经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)术后出血15例回顾研究

目的 探讨前列腺增生经尿道电切术后出血原因及治疗方法.方法 回顾分析采用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生240例中术后1个月内出血15例资料.对15例BPH患者TURP术后出血的原因进行分析,然后进行针对性的止血处理.结果 11例经保守治疗好转,4列再次手术止血成功,无并发症.结论 经尿道前列腺电切术围手术期及术中各个阶段处理不当以及术后过度活动均可造成不可控制的出血.全面的术前准备、准确的术中处理夏术后处理,均是预防和治疗TURP术后出血的关键.     

经尿道前列腺电切（TURP）术后出血15例回顾研究

目的探讨前列腺增生经尿道电切术后出血原因及治疗方法。方法回顾分析采用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生240例中术后1个月内出血15例资料。对15例BPH患者TURP术后出血的原因进行分析,然后进行针对性的止血处理。结果 11例经保守治疗好转,4列再次手术止血成功,无并发症。结论经尿道前列腺电切术围手术期及术中各个阶段处理不当以及术后过度活动均可造成不可控制的出血。全面的术前准备、准确的术中处理及术后处理,均是预防和治疗TURP术后出血的关键。     

钬激光前列腺剜除术与传统TURP疗效及并发症比较

目的 比较钬激光前列腺剜除术（HoLEP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的疗效和并发症。方法 选择2015年6月~2019年6月我院收治的BPH患者78例,采用随机数字表分组方法分为HoLEP组37例和TURP组41例。TURP组采用常规步骤切除增生前列腺组织,HoLEP组采用钬激光前列腺剜除术。比较两组手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOL）、残余尿量（PVR）、最大尿流率（Qmax）等指标变化及并发症发生情况。结果 HoLEP组手术时间长于TURP组（P＜0.05）;导尿管留置时间、术后住院天数短于（P＜0.01）。TURP组血清钠、血红蛋白均较术前降低（P＜0.01）。术后1个月、6个月、1年2组患者IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR均较术前显著改善（P＜0.01）。术后随访HoLEP组的近期及远期并发症少于TURP组（P＜0.01）。结论 HoLEP治疗BPH疗效和TURP相似,HoLEP切割精准、手术视野清晰,出血和并发症更少。     

经尿道前列腺等离子电切术治疗良性前列腺增生170例的临床观察与护理体会

目的探讨经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（TURP）术后护理的重要性。对170例经尿道前列腺等离子电切术患者一般临床资料、术前及术后的护理措施进行分析总结。其中术后发生大出血3例,术后发生膀胱痉挛21例,其余156例疗效佳。TURP是治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的金标准[1],具有微创、出血少、精确、高效、适应症广、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,被临床广泛应用。由于前列腺增生是老年人的常见病,患者缺乏相关知识,护理人员的专业护理和指导显得尤为重要。我科自2007年至2010年3月应用这项新新技术对170例前列腺增生病人实施等离子电切术,治疗效果良好,现将经尿道前列腺等离子剜除术术前、术后护理、并发症的预防及出院指导总结如下：     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症

目的探讨高危前列腺增生症(BPH)患者的治疗方法.方法分析了经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗高危前列腺增生症22例疗效及预后.结果全组22例均术后痊愈,其中出现暂时性尿失禁2例,尿道狭窄1例,均经提肛训练及尿道扩张后恢复.结论经尿道TURP创伤小,安全,疗效确切,并发症少,对于高龄及有合并症的前列腺增生症不是绝对禁忌征.     

经尿道前列腺电切术后出血的原因及治疗体会

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)术后出血与治疗方法.方法 对420例前列腺增生(BPH)患者行TURP术,术前查凝血功能,术中注意止血,术后常规止血治疗、膀胱冲洗、术后随访.结果 420例22例出现术后大出血,牵拉导尿管,二次经尿道止血治愈,较开放手术病例无死亡病例.结论 在TURP手术中应对患者凝血功能进行全面评估,术中仔细止血,术后保持冲洗通畅,若发生继发膀胱出血填塞应果断手术首先考虑经尿道二次电凝术一般均能取得满意疗效.     

经尿道前列腺电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症

目的　探讨高危前列腺增生症 (BPH)患者的治疗方法 .方法　分析了经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)治疗高危前列腺增生症 2 2例疗效及预后 .结果　全组 2 2例均术后痊愈 ,其中出现暂时性尿失禁 2例 ,尿道狭窄 1例 ,均经提肛训练及尿道扩张后恢复 .结论　经尿道TURP创伤小 ,安全 ,疗效确切 ,并发症少 ,对于高龄及有合并症的前列腺增生症不是绝对禁忌征 .     

68例经尿道前列腺电切的护理体会

探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的护理体会。68例良性前列腺增生患者在连续硬膜下行经尿道前列腺电切术。TURP具有不开刀、创伤小、住院时间短、恢复快等特点，加强患者术前、术后护理，取得了满意效果。     

经尿道汽化切割治疗前列腺增生症125例临床分析

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺汽化切割术治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床效果.方法:采用经尿道前列腺汽化切割术结合经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH患者125例.结果:本组125例术后症状改善率达100%,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿等指标手术前后比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:经尿道前列腺汽化切割术结合TURP手术是治疗BPH的安全方法,疗效满意.     

经尿道前列腺电切术的并发症及其防治

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）术中、术后常见并发症及其产生原因和处理方法,进一步提高手术安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析1998—2008年我院726例TuRP治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的临床资料。并对发生各种并发症的原因及处理方法进行总结分析。结果本组无死亡病例。平均手术时间为83min,发生电切综合征（TURS）16例（2．2％）,术后出血8例（1．1％）,包膜穿孔尿外渗6例（0．8％）,暂时性尿失禁17例（2.3％）,未发生永久性尿失禁,排尿困难及尿道狭窄21例（3．0％）,尿路感染11例（1．5％）,性功能障碍30例（4．1％）。结论TURP是治疗BPH安全有效的外科治疗方法,其并发症大多与手术操作熟练程度及适应证选择有关。大部分并发症经及时正确处理．不会产生严重后果。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.