流行性感冒亚单位疫苗(类病毒体)临床安全性和免疫原性研究

目的评价流行性感冒(流感)亚单位疫苗(类病毒体)的临床安全性和免疫原性。方法按随机、对照、盲法的原则,以进口同类疫苗为对照开展现场临床试验,比较两种流感疫苗免疫后临床反应率、抗体阳转率、保护率和几何平均滴度(GMT)增长倍数。结果试验组全身反应率(2.8%)和局部反应率(2.4%)与对照组比较,差异无显著的统计学意义。试验组和对照组免疫后H1N1、H3N2、B(亚)型抗体阳转率分别为69.93%、58.04%、63.87%和74.02%、53.92%、75.98%;试验组和对照组H1N1、H3N2、B(亚)型抗体GMT增长倍数分别为7.1、4.5、5.8倍和8.8、4.1、7.8倍,两组间除B(亚)型外,H1N1、H3N2抗体阳转率和GMT增长倍数差异无显著的统计学意义。试验组H1N1、H3N2、B(亚)型抗体保护率为95.86%、92.09%、77.06%,对照组为97.33%、97.02%、82.67%,两组间差异无显著的统计学意义。结论试验组流感亚单位疫苗(类病毒体)接种后的全身反应和局部反应与进口同类疫苗无差异,临床安全性良好;免疫后各型抗体阳转率、保护率较高,GMT增长倍数较多,具有良好的免疫原性。     

中山市某大学学生接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗安全性及免疫效果评价

目的分析中山市当前接种的甲型H1N1流感疫苗的安全性及免疫效果,为甲型H1N1流感疫苗的科学使用提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取一定数量对象作为接种组和对照组,运用流行病学实验研究的方法,观察接种组疑似预防接种异常反应发生情况,监测抗体阳转率,比较接种组和对照组甲型H1N1流感的发病率,并计算效果指数和疫苗保护率。结果本研究接种组和对照组均为464人,接种组接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后均未出现疑似预防接种异常反应。在接种组抽取100名接种对象进行抗体检测,出现抗体阳转61例,抗体阳转率为61.00%。接种组与对照组的甲型H1N1流感发病率分别为4.74%(22/464)、10.34%(48/464),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。疫苗的效果指数为2.18、保护率为54.16%。结论中山市当前接种的甲型H1N1流感疫苗具有良好的安全性,但免疫效果偏低,是否有进一步提高的空间,有待进一步研究。     

四价流感病毒裂解疫苗安全性和免疫原性评价

目的评价某公司生产的四价流感病毒裂解疫苗(四价流感疫苗)安全性和免疫原性。方法选择河南省舞阳县和西平县≥3岁的健康人群为研究对象,按照1∶1∶1随机纳入试验组、对照1组和对照2组,分别接种四价流感疫苗、三价流感疫苗(不含Bv型)和三价流感疫苗(不含By型);检测接种前后血凝抑制(HI)抗体滴度,分析接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生率、HI抗体阳转率、HI抗体保护率和几何平均滴度(GMT)增长倍数,并与欧盟和美国食品药品管理局(FDA)制定的流感疫苗质量标准(HI抗体阳转率40%、HI抗体保护率70%和HI抗体GMT增长倍数2.5)比较。结果纳入2 924人,其中试验组975人,对照1组974人,对照2组975人。接种后30 min～8 d,试验组AEFI发生率为11.7%,高于对照1组的7.9%和对照2组的8.8%(P0.05)。试验组H1N1型、H3N2型、By型和Bv型HI抗体阳转率分别为78.5%、53.3%、78.3%和62.9%,试验组与对照2组By型HI抗体阳转率的率差为42.1%(95%CI:38.0%～46.2%),与对照1组Bv型HI抗体阳转率的率差为33.2%(95%CI:28.9%～37.5%),95%CI的下限均-0.10。试验组、对照1组和对照2组各型HI抗体GMT增长倍数均≥2.5。试验组H1N1型、H3N2型、By型和Bv型HI抗体保护率分别为87.7%、98.7%、93.6%和77.2%,其中By型HI抗体保护率高于对照2组的71.1%(P0.05),Bv型HI抗体保护率高于对照1组的51.0%(P0.05)。结论接种某公司四价流感疫苗后,H1N1型、H3N2型、By型和Bv型的HI抗体阳转率、HI抗体保护率和GMT增长倍数均达到欧盟和FDA制定的流感疫苗质量标准,该四价流感疫苗的安全性和免疫原性与同公司的三价流感疫苗(包括不含Bv型、不含By型)处于同一水平。     

