神经降压素对帕金森病模型大鼠纹状体DA含量影响

目的观察神经降压素(NT)对正常和帕金森病模型大鼠纹状体多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物含量的影响。方法采用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)单侧损毁内侧前脑束制备帕金森病大鼠模型。将5μL 1 mmol/L NT或生理盐水双侧缓慢注入正常及帕金森病模型大鼠侧脑室30 min后,利用高效液相色谱分析(HPLC)法检测纹状体DA及其代谢产物高香草酸(HVA)和3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)含量的变化。结果正常大鼠NT组纹状体DA含量与生理盐水组相比均明显升高(t=5.32,P<0.01)。帕金森病模型大鼠生理盐水组损毁侧纹状体DA含量与未损毁侧和正常大鼠生理盐水组相比明显降低(F=61.23,P<0.001);损毁侧纹状体DA更新率(DOPAC+HVA)/DA、DOPAC/DA、HVA/DA均明显高于未损毁侧和正常大鼠生理盐水组(F=27.52、21.12、28.43,P<0.001)。帕金森病模型大鼠侧脑室注射NT可明显提高两侧纹状体DA的含量(t=3.87、2.26,P<0.05)。结论 NT可增加正常及帕金森病模型大鼠纹状体DA的含量,提示NT具有抗帕金森病效应。     

大鼠尾核多巴胺代谢与运动强度的关系

采用在活体内微透析技术，观察大鼠在不同强度运动时及运动后尾核细胞外液中多巴胺（ＤＡ）及其代谢产物３．４一二羟笨乙酸（ＤＯＰＡＣ）和高香草酸（ＨＶＡ）含量的变化。结果表明，运动时尾核细胞外液中以ＤＯＰＡＣ含量增高；运动后细胞外液中ＤＡ、ＤＯＰＡＣ和ＨＶＡ含量均增高，其中ＤＯＰＡＣ和ＮＶＡ的增高程度取决于运动速度。提示尾核多巴胺代谢与运动强度有关。     

Tyrosine hydroxylase as a target for deltamethrin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway

Objective To study the effects of deltamethrin on tyrosine hydroxylase in nigrostriatum of male rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were daily treated with deltamethrin at 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg body weight by gavage for 10 days. Then HPLC-fluorescence detection was used to analyze the contents of dopamine （DA）, 3,4-dihydmxyphenylacetic acid （DOPAC） and homoranillic acid （HVA） in substantial nigra and striatum. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） were also detected by HPLC-fluorescence detection. TH mRNA or TH protein levels were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method. Results The content of DA in stfiatum was significantly decreased by the treatments, suggesting an inhibition of DA synthesis by deltamethrin. The contents of DA metabolites DOPAC and HVA increased, indicating increased dopamine turnover. Furthermore, deltamethrin significantly decreased the activity, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of TH. Conclusions These findings reveal a novel aspect of deltamethfin neurotoxicity and suggest tyrosine hydroxylase as a molecular target of deltamethin on dopamine metabolism in the nigrostriatal pathway.     

Comparative study of D2 receptors and dopamine content in striatum before and after electro-acupuncture treatment in rats

Objective To evaluate the change in D(2) receptors and their relationship with dopamine (DA) content in experimental hemi-parkinsonism rats before and after electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment. Methods (125) Ⅰ-IBZM D(2) receptor cerebral autoradio-graphic analysis, HPLC-ECD detection of DA and its metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were used to study their levels in striatum in pre-EA, EA and EA control group. Results The DA, HVA and DOPAC levels in striatum of the lesioned side in the EA group were elevated compared to the pre-EA and EA control group (P&lt;0.05). For the EA group, the striatum/cerebellum (125) Ⅰ-IBZM uptake ratio of the lesioned side was 8.04±0.71, (29.34%±4.83%) more than that of the contralateral side (P&lt;0.05), while no significant difference was observed as compared with that in the pre-EA group (8.09±0.52, 30.12%±4.53%, higher than that of the intact side P&gt;0.05). It was lower than the EA control group (8.61±0.63, P&lt;0.05), and the latter was (38.63%±3.71%) higher than that in its contralateral side (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion 6-OH-DA lesions in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental areas induce an up-regulation of striatal D(2) binding sites. EA treatment could elevate the DA level of the lesioned side striatum and prevent D(2) receptor up-regulation in rats with experimental hemi-parkinsonism.     

酚噻嗪类药物对精神分裂症中枢多巴胺代谢的调节作用

作者应用高压液相色谱电化学检测器对符合ＣＣＭＤ一２和ＩＣＤ一ｌ０精神分裂症诊断标准的３９例分裂症患者腰段脑脊液中的ＤＡ及其代谢产物ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ进行了测试，比较酞嚷喷类药物治疗前后ＤＡ及其代谢产物浓度的变化。结果发现：酚噻嗪类药物治疗后ＤＡ、ＤＯＰＡＣ、ＨＶＡ浓度呈现双向性变化，变化方向与其基础浓度有关。基础浓度较低者，治疗后显著增高（正向调节），反之显著降低（负向调节）．正向调节组、负向调节组治疗前有明显浓度差异，治疗后浓度趋向于一致，达到一种斩的平衡，酚噻嗪类药物对ＤＡ代谢具有明显双向调节作用。     

