Factors associated with myocardial salvage immediately after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction

Objective  The amount of myocardial salvage after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is reported to be a major determinant of functional recovery in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, factors related to the amount of myocardial salvage remain unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the factors related to the amount of myocardial salvage after emergent PCI in patients with ST-elevation acute MI by incorporating pre- and post-treatment indices and adjunctive treatments. Methods  Technetium-99m myocardial imaging was performed before, immediately after, and one month after emergent PCI in 161 patients with ST-elevation acute MI, and the defect score was serially evaluated. A good myocardial salvage was defined as ≥4 change (before minus immediately after PCI) of the defect score. Results  Good myocardial salvage was observed in 89 patients. Based on nine clinical variables, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the important variables related to myocardial salvage. Multivariate analysis revealed that earlier time from onset to PCI (χ ² = 6.55, P = 0.01, odds ratio = 2.78), larger defect score before PCI (χ ² = 7.29, P = 0.01, odds ratio = 1.13) and administration of nicorandil before PCI (χ ² = 9.88, P = 0.008, odds ratio = 4.42) were independently associated with good myocardial salvage. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade <2 before PCI (χ ² = 4.91, P = 0.03, odds ratio = 0.36) and TIMI flow grade ≤2 after PCI (χ ² = 4.82, P = 0.03, odds ratio = 0.31) were independently associated with poor myocardial salvage. In contrast, the number of asynergic segments before PCI, infarct-related artery, adequate collaterals before PCI and stent implantation were not determinants of myocardial salvage. Conclusions  This study demonstrated that patients with a greater improvement of ^99mTc tetrofosmin myocardial uptake immediately after PCI had better recovery of left ventricular function and smaller final infarct size. Reperfusion time and TIMI flow grade ≤2 after PCI were important determinants of myocardial salvage, and nicorandil was a major determinant of myocardial salvage.     

支架纵向变形与急性心肌梗死1例

<正>支架纵向变形(longitudinal stent deformation,LSD)是与冠状动脉介入治疗相关的少见并发症,目前对其产生机制及临床预后仍不清楚。有研究显示LSD可能与冠状动脉血栓事件和支架内再狭窄有一定关系^[1]。国内鲜见相关病例报道。本文报道1例2次心肌梗死患者,总结分析LSD产生的可能机制及干预策略,为临床处理提供思考。     

无胸痛急性心肌梗死268例临床特征分析

目的:对比分析无胸痛急性心肌梗死(NCPAM I)和有胸痛急性心肌梗死(CPAM I)患者的临床特征。方法:将1 446例急性心肌梗死(AM I)患者根据发病时有无胸痛主诉分成无胸痛组(NCPM I组,268例)和有胸痛组(CPM I组,1 178例)。结果:NCPM I组比CPM I组发病年龄大[(68.25±9.57)岁比(62.53±8.69)岁,P<0.05],女性占的比例较大(42.9%比30.1%,P<0.001),伴有糖尿病(DM)者较多(38.1%比20.1%,P<0.001),既往有心衰史者较多(28.7%比11.8%,P<0.001);NCPM I组院前延误的时间较长[(7.78±2.74)h比(5.02±1.47)h,P<0.05],接受再灌注治疗者较少(56.3%比74.5%,P<0.001),梗死相关动脉(IRA)再通率较低(41.8%比56.1%,P<0.001),并发心律失常、心力衰竭、心原性休克者较多(P<0.05),住院病死率较高(15.2%比8.3%,P<0.05);而冠心病家族史、烟酒史、高血压史、职业、梗死部位分布、血脂、血尿酸、肝功能差异无统计学意义;肾功能有下降的趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论:发生急性心肌梗死时无胸痛症状人群比有胸痛症状人群年龄较大,合并症和并发症较多,就诊较晚,再灌注治疗率较低,预后较差。     

Radiography of acute myocardial infarction

In conclusion, the plain radiograph provides an insight into the hemodynamic severity of myocardial infarctions and the effected patient's ultimate prognosis. It may also be the initial indicator of one of the several complications that may accompany the evolution of an acute myocardial infarction.     