国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗临床安全性与免疫原性评价

目的评价国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法按整群随机抽样原则,以进口同类疫苗作为对照开展现场临床试验;比较两种疫苗免疫后临床反应率、抗体阳转率、保护率及几何平均滴度(GMT)。结果试验组及对照组接种后发热反应率分别为1.4%和2.1%(P>0.05),局部反应率分别为1.6%和1.7%(P>0.05);试验疫苗流感病毒H1N1、H3N2及B(亚)型的HI抗体总阳转率分别为75.30%、75.30%、42.59%;对照疫苗流感病毒H1N1、H3N2及B(亚)型的HI抗体总阳转率分别为75.10%、77.08%、39.52%;三(亚)型流感抗体总阳转率无统计学意义。三(亚)型流感抗体增长倍数均无统计学意义。三(亚)型流感HI抗体达到保护水平的保护率均无统计学意义。结论国产流感裂解疫苗发热反应和局部反应与进口同类疫苗无差异,免疫后抗体阳转率较高,抗体滴度上升幅度较大,具有良好的临床安全性和免疫原性。     

两种流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗安全性与免疫原性研究

目的：评价国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法：按整群随机抽样原则,以进口同类疫苗作为对照开展现场临床试验;比较两种疫苗免后不良反应率、抗体阳转率、保护率及几何平均滴度（GMT）。结果：试验组及对照组接种后全身不良反应率分别为2．7％和3．6％（P〉0．05）,局部不良反应率分别为7．2％和9．6％（P〉O．05）;试验疫苗流感病毒HINI、H3N2及B（亚）型的HI抗体总阳转率分别为81．6％,92．4％和78．0％;对照疫苗流感病毒HIN1、H3N2及B（亚）型的HI抗体总阳转率分别为87．1％,88．3％0和80．8％,三（亚）型流感抗体总阳转率差异无统计学意义;三（亚）型流感HI抗体达到保护水平的保护率的比较中,只有婴幼儿试验组和对照组的免后B型HI抗体滴度≥1：40,差异有统计学意义,试验组大于对照组,其余3组差异无统计学意义;三（亚）型流感抗体免后GMT的差异亦无统计学意义。结论：国产流感裂解疫苗全身和局部不良反应与进口同类疫苗无差异,免后抗体阳转率较高,抗体滴度上升幅度较大,具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫原性及安全性评价

目的 评价2种国产新型甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗的免疫原性与安全性.方法 采用随机、双盲、对照方法,选取≥3岁健康志愿者748人,分为2组,分别于0、21 d接种甲、乙2种不同疫苗,剂量均为15μg血凝素/剂,并分别测定比较0、21和42 d的抗体阳转率、疫苗保护率和血清HI抗体滴度,判定其免疫原性;观察比较接种后不良反应率,评价其安全性.结果 甲、乙2种疫苗免疫后21、42 d抗体阳转率分别为81.39%、92.01%和94.05%、95.80%,抗体保护率分别为84.17%、95.36%和96.88%、99.21%,几何平均滴度(GMT)增长倍数分别为34.37、55.34倍和43.69、57.20倍;疫苗接种后30 min内,发热发生率分别为9.44%、14.69%和4.53%、2.36%;除42 d抗体阳转率和发热发生率外,其余各指标在2种疫苗问的差异均有统计学意义.结论 甲、乙2种疫苗均具有良好的免疫原性和安全性.     

