替罗非班对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心肌灌注及疗效的影响

目的探讨替罗非班对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心肌灌注及疗效的影响。方法收集我院2005年6月至2006年4月因急性心肌梗死(AMI)住院的患者105例,分为甲组(54例,予直接PCI 替罗非班)和乙组(51例,仅予直接PCI)。比较两组直接PCI后心肌微循环灌注、心功能和心脏事件发生率。结果甲组术后TIMI血流3级、TMP血流3级的例数分别为49例(91％)和43例(80％),乙组分别为47例(92%)和39例(76％);两组间的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0．05)。两组术后1h及3 d心电图梗死相关导联ST段回落>50％的例数和术后1周靶血管急诊PCI后病变处心肌显像良好例数的差异均有统计学意义(P值均< 0．05)。两组住院期间和随访期间各项心脏事件发生率分别为0．2％(1例)和17．6%9例,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。住院期间,甲、乙两组左室射血分数(LVEF)分别为(54±6)％和(53±3)％,左室收缩期末直径(ES)分别为(32±7)mm和(34±3)mm,左室舒张期末直径(ED)分别为(51±6)mm和(52±4)mm,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0．05)。随访期间,两组LVEF分别为(58±6)％和(53±2)%,ES分别为(31±8)mm和(36±6)mm,ED分别为(52±1)mm和(55±2)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0．05)。结论晚期静脉应用替罗非班对改善直接PCI患者心肌灌注是安全、有效的,能显著减少心脏事件的发生及改善心功能。     

急性心肌梗塞直接冠状动脉介入治疗的临床疗效观察

目的 :比较直接冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者住院期间的临床效果。方法 :在 166例AMI患者中 ,86例患者直接PCI ,80例患者接受尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果 :溶栓梗塞组相关血管 (IRA)再通率 5 2例 ,再通率 62 % ;直接PCI组IRA成功开通 80例 ,成功率 10 0 % ,住院期间左室射血分数 (LVEF)溶栓组为 5 2 8± 10 1% ,直接PCI为 63 8± 9 6%差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :直接PCI与溶栓治疗AMI患者比较 ,前者能使IRA充分有效开通 ,可更好地改善患者的左心室功能。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入与静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的比较

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入 (PCI)和静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　不同时期连续 13个月收治的AMI患者 ,分为溶栓组 ( 5 7例 )和PCI组 ( 75例 )。比较两组的再灌注率及住院和随诊期间心脏事件发生的情况。结果　溶栓组再灌注率为 5 7.9% ,PCI组为 96.0 %。超声心动图示溶栓组左心室射血分数 (LVEF)值为 0 .5 9± 0 .12 ,PCI组为 0 .63± 0 .10。两组在住院期间心脏事件发生率的差异无显著性 ;而随访期间心脏事件发生率 :PCI组和溶栓组的不稳定心绞痛发生率分别为 9.3 %和 3 8.6% ,非致死性心力衰竭为 4.0 %和 14 .0 % ,死亡 0 %和 7.0 % ,复合终点事件 9.3 %和 5 0 .9% ,差异均有显著性。结论　与静脉溶栓相比 ,直接PCI能更快、更满意地开通梗死相关血管 ,抢救濒临死亡的心肌 ,改善心功能 ,降低病死率。     

静脉溶栓及直接经皮冠脉腔内成形术对急性心肌梗死预后的影响

目的　对比直接冠状动脉内介入治疗 (PCI)及静脉尿激酶 (UK)溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　 2 5 4例AMI患者 ,180例接受静脉溶栓治疗 ,74例接受PCI治疗。比较两组住院期间临床结果及超声心动图 (UCG)结果。结果　直接PCI组 :IRA开通率 (95 .9% )高于UK组 (6 1.2 % ) ,P <0 .0 5 ;心衰发生率12 .1% ,严重心律失常发生率 8.1% ,心源性休克发生率 2 .7% ,病死率 2 .7% ,均低于PCI组 (分别为 2 5 .0 % ,2 0 .0 % ,10 .0 % ,11.1% ,两组比较有显著差异P <0 .0 5 )。UCG检查 :室壁矛盾运动发生率直接PCI组为 2 .7% ,低于UK(12 .7% ) ,P <0 .0 5 ;而左室射血分数 (LVEF) (% )直接PCI组为 5 6 .8± 8.3,高于UK组 5 1.2± 10 .4 ,两组比较P<0 .0 5。而两组中出血率、再发心绞痛率和再闭塞率无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　直接PCI治疗AMI与UK治疗相比能更有效开放IRA ,保护心功能 ,减少心衰及心脏恶性事件发生率和病死率 ,改善心肌梗死患者预后。     

