Anti-inflammatory Effects of Z-Ligustilide Nanoemulsion

The Z-ligustilide (LIG) was studied for its anti-inflammatory activities with prepared LIG nanoemulsions (LIGNE). Healthy male adult Wistar rats were used in the study. Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced by a footpad injection of 200 μg lipopolysaccharide. EIU rats were administered orally with saline, LIG (20 mg/kg/day), and LIGNE (20 mg LIG /kg/day), respectively. Twenty-four hours later, rats were euthanized, and blood was collected from either right marginal ear vein to estimate inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators. The drug dissolution profiles of LIGNE in both phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 0.1 N HCl showed complete dissolution within 20 min. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested a significant increase (P?<?0.0001) in the C _pmax and AUC_{0→24 h} were observed in the LIGNE group when compared with the LIG group. LIGNE significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, vascular endothelial growth factor alpha, and interleukin-17. The anti-inflammatory animal testing revealed that LIGNE led to an improvement in oral bioavailability.     

Effect of Ginseng Mixture on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

In this study, the authors have characterized the effect of HER-S (red ginseng, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Phyllostachys folium, and soybean extracts) on osteoporosis-associated phenomena in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by measuring body weights and bone histomorphometries in control, sham, OVX, OVX(β-estradiol–treated), and OVX(HER-S–treated) rats. Light microscopic analyses showed a porous or eroded appearance on the femoral trabecular bone surface in OVX rats, whereas the femoral trabecular bone surfaces of the other groups (control, sham, OVX(17β-estradiol–treated), and OVX(HER-S–treated) rats) were composed of fine particles. The femoral trabecular bone area and number were decreased in OVX rats, but these reductions were significantly prevented by the administration of HER-S for 7 weeks, similar to estrogen. In the blood biochemistry results, serum phosphorus, calcium, T₃, and T₄ remained unchanged, but blood estrogen levels were significantly increased in HER-S–treated rats, which suggests that estrogen is related to the mechanism of the HER-S–induced antiosteoporosis function in OVX rats.     

Prevention of Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats: The Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Extracts

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SMEs) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was studied in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or SMEs-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMEs-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMEs for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMEs for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T₃ was normal in all cases, whereas free T₄ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMEs-administered rats in T₃ level, we have found significant difference between them in T₄ level. These results strongly suggest that SMEs are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.     

Modulatory Effect of 8-OH-DPAT on Behavior of Ovariectomized Female Rats

Behavior of ovariectomized rats was studied after chronic administration of serotonin 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT alone or in combination with 17beta-estradiol for 14 days. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT on learning was evaluated in the conditioned passive avoidance task. Behavioral activity in elevated plus-maze and open field was recorded. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT to ovariectomized female rats increased the number of entries into open arms of the maze and the time spent there. Combination treatment of ovariectomized animals with 8-OH-DPAT and 17beta-estradiol decreased total locomotor and emotional activity in the open field. Administration of 8-OH-DPAT alone or in combination with 17beta-estradiol improved performance of the conditioned passive avoidance response.     

Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effect of p-Coumaric Acid, a Common Dietary Polyphenol on Experimental Inflammation in Rats

In this study, p-coumaric acid was evaluated for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. The immunomodulatory effect of p-coumaric acid (100 mg/kg body weight) was assessed by evaluating its effect on cell-mediated immune responses (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction), serum immunoglobulin levels, and macrophage phagocytic index in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of p-coumaric acid (100 mg/kg body weight) were investigated by examining its effect on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in synovial tissue by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and circulating immune complexes in serum of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The increased cell-mediated immune responses and macrophage phagocytic index observed in control rats were significantly reduced (p?<?0.05) upon treatment with p-coumaric acid implying its immunosuppressive property, whereas serum immunoglobulin levels were found to be increased in p-coumaric acid treated control rats. p-coumaric acid also showed significant (p?<?0.05) anti-inflammatory effects in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by effecting a decrease in the expression of inflammatory mediator TNF-α and circulating immune complexes. Indomethacin was used as a reference drug for anti-inflammatory studies. Thus, our results show that p-coumaric acid could be considered a potential immunosuppressive agent in treating autoimmune inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.     

Placenta Hominis Protects Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

In China, Japan, and Korea, placenta hominis extracts (PHEs) are used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis. The anti-osteoporotic effect of PHEs was studied. The trabecular bone area and thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham-operated rats; these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of PHEs for 7 weeks. Osteoclast numbers and the osteoblast surface were enhanced in OVX rats, but PHEs had no effect on these phenomena. Serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in OVX rats increased compared to those in sham-operated rats, but the increases were not affected by the administration of PHEs. Thyroxine (T₄) level was stimulated in OVX rats. The extracts inhibited the T₄ level in the OVX rats. These results strongly suggest that PHEs be effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.     

Effect of High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Chitosan on the Trabecular Bone and Thickness in Ovariectomized Rats

High molecular weight water-soluble chitosan(WSC), having an average molecular weight of 300,000 Da and a degree of deacethylation over 90%, can be produced using a simple multi-step membrane separation process. In this study, the trabecular bone area and thickness in ovariectomized(OVX) rats decreased by almost 50% from those in sham-operated rats. WSC was evaluated for inhibition of the progress of bone loss induced by OVX rats. We measured bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or WSC-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham-operated rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of WSC at a concentration of 15 mg/kg/daily for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of WSC for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T₃ was normal in all cases, whereas free T₄ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and WSC-administered rats in T₃ level, we have found significant difference between them in T₄ level. These results strongly suggest that WSC is effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.     