国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗安全性和免疫原性评价分析

目的：评价江苏延申生物科技股份有限公司（简称江苏延申公司）研制的流行性感冒裂解疫苗临床安全性及免疫原性,为推广国产流感疫苗的预防接种提供科学依据。方法：选择符合接种人群,观察接种反应率和3型抗体阳转情况,微量血凝抑制试验测定流感抗体。结果：接种疫苗后,总反应率为9.15%,其中全身反应率为1.31%,局部反应率7.84%,免疫后2周A1、A3、B型保护率为74.66%、61.64%、77.40%,4周后抗体保护率为70.55%、54.79%、65.75%,免疫后2周抗体GMT增长倍数为9.22、4.36、8.67,4周抗体GMT增长倍数为7.00、2.88、5.55。结论：此流行性感冒裂解疫苗具有较好的安全性和免疫原性,可以推广使用。     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗1年后免疫持久性评价

目的 评价成都市甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种1年后疫苗免疫持久性.方法 以2010年免后1个月HI抗体≥1∶40的398人作为观察对象,用微量血凝抑制试验方法测定抗体,计算人群抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)和疫苗保护率.结果 免疫后1年人群GMT下降62.03％,抗体保护率达92.71％,老年组保护率为83.12％;免后1个月低抗体水平个体(1∶40、1∶80),1年后有40.21％的人抗体滴度上升.结论 甲流疫苗具有一定的免疫持久性,老人免疫持久性相对较差.     

某公司国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗安全性和免疫原性研究

[目的]评价某国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗在儿童和成人中应用的安全性及免疫原性,为推广国产流感疫苗的预防接种提供科学依据. [方法]选择6月龄以上健康人群120人作为受试人群,分成6个年龄组,于上臂三角肌肌内接种某公司流行性感冒裂解疫苗,考核和评价疫苗的安全性和免疫原性. [结果]实验疫苗接种首针后全身及局部反应发生率分别为5%及4.17%,该疫苗在18～60岁人群中和≥60岁人群中分型抗体阳转率均≥50%,18～60岁人群和≥60岁人群分型抗体GMT增长＞4.0倍,18～60岁和≥60岁易感者保护率均≥90%.[结论]本次研究结果与诸多同类疫苗临床反应率大致相同,提示该疫苗具有较好的临床安全性.免疫效果达到欧盟流感疫苗临床试验评价标准.     

大规模接种前抗体水平对甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫苗免疫原性和免疫持久性的影响

目的探讨大规模接种前抗体水平对甲型H1N1流行性感冒裂解疫苗(简称甲流疫苗)免疫原性和免疫持久性的影响。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取3~5岁、6~10岁、11~15岁、16~20岁、21~40岁、41~60岁和60岁以上7个年龄组计350人作为监测对象。使用微量血凝抑制(HI)实验测定监测对象接种甲流疫苗前、接种后28 d和6个月甲流抗体水平。计算抗体平均滴度、抗体阳转率和抗体保护率,分析接种前抗体水平与抗体阳性率、抗体保护率的关系。结果接种前HI抗体平均滴度1:6.65,抗体保护率17.1%,接种后28 d和6个月甲流HI抗体平均滴度、阳转率和保护率均超过了欧盟药品评价局(EMEA)和美国FDA的标准。接种前抗体水平与免疫后28 d和6个月抗体阳转率均呈负相关,与抗体保护率均无相关性。结论甲流流行期间,为了提高保护率,保护易感人群,可以不考虑接种前抗体水平,并可取得较好的免疫原性和免疫持久性。     

