老年男性2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率及生长因子与骨质疏松的关系

目的　观察老年 2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAE)及血清胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅱ(IGF Ⅱ )、转化生长因子 β(TGF β)、表皮生长因子 (EGF)等细胞因子水平与骨质疏松的相关性。　 方法　对照组 14例 ;老年 2型糖尿病患者 51例 ,根据UAE分成正常白蛋白尿组 (UAE <2 0 μg/min)、微量白蛋白尿组 ( 2 0 μg/min≤UAE <2 0 0 μg/min)和大量白蛋白尿组 (UAE≥ 2 0 0 μg/min)。使用双能X线骨密度仪测量前臂松质骨及皮质骨的骨密度 ,测定IGF Ⅱ、TGF β及白介素 6(IL 6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的血清水平。　结果　 3组糖尿病患者松质骨骨密度分别为 ( 3 51 5± 65 3 )g/cm2 、( 3 72 0±66 4)g/cm2 、( 3 71 8± 76 7)g/cm2 ,较对照组 ( 4 76 7± 92 8)g/cm2 降低 (P <0 0 5) ,大量白蛋白尿组皮质骨骨密度 ( 62 1 3± 59 0 )g/cm2 低于对照组 ( 72 5 1± 3 5 9)g/cm2 (P <0 0 5)。糖尿病患者血清IGF Ⅱ、TGF β水平低于对照组 (P <0 0 5) ,IL 6、EGF及TNF与对照组比较 ,差异无显著性。IGF Ⅱ与松质骨T值呈负相关 ,与TGF β正相关。　 结论　糖尿病肾病患者易并发骨质疏松 ,可能与IGF Ⅱ、TGF β因子下降有一定相关。     

糖类抗原CA125在非霍奇金淋巴瘤中的临床诊断意义研究

目的 探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者血清CAl25表达及其临床意义.方法 对2004年9月至2006年3月中国医科大学附属第一医院42例NHL患者检测其血清CA125水平,判断CA125与性别、临床分期、B症状、浆膜腔积液、国际预后指数评分(IPI)、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及治疗效果之间的关系.结果 CA125升高与B症状、浆膜腔积液、IPI及LDH明显相关(P<0.05),并与病情进展有一定的关系.结论 血清CA125的测定对了解NHL疾病进展、疾病监测、评价预后和治疗反应有很大意义.     

NHL血清LDH及β2-微球蛋白测定的临床意义

目的探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)测定的临床意义.方法分别采用速率法和放免法测定69例NHL患者血清LDH和β2-MG值.结果正常组与NHL 组,Ⅰ～Ⅱ与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,无全身症状组(A组)与有全身症状组(B组),无骨髓浸润组与有骨髓浸润组以及化疗后与化疗前(CR组或PR组)患者的LDH值和β2-MG值相比,后组均明显高于前组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而无效组化疗前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论血清LDH和β2-MG水平可作为NHL患者分期、有否骨髓浸润、预后及疗效判断的辅助指标.     

糖尿病前期尿白蛋白排泄率和微量白蛋白尿患病率的比较

目的　比较糖耐量正常 (NGT)、单纯空腹血糖受损 (I IFG)、单纯糖耐量低减 (I IGT)、糖耐量低减合并空腹血糖受损 (IGT/IFG)、新诊断的 2型糖尿病 (2型DM ) 5种不同糖代谢状态的尿白蛋白排泄率 (UAE)和微量白蛋白尿 (MAU )患病率。方法　根据 75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (75gOGTT)结果 ,将 2 93 4例受试者分为 :NGT组 13 3 2例、I IFG组 186例、I IGT组 470例、IGT/IFG组 2 3 6例、新诊断的 2型DM组 710例。用放射免疫法测定过夜 12h尿白蛋白。UAE在 2 0～ 2 0 0μg/min之间定义为MAU。 结果　 (1)UAE水平 [中位数 (四分位数 ) ] ,在新诊断的 2型DM组为8 50 (4 89～ 15 95) μg/min、IGT/IFG组为 6 93 (4 85～ 10 89) μg/min、I IGT组为 6 51(4 0 9～10 74) μg/min ,均高于I IFG组的 5 56(3 70～ 9 2 3 ) μg/min(P值均 <0 0 1) ;I IFG组与NGT组的 5 2 6(3 50～ 8 12 ) μg/min比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5) ;MAU的患病率在新诊断的 2型DM组为 2 0 7%、IGT/IFG组为 13 1%、I IGT组为 11 7%、I IFG组为 5 8%、NGT组为 5 6% ,同样呈现上述变化规律。(2 )多元逐步回归分析显示 :UAE与OGTT 2h血糖、舒张压、体重指数呈现独立正相关。logistic回归分析显示 ,导致MAU危险性增加的因素有OGTT 2h血糖、舒张     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者血清LDH与β2-MG检测及其临床意义

目的探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）水平检测与临床诊断、分期及治疗效果的关系。方法筛选32例初诊为NHL患者为观察组,其中Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期11例。以35名健康体检者为正常对照组。全部入组对象均采集清晨空腹静脉血检测LDH、β2-MG值。结果 （1）NHL血清LDH及β2-MG水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;（2）Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期患者血清LDH及β2-MG水平明显高于Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期患者（P〈0.01）;（3）化疗2个疗程后,其血清LDH及β2-MG水平较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论血清LDH及β2-MG水平检测可作为NHL诊断、分期、疗效评估的参考指标。     

尿蛋白排泄率与2型糖尿病病人缺血性心脏病的相关性研究

目的 对507例2型糖尿病病人的临床资料进行分析比较,探讨尿蛋白排泄率(UAE)对缺血性心脏病(IHD)的预测价值.方法 选取2型糖尿病病人507例,依据UAE分为正常蛋白尿组(NA,UAE<20 μg/min)、微量蛋白尿组(MA,UAE 20 μg/min～200 μg/min)和明显蛋白尿组(OA,UAE>200 μg/min),比较3组病人的基线资料,观察不同UAE水平与IHD之间的关系,分析影响IHD发生的因素.结果 OA组的糖尿病病程明显长于NA组和MA组,且IHD发生率较高;Logistic回归分析示OA与IHD的发生显著相关,其他与IHD发生相关的因素有糖尿病程和年龄,而MA则无显著相关性.结论 UAE是2型糖尿病病人IHD较为可靠的独立预测因素.     