Effect of High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Chitosan on the Trabecular Bone and Thickness in Ovariectomized Rats

High molecular weight water-soluble chitosan(WSC), having an average molecular weight of 300,000 Da and a degree of deacethylation over 90%, can be produced using a simple multi-step membrane separation process. In this study, the trabecular bone area and thickness in ovariectomized(OVX) rats decreased by almost 50% from those in sham-operated rats. WSC was evaluated for inhibition of the progress of bone loss induced by OVX rats. We measured bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or WSC-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham-operated rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of WSC at a concentration of 15 mg/kg/daily for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of WSC for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T₃ was normal in all cases, whereas free T₄ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and WSC-administered rats in T₃ level, we have found significant difference between them in T₄ level. These results strongly suggest that WSC is effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.     

切除卵巢大鼠脑内单胺类含量及应激的影响

本文观察了切除卵巢（ＯＶＸ）大鼠脑内单胺类含量的变变以及应激对这些变化的影响。结果：ＯＶＸ鼠血清雌激素水平明显下降，睾酮含量不变，体重呈明显上升趋势。在应激条件下，正常鼠下丘脑去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）含量不变，ＯＶＸ鼠明显下降。应激使正常鼠纹状体多巴胺（ＤＡ）含量明显下降，其水平与未应激的ＯＶＳ鼠相同，而ＯＶＳ鼠于应激前后无明显改变。提示雌激素撤退有可能改变机体对应激的反应性和适应性。     

XW630促进去势大鼠骨组织中雌激素受体表达的研究

我们首次采用现代放免分析技术和免疫组织化学方法，对去势大鼠骨组织中ER的表达进行了定量和定位研究。结果显示：XW630具有促进去势大鼠骨组织中ER含量及其免疫表达的作用，其作用优于雌酚酮；OVX大鼠骨组织中ER表达随时间推移而降低，提示ER的表达依赖于雌激素的存在。     

电针对实验性关节炎大鼠外周微循环的影响

实验性关节炎大鼠分为电针组１２只，对照组１０只。以足背及耳廓微循环、足踝周径和足皮温为指标观察电针的治疗作用。结果发现其各项指标异常改变明显，电针组恢复均比对照组出现早而快。提示电针对大鼠实验性关节炎有治疗作用，因而就其机理进行了初步探讨。     

川芎嗪对急性胰腺炎大鼠细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究川芎嗪(TMP)对急性胰腺炎(AP)血栓形成、组织病理变化、氧自由基和细胞凋亡的影响机制。方法:采用十二指肠胆胰管逆行加压注射5%牛磺胆酸钠的方法制备大鼠AP模型,动态观察TMP治疗前后大鼠血栓烷A2/前列环素代谢产物血栓烷B2/6-酮-前列腺素F1α(TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α)比值(T/P)、血浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、淀粉酶(AMY)等各项指标;通过观察胰腺组织的病理形态进行病理评分;采用TUNEL法评价胰腺细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果:经TMP治疗后,大鼠T/P值明显降低,血清SOD水平升高,MDA水平降低;胰腺组织病理评分为4.85±0.98(6h),AI为9.88±0.98(6h),与AP组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:TMP对AP的治疗作用与其纠正血栓烷A2/前列环素I2失衡,改善AP大鼠微循环,减少自由基造成的损伤,诱导细胞凋亡,减少胰腺细胞坏死有关。     

氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖对去势大鼠血液生化指标的影响

目的:探讨氨基葡萄糖(GLC)和壳寡糖(COS)对去势大鼠动物模型血液生化指标的影响,进一步研究其抗骨质疏松的作用,以期为临床骨质疏松的防治和新药、功能性食品开发提供理论和实验依据。方法:通过切除3月龄雌性大鼠双侧卵巢复制绝经骨质疏松动物模型,每日分别给予不同剂量的氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖,心脏取血观察血清生化指标的变化。结果:模型组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、肌酐(Cr)都明显升高,氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖中剂量(0.25g/kg)能明显降低上述6个指标的水平(P<0.05)。结论:氨基葡萄糖和壳寡糖对去势大鼠过高的骨转换有明显的抑制作用,并能提高骨再建能力,对去卵巢致骨质疏松有明显的对抗作用。     

力学加载大小对去势大鼠骨组织形态计量学影响的实验研究

观察不同强度的力学加载对去势大鼠骨组织形态计量学参数的影响。取35只9月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为5组,即假手术组,去势对照组,去势加载1N组、去势加载2N组、去势加载4N组。加载组大鼠加载4周后处死,取胫骨上端松质骨进行树脂包埋,不脱钙切片。观察骨组织形态计量学参数。结果表明：加载组大鼠的骨小梁面积百分率、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量明显高于去势对照组,骨小梁分离度明显低于去势对照组。动态参数显示,去势组大鼠的骨转换明显高于去势加载组和假手术组。随着载荷的增加,大鼠骨形态计量学的各个参数和骨的微观结构均有所改善。说明力学加载对去势大鼠骨组织微观结构有较大的改善,能够有效地减少骨量的丢失,减缓由于去势引起的骨质疏松的进程。     

外加电场对实验性大鼠脊髓损伤作用的研究

目的:探讨脊髓损伤后外加电场(electric fields,EF)对脊髓血流量(spinal cord blod flow,SCBF)及神经功能的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为对照组(CON组)和EF治疗组(EF组)。Allen's打击法50 gcm(5 g×10 m)致伤大鼠L1～L2段脊髓,给予EF治疗,于伤前、伤后即刻、1、3、6、24 h分别记录T12段脊髓血流量、脊髓感觉诱发电位。术后7、14天行联合行为评分(CBS)。结果:与盐水对照组比较,应用EF后,大鼠SCBF、SEP明显优于CON组(P<0.05)。结论:EF能有效改善损伤早期脊髓微循环,保护脊髓神经功能。