国产流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗上市后的安全性及免疫原性评价

目的评价国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗上市后的安全性与免疫原性。方法 2011年8~10月在河南省长葛、禹州和登封开展了多中心、随机、对照试验。6 171名观察对象随机分配到接种组(3 083人)和对照组(3 088人)。接种组每人接种一剂疫苗,对照组不接受任何处理,比较两组研究对象免疫后28 d不良反应发生率。在接种组随机抽取599人作为免疫效果评估对象,在免疫前和免疫后28 d,采用微量血凝抑制(HI)试验测定疫苗抗体。结果接种组全身和局部不良反应发生率分别为7.14%(220/3 083)和1.36%(42/3 083)。对照组全身不良反应发生率为1.17%(36/3 088),无局部不良反应发生。接种组全身和局部不良反应发生率均显著高于对照组(χ2=138.285,P<0.001;χ2=42.356,P<0.001)。接种组H1N1、H3N2及B型抗体阳转率分别为79.30%、82.80%和67.60%,抗体保护率分别为89.30%、98.30%和93.00%,GMT分别为1∶416、1∶796和1∶180。结论国产流行性感冒裂解疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性,适宜推广应用。     

国产流感裂解疫苗接种人体后安全性和免疫原性评价

目的:评价变更后流感毒株生产的国产流感裂解疫苗安全性和免疫原性。方法:对宁波市宁海县559例分组接种流感裂解疫苗者进行临床指标(局部反应、全身反应)的监测,并抽取其中213例,用流感病毒HI抗体测定法对接种者免疫前后的抗体滴度进行测定,比较免疫前后抗体阳转率及几何平均滴度(GMT)。结果:观察对象接种疫苗后发热反应发生率为1.22%,全身其他反应发生率为1.22%,局部反应发生率为1.07%,且以轻度反应为主。H1N1型、H3N2型、B型免后抗体阳转率分别为84.04%、85.45%、83.57%;不同年龄组免后抗体滴度的增长倍数,H1N1型在5.50～16.00倍之间,H3N2型在13.16～39.33倍之间,B型在7.28～24.85倍之间,各年龄组各抗体型别免疫前后GMT差别均有统计学意义。结论:国产流感裂解疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗在18岁以上健康人群中应用的安全性及免疫原性研究

目的 评价流感病毒裂解疫苗安尔来福(R)的免疫原性及安全性.方法 2010年8-9月在沈阳市开展开放式临床试验,选择18～60岁及＞60岁健康成年人接种安尔来福(R)进行安全性观察,并采集受试者免疫前及免疫后21 d 血清标本,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)进行流感病毒裂解疫苗甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2及乙型3个型别抗体检测.结果 130名观察对象完成疫苗接种并进行安全性观察,其中120人完成免疫前及免疫后采血.总体不良反应发生率为2.3%(3/130),均为全身不良反应,未出现严重不良反应.接种疫苗后21 d,成年组甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2及乙型3个型别抗体阳转率分别为82.5%、93.7%、92.1%,GMT增长倍数分别为20.2、32.0、11.4,保护率分别为92.1%、98.4%、98.4%;老年组3个型别抗体阳转率分别为89.5%、91.2%、87.7%,GMT增长倍数分别为23.9、39.8、15.1,保护率分别为93.0%、94.7%、96.5%.结论 疫苗安尔来福(R)接种后甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2及乙型3个型别抗体各项指标均超过欧盟标准,表明其免疫原性及安全性良好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza vaccine (Anflu(R) ). Methods An open-labeled clinical trial was carried out in adults aged 18-60 years and elders aged over 60 years from August to September, 2010 in Shenyang, Liaoning province. One dose of split influenza vaccine was administered and adverse events were observed. Serum samples were obtained prior to vaccination and 21 days post vaccination. A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B antibodies against influenza virus were measured using micro-hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Results A total of 130 subjects were recruited and 120 paired serum samples were obtained. The overall rate of adverse events was 2.3% (3/130) and all of them with systemic reaction. No single serious adverse event was reported. 21 days after the vaccination, the sero-conversion rates of A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B antibodies against influenza virus among adults were 82.5%, 93.7% and 92.1%, respectively. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) ratios were 20.2, 32.0 and 11.4, while the sero-protection rates were 92.1%, 98.4% and 98.4%, respectively. The sero-conversion rates of antibodies among elders were 89.5%, 91.2% and 87.7%, with the GMT ratios as 23.9, 39.8 and 15.1, respectively. The seroprotection rates were 93.0%, 94.7% and 96.5%,respectively. Conclusion All indexes ofA/H1N1,A/H3N2 and B antibodies exceeded the licensure criteria established by the EU Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use,proving the trial vaccine Anflu(R) with good safety and immunogenicity.     