主动脉内球囊反搏支持下急诊PCI治疗AMI合并CS的临床研究

目的：观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)支持下急诊经冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗的临床效果。方法选取2015年5月至2016年1月我院心内科收治的AMI合并CS患者87例,其中,41例行IABP支持下PCI治疗患者为观察组,46例直接行PCI治疗患者为对照组,对比两组患者PCI手术前后心脏超声指标、心肌酶谱、神经功能指标及术后6个月不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果术后观察组与对照组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)分别为(52.12±6.43)%、(41.45±5.32) mm、(50.42±5.78) mm和(46.79±5.67)%、（48.12±5.61）mm、(50.42±5.78) mm ,均较术前的(39.42±5.67)%、(54.69±6.78) mm、(60.23±6.98) mm和(38.81±5.34)%、(53.33±7.02) mm、(59.46±7.12) mm显著改善,且观察组均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后观察组与对照组的肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I (cTnI)、心肌肌钙蛋白T (cTnT)分别为(22.49±3.42) U/L、(0.19±0.07) ng/mL、(0.13±0.03) ng/mL和(33.12±5.36) U/L、(1.03±0.28) ng/mL、(0.79±0.09) ng/mL均明显较术前的(134.32±26.43) U/L、(4.23±1.15) ng/mL、(1.35±0.81) ng/mL和(130.98±29.15) U/L、(4.31±1.19) ng/mL、(1.36±0.78) ng/mL明显降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月、6个月,观察组的死亡率分别为29.27%、41.46%,均明显低于对照组的56.52%、69.51%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IABP辅助支持PCI治疗AMI合并CS安全可行,其能够改善左室功能、降低死亡率和改善临床预后。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死出现“无血流”的临床意义

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)出现“无血流”(no flow ,NF)的发生率及其临床意义。方法　 99例连续行直接PCI的AMI患者根据冠状动脉造影中有无NF现象分为NF组( 18例 ,占 18.2 % )和非NF组 ( 81例 ) ,计算NF的发生率 ,分析两组的一般临床特征、心功能和心血管事件的发生率。结果　与非NF组比较 ,NF组既往有心肌梗死、糖尿病、前壁心肌梗死史和多支血管病变的发生率明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;NF组左室射血分数 (LVEF)显著降低 ( 0 .38± 0 .11∶0 .6 3± 0 .10 ,P <0 .0 1) ;住院及随访期间 ,NF组非致死性心力衰竭 ( 2 1.4 %∶4 .8% ,P <0 .0 5 )和复合终点事件 ( 4 2 .9%∶18.5 % ,P <0 .0 5 )明显增加 ,总死亡率有增加趋势 ,但差异无显著性 ;而不稳定性心绞痛、非致死性再次心肌梗死、缺血性靶血管重建和总的心脏性死亡的发生率无明显降低。结论　直接PCI治疗AMI过程中 ,NF的发生率为 18.2 % ;出现NF者的心功能降低 ,近、远期预后差     

不同时间冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死的疗效比较

目的:比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)不同时间行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效.方法:226例AMI患者按行PCI时间分为A组(AMI后≤6 h)和B组(AMI后>6 h～≤12 h)和C组(AMI后>12 h).分别比较3组住院期间心脏事件和心功能的发生率.结果:与C组相比,A组与B组主要心血管不良事件发生率明显减少,左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显增高,ED明显缩小.A、B两组之间心脏事件和心功能的发生率差异无统计学意义.结论:AMI后应早期行直接PCI治疗,以提高PCI的疗效和安全性,改善患者的心功能.     