急性心肌梗死伴低钠血症的临床意义

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AM I)患者并发低钠血症的临床意义。方法对我院2008年1月—2009年7月129例AM I患者进行了回顾性分析,根据患者入院后即刻血清钠离子浓度水平分为两组:低钠血症组(Na+(135 mmol/L)和血钠正常组(Na+≥135 mmol/L)。比较两组病人血清钠离子浓度与年龄、病史、梗死面积及并发症的关系。结果低钠血症的发生率为31.8%(41/129),<60岁的占58.5%(24/41)。无心绞痛病史者占63.4%(26/41),与血钠正常组比较差异有统计学意义,心肌梗死面积两组间差异无统计学意义。而且,有53.7%(22/41)病人在血清心肌酶尚未升高时即出现了低钠血症。结论低钠血症是AM I的常见合并症,主要由于机体的应激反应所致,过度的应激反应可能是AM I预后不良的原因之一,因此低钠血症的病人更应尽早抗应激治疗。     

甘丙素在急性心肌梗塞发病中的临床意义

测定31例急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者血浆甘丙素(GAL)的放免活性,结果提示AMI患者急性期各次血浆GAL水平明显高于对照组.伴高血压、糖尿病和心功能不全者升高更显著.GAL和内皮素(ET)、血糖水平均呈正相关.实验性心肌梗塞大鼠血浆GAL、血清肌酸激酶(CK).CK同功酶(CK-MB)、丙二醛(MDA)含量亦明显高于对照大鼠.用GAL抗血清治疗心梗大鼠,减少坏死面积45.4%和缩小了梗塞范围47.1%,血浆GAL水平明显降低,血清CK、CK-MB、MDA活性有所抑制,提示早期阻断GAL的生物学效应,对防治AMI有重要意义.实验还发现牛磺酸对GAL亦有拮抗效用,显示牛磺酸有心肌细胞保护作用.     

Intervention in acute myocardial infarction

The role of thrombolytic therapy in decreasing mortality and improving left ventricular function has been well established. The role of secondary PTCA is still being defined. Current data support a strategy of performing coronary angiography and elective PTCA only in patients with evidence of ischemia after thrombolytic therapy. Despite the trend away from routine early invasive therapy for acute myocardial infarction, accurate definition of coronary anatomy and assessment of left ventricular function will continue to be vital in the management of these patients and provide a continuing challenge for the cardiac radiographer.     

急性心肌梗死急诊路径管理对血管再通治疗的影响

 目的 观察优化急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction, AMI)急诊路径管理对血管再通治疗的影响。方法 回顾性分析了1995-01至2011-12共1134例ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者( ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI )急诊血管再通治疗情况及时间截点。分析在急性心肌梗死急诊路径管理下,患者急诊静脉溶栓和急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)逐年变化情况,及急诊静脉溶栓联合PCI治疗（易化PCI治疗)和直接PCI对临床的影响,分析患者发病-来诊时间、来诊-静脉溶栓时间(门-针时间)和来诊-急诊PCI时间(门-球时间)变化情况。自2004年进一步优化管理路径,取消心内科会诊,加强了时间截点管理等措施,分析优化前后变化情况。结果 急诊PCI患者人数逐年增加,2004年急诊PCI患者人数开始多于静脉溶栓人数;患者发病-来诊时间17年间变化不大,患者来诊-静脉溶栓时间和来诊-急诊PCI时间2004年后有明显缩短。 易化PCI不能降低住院病死率。结论 急性心肌梗死急诊路径的实施,逐年缩短了急性心肌梗死患者来诊至救治时间,可以挽救濒死心肌,对急诊临床工作有很好的指导和帮助作用。易化PCI较直接PCI相比不能改善临床预后。     

Prostate brachytherapy seed migration to the right coronary artery associated with an acute myocardial infarction

PURPOSE: We report a case of prostate brachytherapy seed migration to the right coronary artery (RCA) associated with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 69-year-old male was diagnosed with Prostate Adenocarcinoma Stage II (T(1c)N0M0) in October 2003. He underwent percutaneous transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy with the implantation of 94 loose iodine (125I) seeds under transrectal ultrasound guidance on 15 December, 2003. The implantation was designed to deliver a minimum dose of 144 Gy. RESULTS: Postimplant pelvic radiography at Day 30 showed five seeds missing. No chest radiography was done until hospital admission on October 10, 2005 for AMI. Cine radiography from cardiac catheterization revealed 86 metallic seeds remaining in the pelvic region, 4 that had migrated to the lungs (2 left and 2 right) and 2 to the heart. Two seeds were unaccounted for. Of the two cardiac seeds, one was lodged in the right ventricle endocardium and the other in the midsegment of the RCA at the site of a severely stenotic lesion that resulted in an AMI. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case of brachytherapy seed migration to the RCA associated with an AMI. Echocardiography before brachytherapy seed implantation might be considered in patients felt to be at high risk for cardiac shunting.     

乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常疗效观察

目的：研究静脉应用乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常疗效及安全性。方法：对35例急性心肌梗死并发的快速性心房纤颤、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动,首剂给予乙胺碘呋酮150mg,15min内缓慢注入,若心律失常控制不满意,间隔15min静脉追加150mg,随后以（0.5～1.0）mg/min静脉滴注维持,依病情逐渐减量,静脉应用同时加用口服乙胺碘呋酮200mg,3次/d,1w后改为200mg,2次/d,1w后减少为200mg,1次/d,维持至总疗程8w。结果：总有效率80%,静脉应用早期对PR、QRS、QTc间期均无影响。不良反应12.5%,用药期间无因乙胺碘呋酮导致或加重的心功能不全。结论：静脉应用乙胺碘呋酮治疗急性心肌梗死合并快速性心律失常安全有效。     

Evaluation of bedside myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl in acute myocardial infarction

Bedside myocardial scintigraphy was performed on 149 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), after IV injection of 74 MBq ²⁰¹Tl, using a mobile gamma camera (Dynamo). The study was displayed on Polaroïd pictures, without any image treatment, and read by two independent readers. Clinical history, findings, and final diagnosis were assessed by an independent clinician. The following conclusions were reached:

1. The sensitivity of the study for the detection of a recent myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.84 with a specificity of 0.87.
2. There was a good correlation between scintigraphic and ECG localization.
3. No firm correlation was found between scintigraphic and enzymatic estimates of infarct size.
4. Abnormal visualization of the right ventricle was probably associated with more extensive infarction.

     

CT detection of acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced CT to detect acute myocardial infarction (MI), which has not been systematically assessed. On contrast-enhanced helical chest CT, we retrospectively identified 18 patients (10 women, eight men; mean age, 66 years) with an initial MI. Each patient underwent contrast-enhanced single-detector helical chest CT within 1 month after the MI between March 2001 and June 2002. CONCLUSION: Acute MI is detectable on contrast-enhanced chest CT as an area of decreased left ventricular myocardial enhancement in a specific coronary arterial distribution.     

A case of neurofibromatosis associated with a coronary artery aneurysm and myocardial infarction

A case of myocardial infarction secondary to thrombosis of a coronary artery aneurysm in a patient with neurofibromatosis is presented. The vascular manifestations of neurofibromatosis, and the associated clinical sequelae, are reviewed.     

急性心肌梗死患者心率变异性临床分析

对８４例急性心肌梗死患者进行心率变异性分析。应用２４ｈ磁带记录器。进行２４ｈＨｏｌｔｅｒ心电图记录，对记录磁带采用电子计算机分析，对急性心肌梗死的病变范围和程度及预后进行估计。     

主动脉内球囊反搏对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者死亡率的影响

目的 评价急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助下进行介入治疗的安全性及临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析全军医院心血管介入诊疗管理系统中的资料.选取接受急诊PCI的8878例STEMI患者为研究对象,按是否接受IABP治疗分为IABP组(732例)和对照组(8146例).对两组的基线资料进行对比分析.采用倾向配对分析对IABP组和对照组进行1:1倾向匹配,分析两组术中死亡、院内死亡、支架内血栓、出血等情况的差异.结果 二元logistic回归分析显示,年龄、心力衰竭、肾功能不全是院内死亡的危险因素;通过1:1倾向匹配分析,发现两组术中死亡率、术后出血发生率、支架内血栓发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而IABP组的院内死亡率明显高于对照组(10.4％ vs 2.5％,P＜0.05).结论 IABP不能降低接受急诊介入治疗的STEMI患者的院内死亡率.