30例80岁以上老年人急性粒细胞白血病的治疗及预后分析

目的 :了解 80岁以上老年人急性粒细胞性白血病 (AML)的临床及生物学特征、影响预后的因素 ,分析保守支持治疗的可行性。方法 :回顾性分析经FAB分型确诊的 30例 80岁以上老年AML患者的临床及生物学特征、影响预后的因素及可行性治疗方案。结果 :确诊时 ,13例 (43.3% )ECOGPS评分 >2分〔1〕;10例 (33.3% )有MDS病史 ;2 4例 (80 .0 % )有并发症 ;9例 (30 .0 % )LDH≥ 4 0 0U/L ;13例 (43.3% )血清白蛋白≤ 32g/L ;预后不良核型 11例 (36 .7% ) ;CD34+ 、CD7+ 或CD14 + 者共 12例 (40 .0 % )。 12例 (40 .0 % )仅接受支持治疗 ,18例 (6 0 .0 % )给予支持治疗同时辅以小剂量化疗及GM/G CSF治疗。中位数生存期 (OS)为 13周 (2～ 6 0周 ) ,5例 (16 .7% )OS≥ 6个月 ,3例 (10 .0 % )OS≥ 12个月。单因素分析显示PS评分 >2分 ,血清白蛋白≤ 32g/L ,白细胞≥ 5 0× 10 9/L和预后不良核型为OS的负面影响因素。结论 :80岁以上AML患者有特殊的临床和生物学特征 ,治疗以保守治疗为主 ,必要时可根据病情辅以小剂量化疗 ,其预后与多种因素有关。     

术前血清碱性磷酸酶及乳酸脱氢酶检测水平对结直肠癌患者病情评估的临床价值

[目的]探讨术前血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平对结直肠癌患者病情评估的临床价值。[方法]选取2012年8月～2018年12月在本院确诊为结直肠癌并住院接受手术治疗的228例患者和81例健康对照组作为研究对象,收集健康对照组及结直肠癌患者术前血清ALP和LDH水平及结直肠癌组术后病理学资料。比较正常对照组与结直肠癌组患者术前血清ALP及LDH水平,并分析术前血清ALP水平LDH水平与临床病理特征之间的相关性。[结果]结直肠癌组术前血清ALP及LDH水平明显高于对照组(均P0.05);有淋巴结转移、有远处转移的结直肠癌患者术前血清ALP水平均比无淋巴结转移、无远处转移的患者更高(均P0.05)。肿瘤浸润较深的T3～T4期、有淋巴结转移、远处转移,CEA≥5μg/L的结直肠癌患者术前血清LDH水平均比肿瘤浸润深度较浅的T1～T2期、无淋巴结转移、远处转移、CEA5μg/L的患者更高(均P0.05)。不同TNM分期,不同分化程度的结直肠癌患者术前血清ALP和LDH水平不同,分期越高,分化程度越低,ALP及LDH水平越高,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。[结论]术前结直肠癌患者血清ALP及LDH水平越高,提示肿瘤浸润程度越深,分期越高,越易出现淋巴结及远处转移。术前ALP及LDH水平可作为评价结直肠癌患者临床预后的辅助指标。     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者治疗前FDG-PET/CT检查与预后的相关性分析

目的:评估治疗前18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射计算机断层显像(18F-FDG-PET)/CT的最大标化摄取值(SUVmax)对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)预后预测价值。方法:回顾分析76例新发DLBCL患者初次PET/CT检查中最大SUVmax与疾病分期、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、校正国际预后指数(R-IPI)等预后因素之间的相关性以及预后分析。结果:初发DLBL患者PET/CT的SUVmax与疾病分期、B症状、LDH、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分呈正相关。R-IPI3个预后组中的SUVmax有显著区别,R-IPI预后差的一组SUVmax均值明显高于前2组,有统计学意义(P<10与SUVmax≥10组总有效率分别为87.9%和55.8%(P     

NHL患者放疗效果及与肿瘤细胞MDM2基因表达、血清LDH水平的相关性

目的探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的放疗效果及与肿瘤细胞分子生物学指标的相关性。方法对33例Ⅰ期NHL患者（NHL组）行局部放疗,观察缓解时间;采用免疫组化SP法检测NHL及良性淋巴结增生性疾病患者（对照组）细胞内MDM2表达、血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平,对两者与缓解时间的相关性进行分析。结果NHL组肿瘤细胞内MDM2基因表达、患者血清LDH水平均显著高于对照组,MDM2基因表达阳性者缓解期维持时间明显长于阴性者、血清LDH水平显著高于阴性者（P均〈0．001）;NHL组MDM2基因表达水平与血清LDH水平呈正相关、与患者缓解期维持时间呈负相关。结论Ⅰ期NHL患者行放疗效果确切;肿瘤细胞MDM2基因表达及血清LDH水平与患者缓解期维持时间呈负相关,可作为病情监测指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.