自噬诱导剂海藻糖对帕金森症小鼠的治疗作用

目的：探讨自噬诱导剂海藻糖对帕金森症小鼠的治疗作用。方法：使用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶盐酸盐（MPTP）建立小鼠帕金森症模型,通过观察小鼠中脑黑质区多巴胺（DA）神经元数量、纹状体内神经递质多巴胺及代谢产物变化,判断海藻糖治疗帕金森症的作用。结果：（1）免疫组化染色发现MPTP使小鼠黑质区DA神经元数量明显减少。海藻糖干预后可增加DA神经元数量。（2）HPLC检测发现MPTP造成小鼠纹状体中多巴胺明显减少,海藻糖组可增加神经递质及代谢物。结论：海藻糖能减少MPTP造成的黑质区DA神经元丢失,增加纹状体中多巴胺的含量,海藻糖能有效治疗帕金森症。     

葛根素对急性乙醇中毒大鼠脑内阿片肽和多巴胺的调控作用

目的： 检测葛根素对急性乙醇中毒大鼠皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内阿片肽和多巴胺（DA）表达水平的调控作用,为临床防治乙醇中毒和开发中药葛根提供依据。方法： 雄性SD大鼠24只随机分为对照组、乙醇中毒组和葛根素组,每组8只,采用放射免疫法检测各组大鼠皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内β-内啡肽（β-EP）、强啡肽（DnyA）和亮脑啡肽（L-EK）表达水平,采用高效液相色谱法检测各组大鼠各脑区DA、多巴克（DOPAC）和高香草酸（HVA）的表达水平,并计算（DOPAC+HVA）/DA的比值。结果：与对照组比较,乙醇中毒组和葛根素组大鼠皮层内β-EP、DnyA和L-EK表达水平降低(P<0.01),皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内 DA、DOPAC和HVA表达水平均升高 (P<0.01);与乙醇中毒组比较,葛根素组大鼠皮层内β-EP、DnyA和L-EK表达水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),DA(P<0.01)、DOPAC(P<0.01)和HVA表达水平均降低,小脑、海马和纹状体内所有指标表达水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),皮层、小脑和海马内（DOPAC+HVA）/DA 比值升高,纹状体内该比值降低（P>0.05）。结论：葛根素对急性乙醇中毒造成的脑组织损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与葛根素对脑内阿片肽和DA的调控有关。     

Rapid determination of dopamine and its metabolites during in vivo cerebral microdialysis by routine high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Objective To determine dopamine and its metabolites during in vivo cerebral microdialysis by routine high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.Methods Microdialysis probes were placed into the right striatum of Wistar rat brains and perfused with Ringer's solution at a rate of 1.5 μL/min.A reverse phase HPLC with electrochemistry was used to assay DA,DOPAC,and HVA after cerebral microdialysates were collected every 20 minutes from awake and freely moving rats.In order to identify the reliability of this method,its selectivity,linear range,precision and accuracy were tested and the contents of DA,DOPAC,and HVA in rat microdialysates were determined.Results The standard curve was in good linear at the concentration ranging from 74 nmol/L to 1.5 μmol/L for DOPAC(r2= 0.9996),from 66 nmol/L to 1.3 μmol/L for DA(r2=1.0000)and from 69 nmol/L to 1.4 μmol/L for HVA(r2=0.9992).The recovery of DOPAC(0.30,0.77,1.49 μmol/L),DA(0.26,0.69,1.32 μmol/L),and HVA(0.27,0.71,1.37 μmol/L)was 82.00±1.70%,104.00±4.00%,98.70±3.10%;92.30±1.50%,105.30±2.30%,108.00±2.00%;80.00±7.80%,107.69±8.00%,and 108.66±3.10%,respectively at each concentration.Their intra-day RSD was 3.3%,3.4%,and 2.5%,and inter-day RSD was 4.2%,2.3%,and 5.6%,respectively.The mean extracellular concentrations of DOPAC,DA,and HVA in rat brain microdialysates were 10.7,2.4,and 9.2 μmol/L(n=6),respectively.Conclusion The findings of our study suggested that the simple,accurate and stable method can be applied to basic researches of diseases related to monoamines neurotransmitters by cerebral microdialysis in rats.     

MPTP对小鼠纹状体多巴胺含量的影响

报道1—甲基—4—苯基—1,2,3,6—四氢吡啶(MPTP)给C_(57)-BL黑色小鼠腹腔注射后,应用高效液相色谱—电化学检测法,测定纹状体多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、5—羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物3,4—二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)、高香草酸(HVA),5—羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的含量。结果与对照组相比,用药组小鼠纹状体DA、5-HT及其代谢产物显著降低,其中DA减少94%(P<0.001),DOPAC减少61%(P<0.05),HVA减少65%(P<0.001)。实验结果表明用MPTP给予小鼠所产生的动物模型,对研究帕金森病是一种较为有用的方法。     

Effects of Echinacoside on Histio-central Levels of Active Mass in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats*

Objective To investigate the effects of echinacoside on the extracellular striatal levels of norepinephrine (NE),dopamine (DA),homovanillic acid (HVA),3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanoid acid (DOPAC),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA),and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO rats.Methods The middle cerebral artery was occluded in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Three days later microdialysis probes were placed into the right striatum of MCAO rat brains and the brains were perfused with Ringer's solution at a rate of 1.5 μL/min.Cerebral microdialysates were collected every 30 minutes from awake and freely moving rats before assaying for NE,DA,HVA,DOPAC,HIAA,and 5-HT levels by reverse phase HPLC with electrochemistry.Results Three days after MCAO,the extracellular striatal levels of NE,DA,DOPAC,HIAA,HVA,and 5-HT of the MCAO rats increased significantly (at least P＜0.05 vs.control).However,simultaneous treatment with echinacoside (30.0 or 15.0 mg/kg) attenuated these increases (at least P＜0.05 vs.non-treated model rats).Conclusion These results imply that echinacoside may protect striatal dopa minergic neurons from the injury induced by MCAO and may help prevent and treat cerebral ischemic diseases.