流行性感冒灭活亚单位疫苗和裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性的比较研究

目的：比较流感亚单位疫苗与裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法：流感亚单位疫苗和裂解疫苗按随机双盲法分别接种249名和250名6～12岁健康儿童。于接种当日和接种后3天内观察局部反应和全身反应。用血凝抑制试验检测接种儿童免疫前后的血凝抑制抗体(HI)滴度，计算抗体4倍增长阳转率，免疫后的保护水平抗体(≥1：40)的免疫成功率，以及抗体几何平均滴度((GMT)值和增长倍数。比较流感亚单位疫苗和裂解疫苗的临床观察结果。结果：两种疫苗接种后均未见局部反应，发热反应率和中高度发热反应率亚单位疫苗低于裂解疫苗，两组的差异有显著的统计学意义。未见其他全身反应。对疫苗3个毒株的血清学检测结果显示：亚单位疫苗的阳转率为74．5％～95．1％，保护水平抗体的免疫成功率为94．2％～99．6％，抗体GMT增长倍数为5．4～21．2。裂解疫苗的阳转率为79．8％～97．8％，保护水平抗体的免疫成功率为96．4％～100．0％，抗体GMT、增长倍数为6．4～21．0。两种疫苗的免疫学效果相似，所见差异无显著的统计学意义。结论：流感亚单位疫苗和裂解疫苗接种6～12岁儿童后反应轻微，安全性良好，亚单位疫苗发热反应率低于裂解疫苗。两种疫苗的免疫原性良好，具有同样显著的免疫效果，可以推广使用。     

Safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (GC3110A) in healthy participants aged ≥ 65 years

BackgroundSeasonal Influenza is still considered associated with seasonal morbidity and hospitalization in the elderly population. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) to reduce burden of two currently circulating influenza B lineages. Until 2019 Korean National Immunization Program (NIP) recommended trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) after ongoing debates on cost effectiveness of QIV for elderly population. Although influenza vaccine only showed modest effect on reducing influenza in elderly, this study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of inactivated QIV in healthy participants ≥ 65 years of age.MethodsA total of 274 healthy participants aged ≥ 65 years received a QIV. Seroconversion-based vaccine efficacy of 4 strains of seasonal influenza was assessed 21 days after vaccination and adverse events were monitored until 180 days after vaccination.ResultsThe percentages of participants seroconverted after vaccination on HI antibody against each strain were 36.5% (99/271) to A/H1N1, 47.6% (129/271) to A/H3N2, 40.6% (110/271) to B Yamagata, and 49.1% (133/271) to B Victoria. The percentages of participants seroprotected after vaccination on HI antibody against each strain were 81.2% (220/271) to A/H1N1, 98.5% (267/271) to A/H3N2, 95.2% (258/271) to B Yamagata, and 93.7% (254/271) to B Victoria. There was no serious adverse event (SAE) related with the study vaccine.ConclusionThe quadrivalent split influenza vaccine is expected to offer seroprotection against influenza A and both influenza B lineages even in the elderly population.     

