓解 (CR2 ) 1例。人类白细胞相关抗原(HLA) 5 / 6个位点相合 3例 ,6 / 6个位点相合 2例。输入脐血 (UCB)有核细胞数为 (4 9～ 11 78)× 10 7/kg。结果　 5例患儿中 4例获得造血重建。白细胞恢复至 1 0× 10 9/L以上所需时间为 13～ 18d ,与异基因骨髓移植无明显差别 ;但血小板恢复延迟 ,恢复至 2 0× 10 9/L以上所需时间为 4 5～ 6 0d。 4例获得造血重建患儿中 ,2例发生Ⅰ度急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD) ,Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度aGVHD各 1例。aGVHD出现较早 (在脐血输注后 4～ 10d)。但增加环孢素A(CsA)剂量 ,加用甲基泼尼松龙治疗 ,aGVHD容易控制。结论　UD UCBT可有效重建造血 ,但血小板恢复延迟。严重aGVHD的发生与HLA不相合位点数目无关。在疾病的恢复稳定状态进行移植治疗 ,可望获得更好的远期疗效。     

Use of micronutrients and alternative drugs by children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The use of alternative therapies is thought to be common among cancer patients. To clarify the popularity of micronutrients among children with cancer, we performed a controlled follow-up survey. The use of micronutrients and alternative drugs by 15 families of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy (62 members) and 26 control families (106 members) was monitored by means of daily diaries from November 1987 to December 1989. Forty percent of children with ALL (6 of 15) and 7.7% of their controls (2 of 26) took alternative medicines, the usage among the children with ALL being statistically significantly more common (difference, 32.3%; 95% confidence interval for difference [Cl] 7.1 57.5%; P < 0.04). All children with ALL and 50.0% of the control children (13 of 26) took vitamins (difference, 50.0%; 95% Cl, 20.4–79.6%; P < 0.01). A total of 27.7% of the other members of the ALL families (13 of 47) and 11.1% of their counterparts in the control families (10 of 90) took alternative medicines, the usage in the index families being statistically significantly more common (difference, 16.6%; 95% Cl, 3.4–29.7%; P < 0.03). The malignancy increased the use of alternative medicines among all members of the family and of vitamins and trace elements among the affected children. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 28:205–208 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Marked increase of peripheral blood myeloblasts following G-CSF therapy in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A 9 year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and showed a marked increment of myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. He was administered repeated courses of intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) therapy (1500 mg/m², days 1–5) for frequent central nervous system (CNS) relapse of ALL. The peripheral white blood cell nadir was less than 1000/μL, so he was treated with rhG-CSF. A marked increment of peripheral blood blasts was noted 3–5 days after rhG-CSF treatment. These cells decreased with the appearance of mature myeloid cells and disappeared about 2 weeks after the start of treatment. These findings suggested that the blasts might have the ability to differentiate into mature myeloid cells. A control patient with repeated CNS relapse of ALL showed no increment of peripheral blood blasts after similar repeated courses of Ara-C without rhG-CSF treatment. Cultured peripheral blood blasts obtained from the present patient showed differentiation into mature myeloid cells by morphological studies and surface marker analysis. These findings indicate that the peripheral blood blasts drawn by G-CSF were not leukemic blasts but normal myeloblasts.     

急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平测定及临床意义

为探讨急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平及意义 ,采用流式细胞技术测定 90例急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞水平。结果 ,急性白血病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD4+ CD8+ 均明显低于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,CD8+ 高于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,NK细胞 (CD1 6+ 56+ )明显低于对照组水平 (P <0 0 1) ,经治疗缓解者T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞达正常水平。结果表明 ,T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞可作为急性白血病辅助诊断指标 ,为临床治疗提供实验依据     

急性白血病患儿CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞和NK细胞免疫作用探讨

目的观察外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Treg)及自然杀伤细胞(na-ture killer cell,NK)在白血病患儿及非白血病患儿的不同,了解白血病患儿的免疫状态,探讨CD4+CD25+Treg细胞及NK细胞在小儿急性白血病肿瘤免疫中的意义。方法以流式细胞术检测急性白血病初诊患儿及非白血病患儿各30例的外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞、NK细胞的数量及比例。结果外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例白血病组为(11.45±1.41)%,显著高于对照组为(6.98±1.09)%(P<0.05)。而NK细胞数量白血病组为(5.13±2.97)%,显著低于对照组为(15.06±3.91)%(P<0.05)。结论 (1)急性白血病患儿外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞数量升高,NK细胞数量降低,表明急性白血病患儿NK细胞免疫功能处于抑制状态。CD4+CD25+Treg细胞可能在白血病的发生、发展中起一定作用。(2)通过检测CD4+CD25+CD127-T细胞可较好的反映CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的比例,简便可行、重复性好、检测结果准确、可靠。     

Transplanted peripheral blood stem cells, mobilized by chemotherapy alone, can induce persistent hematopoiesis in children with acute leukemia

Three patients with leukemia were transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by in tensification or maintenance chemotherapy alone. They maintained persistent reconstituted hematopoiesis for at least 9 years. The experience provides evidence that long-term marrow repopulating cells can be mobilized into the blood to an adequate repopulating extent by chemotherapy alone.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗中大剂量甲氨蝶呤血药浓度影响因素分析

目的探讨大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HDMTX)在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗中各时间点的血药浓度与患儿病理生理状态的关系,发现影响药物体内消除因素,为甲氨蝶呤群体药动学研究提供线索,为临床治疗提供依据。方法89例ALL患儿接受HDMTX化疗,观察内容包括患儿性别、年龄(按月)、体重、身高、体表面积、单位体表面积MTX用量、血药浓度、化疗前肝、肾功能、单位体表面积液体出量、对应PH等逐一进行对比,分析各因素对MTX消除影响。结果高剂量组在24h、36h、42h、48h时药物浓度显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);体型偏瘦患儿药物体内消除明显快于体型偏胖者(P<0.05);单位体表面积液体出量高的患儿MTX排泄相对快,表现在42h,48h,72h,96h药物浓度明显低(P<0.05),统计48h药物浓度大于1.2μmol/L事件:低出量组33例,高出量组21例,有统计学差异(χ2=4.39)。液体排出量明显影响药物体内消除;血清蛋白偏高组24h、36h、48h、72h、96h血药浓度低于蛋白偏低组,在24h、36h、48h有统计学意义(P<0.05);患儿性别、年龄与血药浓度无相关性,不影响药物在体内的消除。结论甲氨蝶呤量、患儿体型、液体出量、肝功等明显影响MTX体内消除。