补救性冠状动脉介入术与直接冠状动脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的:评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者溶栓失败后进行补救性经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)与直接PCI的临床疗效。方法:196例AMI患者进行直接PCI治疗(直接PCI组),34例静脉溶栓失败的AMI患者进行补救性PCI治疗(补救PCI组)。观察两组患者的基本特征、冠状动脉造影特点及支架置入情况,比较住院与随访期间主要心血管事件的发生情况,判断其疗效。结果:与直接PCI组相比,补救PCI组年龄偏低[(52.47±11.93)岁vs(60.28±11.02)岁,P=0.001],较少伴有高血压(32.4%vs56.1%,P=0.01)。两组患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)的分布、病变形态、冠脉病变支数无差异性(P均>0.05);直接PCI组“罪犯”病变狭窄程度较补救PCI组重[(95.47±7.83)%vs(90.73±11.02)%,P<0.05];置入支架的直径小[(3.07±0.41)mmvs(3.23±0.39)mmCP<0.05];直接PCI组IRA开通率偏低(89.8%vs100%CP>0.05)。两组患者血运重建程度有差别(P<0.05),但近期与远期心血管事件发生率无差异(P均>0.05)。结论:补救性PCI与直接PCI均是AMI有效的再灌注治疗措施。     

溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死QTcd的影响

目的　为探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)静脉溶栓治疗对心率校正QT离散度 (QTcd)的影响及其意义。方法　回顾分析 10例AMI静脉溶栓成功者溶栓前与溶栓 2 4h后心电图以及同期 10例未行溶栓治疗的AMI患者入院时与入院 2 4h后心电图 ,测定QTcd。结果　溶栓组治疗前后QTcd分别为 71.8± 16.3ms和 45 .6± 17.4ms ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 1) ,未溶栓组为 72 .5± 17.0ms和 71.7± 15 .9ms ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。两组治疗 2 4h后QTcd差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　成功的溶栓能使紊乱的心肌复律恢复稳定 ,显著缩短AMI的QTcd ,改善预后。QTcd缩短可作为AMI溶栓成功指标之一。     

不同时间窗经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者,不同时间窗行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后,对患者预后的影响.方法 我院2007年1月至2008年9月连续入院行直接PCI的AMI患者95例.按行直接PCI时间分为:AMI后A组(＜6 h)45例,B组(6～12 h)15例和C组(12～24 h)35例.分别比较A、B、C 3组的术后心衰发生率、总死亡率.于PCI后6个月行超声心动图检查,测定左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径.结果 住院期间和随访期间,术后A组的心衰发生率(8.9%)、总死亡率(2.2%),均明显低于B组(13.3%与6.7%)、C组(34.3%与14.2%),B组明显低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组在术后6个月行超声心动图检查,A组LVEF(57.51±6.9)%明显高于B组(52.25±4.27)%、C组(47.75±6.86)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组左室舒张末期内径(45.9±4.2)mm明显低于B组(49.0±3.1)mm、C组(52.5±4.9)mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性心肌梗死后行PCI术时间越早则患者心功能恢复越好,心衰发生率越低,左室重构越低,死亡率越低,改善左心功能和预后.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the prognostic effects of different time windows on initiating PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention)in AMI(acute myocardial infarction)patients.Methods Ninety-five AMI patients undergoing PCI were enrolled continuously from January 2007 to September 2008.According to the timing of direct PCI,the patients were divided into 3 groups:after AMI,＜ 6 h(Group A,n=45),6-12 h(Group B,n=45)and 12-24 h(Group C,n=35).Comparisons were made among these 3 groups in terms of the post-PCI incidence of heart failure and mortality.The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and left ventricular end-diastolic inside diameter(LVEDV)were measured by echocardiogram at Month 6.Results During the hospitalization and follow-up,Group A had a lower incidence of heart failure and mortality than Groups B and C.And Group B had a lower rate than Group C.The difference was significant (P＜0.05).Compared with LVEF(%)(52.25 ± 4.27)in Group B and LVEF(%)(47.75 ± 6.86)in Group C,LVEF(%)(57.51 ±6.9)in Group A were significantly improved on ECG at Month 6 months.LVEDV(mm)(45.89 ±4.23)in Group A were significantly lower than LVEDV(mm)(49.0 ±3.1)in Group B and LVEDV(mm)(52.46 ±4.9)in Group C.The differences were both statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion An early time windows of initiating PCI in AMI patients can significantly improve the left ventricular functions and reduce the incidence of heart failure,left ventricular remodeling and the mortality rate.All these measures could improve left ventricular functions and prognosis.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.