Immunogenicity and tolerability of a virosome influenza vaccine compared to split influenza vaccine in patients with sickle cell anemia

The immunogenicity and tolerability of virosome and of split influenza vaccines in patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) were evaluated. Ninety SS patients from 8 to 34 years old were randomly assigned to receive either virosome (n = 43) or split vaccine (n = 47). Two blood samples were collected, one before and one 4–6 weeks after vaccination. Antibodies against viral strains (2006) A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/California (H3N2), B/Malaysia were determined using the hemagglutinin inhibition test. Post-vaccine reactions were recorded over 7 days. Seroconversion rates for H1N1, H3N2 and B were 65.1%, 60.4% and 83.7% for virosome vaccine, and 68.0%, 61.7% and 68.0% for split vaccine. Seroprotection rates for H1N1, H3N2 e B were 100%, 97.6% and 69.7% for virosome, and 97.8%, 97.8% and 76.6% for split vaccine. No severe adverse reactions were recorded. Virosome and split vaccines in patients with sickle cell anemia were equally immunogenic, with high seroconversion and seroprotection rates. Both vaccines were well tolerated.     

Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 two-dose immunization of US children: an observer-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

The goal of this pediatric clinical trial was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two different doses of a monovalent inactivated pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccine in US children aged 6 months to 9 years of age. Randomized, observer-blinded, US multicenter phase 2 study assessing 2 doses of vaccine given 21 days apart in 474 children aged 6-35 months or 3-9 years. Children in each age group were randomly assigned to receive either a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccine containing 7.5 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin (HA) or placebo in a 4:4:1 ratio. Primary outcome was hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses 21 days following each vaccination. Safety was monitored throughout the study. The first dose of either A H1N1 vaccine formulation was more immunogenic in children older than 3 years than in younger children. 45-50% of children aged 6-35 months and 69-75% of children aged 3-9 year-old attained HI titers of ≥1:40. A second dose of A H1N1 vaccine further increased HI antibody responses with seroprotection and seroconversion rates reaching 90-99% in both age groups. Interestingly, the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccine formulations elicited similar rates of solicited and unsolicited injection site and systemic reactions as the placebo. The data therefore demonstrate the high level immunogenicity in infants and children of an (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccine displaying a safety and reactogenicity profile similar to placebo.     

Immunogenicity of seasonal inactivated influenza and inactivated polio vaccines among children in Senegal: Results from a cluster-randomized trial

Data on influenza vaccine immunogenicity in children are limited from tropical developing countries. We recently reported significant, moderate effectiveness of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in a controlled, cluster-randomized trial in children in rural Senegal during 2009, a year of H3N2 vaccine mismatch (NCT00893906). We report immunogenicity of IIV3 and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) from that trial. We evaluated hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and polio antibody titers in response to vaccination of three age groups (6 through 35 months, 3 through 5 years, and 6 through 8 years). As all children were IIV naïve, each received two vaccine doses, although titers were assessed after only the first dose for subjects aged 6 through 8 years. Seroconversion rates (4-fold titer rise or increase from <1:10 to ≥1:40) were 74–87% for A/H1N1, 76–87% for A/H3N2, and 54–79% for B/Yamagata. Seroprotection rates (HAI titer ≥ 1:40) were 79–88% for A/H1N1, 88–96% for A/H3N2, and 52–74% for B/Yamagata. IIV responses were lowest in the youngest age group, and they were comparable between ages 3 through 5 years after two doses and 6 through 8 years after one dose. We found that baseline seropositivity (HAI titer ≥ 1:10) was an effect modifier of IIV response. Using a seroprotective titer (HAI titer ≥ 1:160) recommended for IIV evaluation in children, we found that among subjects who were seropositive at baseline, 69% achieved seroprotection for both A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, while among those who were seronegative at baseline, seroprotection was achieved in 11% for A/H1N1 and 22% for A/H3N2. The IPV group had high baseline polio antibody seropositivity and appropriate responses to vaccination. Our data emphasize the importance of a two-dose IIV3 series in vaccine naïve children. IIV and IPV vaccines were immunogenic in Senegalese children.